经皮椎间孔镜与椎板开窗术治疗腰椎间盘突出症 的短期临床疗效分析

目的:探讨经皮椎间孔镜与椎板开窗术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的短期临床疗效。方法:根据纳入与排除标准,选取2016年1月至2017年12月行经皮椎间孔镜手术治疗的30例腰椎间盘突出症患者作为观察组,选择同期30例行椎板开窗术的腰椎间盘突出症患者作为对照组。对比分析两组临床治疗情况及预后情况。结果:观察组疗效优良率为93.3%,与对照组(90%)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组手术时间[(55.21±0.21)min vs.(71.24±0.15)min]、术中出血量[(14.23±0.12)mL vs.(41.23±2.51)mL]、切口长度[(0.71±0.15)cm vs.(5.72±0.12)cm]、住院时间[(4.78±0.35)d vs.(8.11±0.16)d]优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,观察组VAS、SF-36、ODI分值依次为(7.11±0.21)分、(51.22±0.24)分、(32.02±0.25)分,与对照组[(7.15±0.15)分、(51.02±0.92)分、(33.10±0.21)分]相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,观察组VAS、ODI分值依次为(0.24±0.11)分、(1.54±0.21)分,低于参照组[(0.38±0.10)分、(2.12±0.25)分];观察组SF-36为(82.31±0.22)分,高于参照组[(77.13±0.15)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应用经皮椎间孔镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症手术创伤小,术后患者康复快,疗效与椎板开窗术相近。     

经椎板间内镜椎管减压术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症

目的:探讨经皮椎板间入路内镜下椎管减压术治疗老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症的效果。方法:老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症患者196例,随机分为观察组和对照组各98例,观察组行经皮椎板间入路内镜下椎管减压术治疗,对照组行经皮椎间孔入路内镜下椎管减压术治疗。分别于术前和术后7 d、1个月、3个月采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)法评估下肢疼痛程度,Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评定腰椎功能,采用侧隐窝角评估侧隐窝狭窄程度,依据MacNab标准评定手术效果,并记录手术并发症。结果:2组术后7 d、1个月、3个月VAS评分、ODI评分均低于术前(P0.05),且观察组均低于对照组(P0.05);观察组、对照组术后7 d软性侧隐窝角[(30.53±9.76)°、(27.27±8.39)°]、骨性侧隐窝角[(33.18±10.36)°、31.52±9.85)°]均大于术前[软性侧隐窝角(14.26±7.92)°、(14.51±6.83)°,骨性侧隐窝角(16.63±6.58)°、(17.02±7.73)°](P0.05),且观察组大于对照组(P0.05);术后3个月,观察组优良率(94%)与对照组(89%)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);2组均未出现神经根撕裂、永久性神经损伤等严重并发症。结论:相较于经皮椎间孔入路,经皮椎板间入路镜下椎管减压术对减轻老年腰椎侧隐窝狭窄症患者下肢疼痛、改善侧隐窝狭窄及腰椎功能,效果更明显。     

经皮内镜下治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效观察

目的探讨经皮内镜下椎间孔、椎板间入路治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法采用经皮内镜下行髓核摘除、减压术治疗32例腰椎间盘突出症患者,其中椎间孔入路27例,椎板间入路5例。采用疼痛VAS评分评估患者手术前后腰腿疼痛缓解的情况,采用改良MacNab评分评估患者术后6个月腰部功能恢复的情况。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。VAS评分:椎间孔入路27例,术前为(9.19±0.74)分,术后1个月为(1.37±0.69)分,术后3个月为(1.52±0.58)分,术后1、3个月与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);椎板间入路5例,术前为(9.40±0.55)分,术后1个月为(1.00±0.71)分,术后3个月为(1.20±0.84)分,术后1、3个月与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后6个月改良Mac Nab评分总体优良率为94.5%。结论经皮内镜下椎间孔入路及椎板间入路治疗腰椎间盘突出症均能获得满意疗效。     

