指纹图谱法评价规范化种植青蒿药材的质量

目的:建立评价规范化种植青蒿药材质量优劣的指纹图谱分析方法,比较不同产地野生和不同采收期栽培青蒿的质量。方法:采用高效液相色谱法,色谱条件:Agilent Zorbax SB-C18柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水,梯度洗脱;流速1.0mL.min-1;检测波长325 nm。结果:建立了规范化种植的青蒿药材HPLC指纹图谱,确定了16个共有峰;福建、河北和湖南产野生青蒿与对照指纹图谱相似度在0.90以上;6、7、8、9月份采集的种植青蒿与对照指纹图谱相似度分别为0.886、0.913、0.922和0.452。结论:栽培青蒿与其他产地野生青蒿质量相当,不同采收期的栽培青蒿质量存在差异,指纹图谱分析方法可作为全面评价青蒿药材质量的依据。     

青蒿酸催化氧化制备去氢青蒿素和青蒿素

作者等前曾报道:带环的烯丙过氧氢化合物在金属触媒催化下能裂解生成相应的二羰基化合物。现利用这一反应将青蒿(黄花蒿Artemisia annua)中含量较高的青蒿酸(1)经光氧化为烯丙过氧氢(2),然后再转变成具有高度抗疟活性的青蒿素(11)。将青蒿酸溶于乙腈,在-30℃经钨灯(500W)光照氧化,得理论量的4.5:1比例的烯丙过氧氢及其异构物(3)     

UV-Vis法测定重庆武隆县不同立地条件青蒿样品的含量

目的:评价重庆武隆县不同立地条件青蒿样品的质量,为重庆市青蒿药材产业化发展建立一种方便、快捷的测定青蒿素含量的方法。方法:于青蒿采收期在武隆县青蒿种植基地不同立地条件下取样,样品经过烘干、粉碎、微波提取和颜色反应等步骤,通过紫外分光光度(UV-Vis)法在290nm波长处测定吸光度,根据标准溶液回归曲线计算青蒿素含量和评价青蒿品质。结果:青蒿素检测浓度在8~40mg·mL-1范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系(r=0.9998);平均回收率为99.98%,RSD=1.48%(n=9)。结论:立地条件对青蒿质量有一定程度的影响;UV-Vis法简便、快速、重现性好,可用于青蒿的质量控制。     

淡黄色巴豆叶精油的成分分析及其抗癌活性

淡黄色巴豆(拟)Croton flavens L.是加勒比海地区特有植物,作者研究了该植物叶精油的化学成分并进行了细胞毒试验。以色谱法对精油的化学成分进行分析,发现该精油中含有55种化合物,但仅鉴定了47种,倍半萜类占77.27%,其中主要成分绿花烯约占12.22%,大根香叶酮为5.27%,(E)-γ-红没药烯为5.25%,β-石竹烯为4.95%;还有13.62%的倍半萜类未得到鉴定。单萜类化合物仅约占2.27%。先前的GC分析显示该精油主要成分为α-蒎烯(16.0%)、异石竹烯(9.3%)、芳姜黄烯(7.9%)、未知化合物4.8%和斯巴醇(4.5%);但在此实验所用的该植物精油中未发现这几个成分。…     

青蒿及青蒿油的樟脑含量检测

目的:建立气相色谱法测定青蒿及青蒿油中樟脑的含量.方法:以聚乙二醇-20M为固定相,涂布浓度为10%,柱温为130℃,氢火焰离子化检测器,检测器温度为170℃.结果:樟脑与其他色谱峰的分离度和线性关系良好,回收率100.1%,RSD=0.56%.结论:该方法灵敏、快速、准确,可作为青蒿及青蒿油的质量控制标准.     

源于重庆产大红袍红橘的陈皮挥发油成分研究

目的:研究源于重庆产大红袍红橘的陈皮挥发油成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术测定挥发油成分;利用GC-MS数据分析与自动质谱退卷积定性系统(AMDIS)软件对挥发油总离子流(TIC)中的重叠峰进行解析。结果:共定性、定量了70个化合物,总含量为96.343%。含量最高的5个化合物分别为柠檬烯、芳樟醇、百里香酚、γ-萜品烯、α-甜橙醛,分别占总含量的48.089%、16.066%、6.776%、5.916%、2.899%。单萜烯(共13个)是含量最大的一类化合物,占56.062%;含氧化合物(共44个)占的比重较大,为36.497%,主要的几类物质是醇、酚、醛。结论:源于重庆产大红袍红橘的陈皮挥发油成分属于柠檬烯/芳樟醇化学型。GC-MS数据分析与AMDIS软件的联合使用可以较好地解决中药挥发油TIC中重叠峰解析的难题。本研究结果将促进重庆产大红袍红橘的深层次开发利用。     

