综合医院重症监护病房呼吸机相关性肺炎危险因素分析及防控对策

目的分析综合医院重症监护病房(ICU病房)呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)危险因素,并提出相对应的对策。方法对广东省开平市中心医院2010年5月～2012年4月的60例VAP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,另外选取60例非VAP的患者进行比较。结果发生VAP的危险因素有深静脉导管、胃管插管、人工通气、药物应用、机械通气时间、营养不良等,VAP组与非VAP组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论深静脉导管、胃管插管、人工通气、药物应用、机械通气时间、营养不良等是发生VAP的危险因素,针对性的预防性的采取措施有助于切断感染途径,降低VAP的发生。     

ICU内呼吸机相关性肺炎危险因素分析

目的 探讨重症监护室(ICU)内呼吸机相关肺炎(Ventilator-associated pneumonia,VAP)相关危险因素及对策.方法 收集本院2008年1月至2011年12月重症监护室内行机械通气患者177例,进行回顾性分析.结果 本组VAP的发生率为23.20%,病死率30.12%.共检出病原菌108株,其中G-杆菌70.12%、G+菌10.31%、真菌19.57%.非VAP组病死率15%.结论 VAP发病率和病死率高,机械通气时间、高龄、慢性基础疾病COPD、昏迷、使用抑酸剂、留置胃管是VAP的发生的独立危险因素;VAP的主要致病茵为G-杆菌;尽量缩短上机时间和避免医源性危险因素是主要对策.     

呼吸机相关性肺炎危险因素与防治对策研究

目的 通过回顾性分析呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)患者的临床资料和危险因素,提高对VAP的认识.方法 收集2005年1月至2009年1月入住重症监护室行机械通气患者的临床资料,按诊断标准分为发生VAP组和未发生VAP组,对两组患者的临床特点、相关危险因素、病原菌分布和预后等进行比较分析.结果 共收集138例,发生VAP组67例(48.6%),未发生VAP组71例(51.4%).发生VAP组机械通气时间明显长于未发生VAP组(机械通气时间大于或等于10 d者,发生VAP组占82.1%,未发生VAP组占17.9%),深静脉穿刺留置导管的比例也高于未发生VAP组.发生VAP组共培养出病原菌216株,其中G-杆菌134株(62.04%),G+球菌34株(15.74%),真菌48株(22.22%),发生VAP组死亡23例,未发生VAP组死亡5例(P＜0.05).结论 VAP的发生可以显著提高病死率,应予重视.     

综合性ICU呼吸机相关性肺炎病原菌分析与防治对策

目的 分析新建综合性重症监护病房(ICU)的呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)病原菌分布和耐药特点以及高危因素,为临床治疗VAP提供科学依据.方法 对2009-2011年入住罗定市人民医院新建综合性ICU的727例机械通气患者进行目标性监测,对确诊VAP患者的病原体进行鉴定和监测,并单因素分析VAP发生的危险因素.结果 发生VAP共89例,发生率为12.24％,检出病原菌95株,其中革兰阴性菌66株(69.47％),革兰阳性球菌20株(21.05％),真菌9株(9.47％);主要病原菌分别为铜绿假单胞菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌、鲍曼不动杆菌,分别占16.84％、13.68％、10.53％、10.53％、6.32％;机械通气时间≥7d、昏迷、输血、留置胃管、气管导管气囊无定时测压、联用抗菌药、应用制酸药物均为VAP发生的危险因素.结论 综合ICU的VAP发生的高危因素甚多,通过目标性监测能够及时对病原菌与危险因素进行分析,为临床治疗VAP提供科学依据.     

重症监护病房呼吸机相关性肺炎流行病学与危险因素分析

目的 探讨重症监护病房呼吸机盯关肺炎(Ventilator-associated pneumonia,Vap)流行病学特征、相关危险因素及对策.方法 收集本院2005年1月至2008年12月重症监护室内行机械通气者258例,进行回顾性分析.结果 本组VAP的发生率为37.20%,病死率30.12%,共检出病原菌150株,其中G-杆菌70.12%、G+菌10.31%、真菌19.57%.非VAP组病素率15%.结论 VAP发病率和病死率高,机械通气时间、高龄、慢性基础疾病COPD、昏迷、使用抑酸剂、留置胃管是VAP的发生的独立危险因素;VAP的主要致病为G-杆菌;尽量综短上机时间和避免医源性危险因素是主要对策.     