经皮内镜可视化椎间孔成形技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨经皮内镜可视化椎间孔成形技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的安全性及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2016年1~12月椎间孔入路经皮内镜髓核摘除术,其中可视化椎间孔成形技术42例(观察组),经典TESSYS技术(Transforaminal Endoscopic Spine System)29例(对照组)。2组年龄、性别、突出类型及术前疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI)均无统计学差异(P0.05)。记录治疗前、治疗过程中及治疗后的相关指标。结果与对照组比较,观察组手术时间短[(62.0±15.1)min vs.(87.3±18.9)min,t=-6.257,P=0.000],术中透视次数少[(9.0±3.1)次vs.(22.5±6.3)次,t=-11.971,P=0.000]。2组术后住院时间、随访时间、末次随访VAS评分和ODI无统计学差异(P0.05)。依据改良Mac Nab标准,观察组优31例,良8例,可3例,优良率为92.9%,对照组优22例,良5例,可2例,优良率93.1%,2组比较无统计学差异(Z=-0.185,P=0.853)。结论经皮内镜可视化椎间孔成形技术治疗腰椎间盘突出症安全、有效,较经典TESSYS技术具有手术时间短、放射暴露少的优点。     

脊柱内镜经皮椎间孔入路治疗腰椎间盘突出症36例

目的 探讨经皮内镜椎间孔入路治疗腰椎间盘突出症的安全性和临床疗效.方法 36例确诊为单节段腰椎间盘突出症患者采用局部麻醉,在C臂X线机引导下采用经皮内镜椎间孔入路技术,内镜直视下切除突出的椎间盘组织并硬膜囊和神经根减压和松解.疗效采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)和改良MacNab标准进行疗效评价.结果 26例患者术后有明显的疼痛缓解,2例患者术后症状缓解不彻底.随访2～12个月,平均4个月,进行术前、术后1个月及末次随访时VAS评分,术后1个月及末次随访时与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);采用改良MacNab标准评价:优23例,良8例,可5例,差0例.结论 应用脊柱内镜经皮椎间孔入路治疗腰椎间盘突出症,创伤小,恢复快,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的安全有效的方法,但长期疗效有待于观察.     

导航辅助脊柱内镜经椎间孔入路穿刺和椎间孔成形的临床研究

目的观察电磁导航辅助下脊柱内镜系统经椎间孔入路穿刺及椎间孔成形的临床应用价值。方法本研究为前瞻性队列研究。选取河南洛阳正骨医院脊柱外科2018年4月至2019年4月诊断为腰椎间盘突出症伴侧隐窝狭窄的患者60例,采用随机数字表法分为两组。观察组30例接受电磁导航辅助下经椎间孔入路内窥镜脊柱系统(transforaminal endoscopic spine system,TESSYS)行椎间孔成形,其中男18例,女12例;年龄(40.73±5.90)岁。对照组30例采用标准TESSYS技术行椎间孔成形,其中男19例,女11例;年龄(42.67±6.40)岁。两组患者性别、年龄、身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、术前视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)及病变节段差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。记录两组术中定位穿刺时间、关节突成形时间、手术时间、透视次数、与穿刺和椎间孔成形相关的并发症、改良MacNab评分并进行比较。结果观察组透视次数、定位穿刺时间、关节突成形时间及手术时间低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。改良MacNab评分两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术中并发症发生率观察组为6.7%(2/30),对照组为16.7%(5/30),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论电磁导航辅助下进行腰椎内镜TESSYS技术操作,有利于精准穿刺定位和椎间孔成形,能够有效减少术中透视次数,降低医患辐射暴露剂量,缩短手术时间,降低青年医师的学习曲线。     