青蒿油丸

来源:本品为中药菊科植物黄花蒿Artemisiaannua L(别称臭蒿、草蒿)的全草,经水蒸汽蒸馏提取出黄色油状液体后加工制成的。经中医研究院中药研究所分离鉴定,青蒿油中主要成份含有莰烯(Camphene),β—蒎烯(β—Pinene),异蓠酮(I-     

不同产地北沙参药材的挥发油成分比较分析

目的:比较山东莱阳、河北安国、内蒙古赤峰3个产地北沙参挥发油成分的差异。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取不同产地北沙参挥发油并计算提取率。利用气质联用(GC-MS)技术分析挥发油成分,采用Xcalibur工作站对数据进行校正,采用NIST11.0质谱数据库进行化合物检索(匹配度>800),以峰面积归一化法求得各化学成分的相对质量分数。结果:莱阳北沙参的挥发油提取率为0.013%,远低于安国北沙参(0.099%)和赤峰北沙参(0.105%)。分别从3个产地北沙参挥发油中鉴定出了15、18、27个化合物,相对质量分数分别为89.29%、96.76%、94.53%;镰叶芹醇是不同产地北沙参挥发油中相对质量分数最高的共有化合物,相对质量分数分别为69.79%、90.89%、71.04%;莱阳产北沙参富含脂肪酸类成分,安国和赤峰产北沙参富含C15H24型倍半萜类成分。结论:不同产地北沙参的挥发油成分有较大差异,提示应将其作为区分不同产地北沙参的化学标志物。     

GC-MS分析酉阳青蒿挥发油的化学成分

目的 鉴定酉阳青蒿挥发油的化学成分.方法 用水蒸气蒸馏法提取青蒿挥发油,通过GC-MS联用仪分析鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量.结果 从酉阳青蒿挥发油中共分离出46个组分,鉴定了其中41个,占挥发油总量的93.74%.其中,超过1%的有14个,蒿酮含量高达43.04%.结论 本法分离效果良好,所鉴定组分较准确,对酉阳青蒿挥发油的开发应用具有参考价值.     

干、鲜石荠苎精油含量及其化学成分的比较研究

目的 研究干、鲜石荠苎精油含量与化学成分的变化。方法 采用水蒸汽蒸馏法测定精油含量，色谱／质谱／数据系统联用方法分析精油化学组成。结果 干石荠苎的精油含量为1．502％～1．760％，鲜石荠苎的精油含量为0．345％～0．365％。从鲜石荠苎的精油中检测到114个分离峰，鉴定出以甲基丁香油酚(64．935％)、石竹烯(9．333％)、Lu草烯(6．455％)、β-金合欢烯(4．638％)、侧柏嗣(3．238％)、桧烯(1．586％)、肉豆蔻醚(1．015％)为主的65种成分，占精油总量的97．85％，其中41种为首次报道。从干石荠的精油中检测到142个分离峰，鉴定出与鲜石荠苎的精油相同的60种成分。结论 干、鲜石荠苎精油百分含量有显著差异，而两者的化学组成基本相同，但是干石荠苎精油中的大多数成分的含量普遍降低。石荠苎精油的化学组成相当复杂，含有多种生物活性物质，如甲基丁香油酚具有麻醉镇痛作用，侧柏嗣有平喘止咳作用；桉叶油素等有抑菌、抗病毒作用；有些成分可作为食用香料和增香剂，特别是甲基丁香油酚的含量高达64．935％，因而具有重要的开发价值。     

Seasonal variations of Artemisinin and its biosynthetic precursors in tetraploid Artemisia annua plants compared with the diploid wild-type

Using colchicine we induced tetraploidy in Artemisia annua L. plants. During a vegetation period we monitored the time course of the levels of artemisinin, its direct precursors, the biosynthetically related sesquiterpenes and the essential oil content in the diploid (wild-type) and tetraploid A. annua plants. The averaged artemisinin level in tetraploids was 38% higher than that of the wild-type as measured over the whole vegetation period. In contrast, the averaged essential oil content of the tetraploids over this period was 32% lower. This might suggest a reciprocal correlation between artemisinin (sesquiterpenes) and the essential oil content (monoterpenes). The averaged biomass of the leaves of the tetraploid plants was lower compared to the wild-type plants. Therefore, the artemisinin yield per m2 tetraploids was decreased by 25%. Although the tetraploid plants were smaller than the wild-type plants, certain individual organs like the leaves were considerably larger, and seeds obtained by cross pollination between tetraploid A. annua plants had a spectacular size. In principle, tetraploid A. annua can be a useful starting material for a breeding program in order to obtain larger and faster growing plants, which produce higher levels of artemisinin.     