脑梗死机械通气患者呼吸机相关肺炎病原学与相关影响因素分析

目的研究分析脑梗死机械通气患者呼吸相关性肺炎(Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia,VAP)的病原学特点及危险因素,为临床防治脑梗死患者机械通气期间的VAP提供参考依据。方法选择我院行机械通气治疗的100例脑梗死患者(2016年1月至2018年12月),根据患者是否发生VAP将其分为VAP组与对照组,先分析脑梗死并发呼吸机相关性肺炎的病原学情况,再对两组的临床资料进行回顾性研究分析,分析脑梗死患者发生VAP的危险因素。结果 100例脑梗死患者中,有30例发生VAP,其发生率为30.00%,共检出47株病原菌,包括28株革兰阴性杆菌、15例革兰阳性球菌、4株真菌。在单因素分析中,VAP组与对照组在年龄、肺部基础疾病、侵入性操作、误吸、机械通气时间等对比,存在统计学差异(P0.05),性别上对比,P0.05,则不存在统计学差异;利用Logistics线性回归开展多因素分析,年龄、肺部基础疾病、侵入性操作、误吸、机械通气时间是导致脑梗死患者VAP的危险因素。结论脑梗死患者由于误吸、年龄、肺部基础疾病、机械通气时间、侵入性操作等因素的影响,易发生VAP,其病原学以革兰阴性杆菌为主。     

重症颅脑损伤术后气管切开患者呼吸机相关性肺炎风险的危险因素分析及护理干预策略

目的:探究重症颅脑损伤术后气管切开患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)风险的危险因素分析及护理干预策略.方法:回顾性选取2018年1月—2020年2月期间平顶山市第一人民医院收治的124例重症颅脑损伤术后气管切开患者作为研究对象,41例发生VAP患者为发生组,83例未发生VAP患者为未发生组.对两组临床资料(性别、年龄、体质量指数、有无糖尿病、有无高血压、是否使用抑酸剂、入住ICU时间、机械通气时间、是否使用激素药物、留置胃管时间)开展单因素分析,再选取有意义指标进行多因素logistic回归分析.结果:两组性别、体质量指数、有无糖尿病、有无高血压、是否使用抑酸剂比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),发生组年龄大于未发生组,使用激素药物比例多于未发生组,入住ICU时间、机械通气时间、留置胃管时间长于未发生组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);年龄大、使用激素药物、入住ICU时间长、机械通气时间长、留置胃管时间长为发生VAP的危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:重症颅脑损伤术后气管切开患者容易发生VAP,且影响其发生的危险因素较多,临床需根据其危险因素制定相应护理措施,以降低VAP发生率.     

呼吸机相关性肺炎病原菌分布及危险因素分析

目的 探讨重症监护病房(ICU)老年患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)病原菌分布及危险因素,为防治老年患者VAP提供科学依据.方法 选择安徽中医药大学第一附属医院2013年 10月至2015年 12 月ICU收治的机械通气48 h以上的80例患者,36例患者发生VAP(VAP组),44例患者未发生VAP(非VAP组),分析VAP患者病原菌分布及相关危险因素.结果 VAP主要致病菌依次为鲍曼不动杆菌(26.0%)、肺炎克雷伯菌(16.0%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(16.0%)、铜绿假单胞菌(10.0%)、溶血葡萄球菌(8.0%)等.两组患者在机械通气≥5 d、APACHE Ⅱ评分≥15 分、意识障碍、误吸、留置胃管、营养状况、抑酸剂、抗菌药物的联合应用方面的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示其中机械通气时间≥5 d、误吸、意识障碍、抗菌药物联合应用是发生VAP独立危险因素.结论 VAP主要致病菌为鲍曼不动杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、铜绿假单胞菌等,VAP的危险因素有机械通气时间≥5 d、误吸、意识障碍、抗菌药物联合应用等.     

AECOPD机械通气并发呼吸机相关性肺炎47例临床分析

目的分析有创机械通气在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)治疗中并发呼吸机相关性肺炎(ventilator-associated pneumonia,VAP)的相关因素及致病菌。方法对2003年5月至2006年5月收治的使用有创机械通气治疗的71例AECOPD患者发生VAP47例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果71例AECOPD患者中发生VAP47例,发病率为66.20%;分离出76株致病菌进行药敏试验,其中革兰阴性杆菌51株(67.11%),革兰阳性球菌22株(28·95%),真菌3株(3.95%);革兰阴性杆菌的耐药性有上升趋势。机械通气时间、留置胃管及患者自身基础性疾病的严重程度等均与VAP的发生率有关。结论VAP是机械通气治疗中常见的严重并发症,尽早改为无创通气,合理使用抗生素,慎用抗酸剂,注意无菌操作,是预防VAP的有效措施。     

重症监护室呼吸机相关性肺炎的危险因素和病原菌分析

目的 探讨重症监护室(ICU)患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)的危险因素、病原菌的构成、耐药性及控制措施.方法 对ICU收住的110例机械通气患者中VAP的发生情况、相关因素及病原菌培养结果进行回顾性调查分析.结果 VAP的发病率为47.27%,其中年龄、制酸药、机械通气时间、意识障碍、抗生素的联合应用、基础疾病是医院获得性肺炎的重要危险因素,52例VAP以G-菌感染为主(64.13%),其次为G+菌(22.83%)和真菌(13.04%),病原菌存在多重耐药性.结论 危险因素的存在与VAP的发生密切相关,VAP患者感染的主要致病菌为G-菌,且存在明显的耐药情况.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.