经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS技术对腰椎间盘突出症患者应激反应及治疗效果的影响

目的探讨经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS技术对腰椎间盘突出症患者应激反应及治疗效果的影响。方法选择2012-05-2014-05收治的腰椎间盘突出症患者128例,随机分为观察组和对照组各64例,观察组接受经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS技术治疗,对照组接受常规椎板开窗髓核摘除术。比较两组手术情况、术后疼痛程度与机体功能状态、血清应激指标、临床疗效。结果随访2年,两组优良率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组患者的手术时间明显长于对照组,切口长度、术后卧床时间、住院时间均明显低于对照组(P0.05);术后1个月、术后2年,观察组腰痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)明显低于对照组(P0.05);手术后3 d,观察组血清IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CR、肾素(Renin, R)、AngⅡ含量均明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论经皮椎间孔镜TESSYS技术有助于减轻腰椎间盘突出症手术创伤,降低应激反应与疼痛程度,促进机体功能恢复。     

经椎板间入路脊柱内镜治疗重度脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨经椎板间入路脊柱内镜治疗重度脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法采用经椎板间入路脊柱内镜治疗14例重度脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症患者。记录手术前后疼痛VAS评分及ODI评分,末次随访时采用改良MacNab标准进行疗效评价。结果14例患者均顺利摘除脱垂的髓核组织。手术时间50~100(68.4±11.6)min。术后均未出现神经根、硬膜囊损伤等并发症;1例出现腰痛不适,予卧床、消炎止痛等对症处理后症状缓解。患者均获得随访,时间12~20(15.0±2.1)个月。VAS评分及ODI评分:术后3、12个月均较术前改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3、12个月比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时,采用改良MacNab标准评价临床疗效:优11例,良2例,可1例,优良率13/14。结论经椎板间入路脊柱内镜治疗重度脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症临床效果满意。     

经皮椎间孔镜与椎板开窗术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效对比

目的比较经皮内镜和椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗单节段单侧腰椎间盘出症的临床效果及优缺点。方法回顾性分析自2011-01—2014-01诊治的278例腰椎间盘突出症,采用经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术治疗142例,采用椎板开窗髓核摘除术治疗136例。结果椎板开窗髓核摘除术出血量多和时间短,并发症多,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后2周、3个月和6个月Macnab标准优良率2组比较,经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术优于椎板开窗髓核摘除术,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2种术式都能有效缓解腰椎间盘突出症患者的症状,但经皮内镜腰椎间盘切除术后并发症发生率低,是理想的微创治疗腰椎间盘突出症的方法。     

脊柱内镜与椎间融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴终板骨软骨炎的疗效对比

目的探讨脊柱内镜与椎间融合修复在治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴终板骨软骨炎中的临床疗效对比。方法对2015年3月至2017年2月期间在我院手术治疗且随访时间≥1年的腰椎间盘突出症伴终板骨软骨炎116例患者进行回顾性分析,其中男66例,女50例;年龄为33~69岁,平均年龄42.7岁。均为单节段,按手术方法不同分为两组,采用经皮椎间孔镜手术治疗55例(男35例,女20例),累及L3~4节段3例,L4~5节段27例,L5S1节段25例,在其临床症状较重一侧进行经皮椎间孔镜下神经减压、髓核摘除术;采取椎间融合修复手术患者61例(男31例,女30例),累及L3~4节段5例,L4~5节段29例,L5S1节段27例,在责任椎间节段行椎板减压,切除椎间盘组织,植骨融合椎间关节,提供坚强椎弓根螺钉固定。比较两组手术时间、手术切口长度、手术出血量及住院时间,随访时观察疗效及视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI),根据改良MacNab疗效评定标准评估优良率。结果两组患者均顺利完成治疗,随访12~24个月,平均17.8个月。脊柱内镜组手术时间、手术切口长度、手术出血量及住院时间均优于椎间融合组,比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后首次、术后6个月及末次随访VAS、ODI评分均降低,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。脊柱内镜组优良率为92.7%(51/55),椎间融合组优良率88.5%(54/61),两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论脊柱内镜同椎间融合修复在治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴终板骨软骨炎中均可获得良好的疗效,且疗效无差异,但脊柱内镜手术创伤小,住院治疗和恢复时间短。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.