闽产黄花蒿挥发油化学成分的研究

用气相色谱质谱-计算机联用系统对黄花蒿挥发油的化学成分进行研究,以SE-54石英毛细管柱共分离出38个峰,鉴定出其中的27个化学成分,占挥发油总量的92．45％．从鉴定出的化学成分可知,黄花蒿是优良的药用植物,有进一步开发和利用的价值．     

Effect of plant density on the yields of artemisinin and essential oil in Artemisia annua cropped under low input cost management in North-Central India

A field experiment was conducted on Artemisia annua L. during the winter-summer season of 1995-96 at Lucknow, located at 26.5 degrees N, 80.5 degrees E and 120 m above mean sea level, representing a semiarid-subtropical climate with hot summer and fairly cool winters to study the effect of varying plant densities on the yields of essential oil and artemisinin under the conditions of no interculture and fertilizer applications. Results showed that A. annua at the population density of 2.22 x 10(5) plants ha(-1) yielded 7.4 kg of artemisinin and 91 kg of essential oil. It was also observed that at the same oil yield level, the yield of artemisinin increased by 1.5-, 2-, and 2.5-fold when the plant densities increased by about 2-, 4-, and 8-fold. Correspondingly, the suppression of weeds occurred by about 33, 133, and 333%, respectively. The plant architecture and canopy structure produced in high density A. annua plots presumably favoured the synthesis and accumulation of artemisinin resulting in artemisinin-rich, mature plants. It is recommended that, under subtropical agroclimatic conditions of north Indian plains, the A. annua should be cultivated at very high plant densities such as 2.22 x 10(5) plants ha(-1) forgetting high artemisinin yields.     

野生黄花蒿种子挥发油化学成分的研究

目的研究黄花蒿种子挥发油的化学成分。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法从湖南雪峰山地区野生黄花蒿种子中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法对其化学成分进行鉴定,归一化法测定其百分含量。结果共鉴定出39个成分,占挥发油总成分的52%。其中丁香烯环氧化物（8.99%）、丁香烯（6.89%）、1,6,10-Dodecatriene,7,11-di meth-yl-3-methylene-,（E）-（8.16%）和1,6-Cyclodecadiene,1-methyl-5-methylene-8-（1-methylethyl）-,[s-（E,E）]-（4.01%）等4种成分含量较高,约占鉴定出挥发油成分的47%。结论此方法稳定可靠,重视性好,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析。     

德州野生黄花蒿挥发油化学成分的研究

目的　用气相色谱 -质谱法对黄花蒿挥发油化学成分进行分析。方法　采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取黄花蒿中挥发油。用气相色谱 -质谱法对挥发油中化学成分进行鉴定,用归一化法确定相对百分含量。结果　鉴定了 5 9种组分,占挥发油总量的 93 97%。结论　本实验方法简便、可靠,重现性好     

黄花蒿的化学成分研究进展

黄花蒿为传统中药,具有清热解毒、除蒸截疟的功效.近年来采用现代中药研究方法,如HPLC、GC-MS、LC-MS等从黄花蒿中分离出多种有效成分.黄花蒿的化学成分主要有倍半萜类、黄酮类、香豆素类和挥发油类,其中倍半萜类和甲氧基黄酮类成分较为丰富,且甲氧基黄酮类对黄花蒿的抗疟活性具有促进作用.     

Central properties of the essential oil and the crude ethanol extract from aerial parts of Artemisia annua L.

The present study evaluated the central activity of the essential oil and the ethanolic extract from Artemisia annua L. in animals as a part of a psychopharmacological screening of this plant. The extract was prepared with fresh leaves in ethanol (AEE) and the essential oil (AEO) was obtained by hidrodestilation. The ED(50) and the LD(50) obtained for the essential oil were 470mg/kg (correlation coefficient r=0.97333 and linear regression y=-26.52x+0.158) and 790mg/kg, and for the extract, 450mg/kg (correlation coefficient r=0.99266 and linear regression y=-27.34+0.156) and more than 2g/kg, respectively. The doses increased the latency time to convulsions induced by picrotoxin and pilocarpine but prevented the onset of pentylenotetrazol and strychnine induced seizures. In addition to, the products have caused marked inhibition in the Rota-rod assay. According to the results, the AEO has a high acute toxicity and a possible cholinergic action, and the AEE showed a possible central activity as dopaminergic and cholinergic agents, and did not present a significant acute toxicity. These differences should be due to chemical substances present in each product. These products had no significant effect as an anticonvulsant, while exhibited a strong depressant activity on the CNS.     

微波辅助提取与水蒸气蒸馏杭白芷挥发油的比较

目的:比较微波辅助提取与水蒸气蒸馏杭白芷挥发油的提取率和化学成分。方法:分别采用微波辅助提取和水蒸气蒸馏提取白芷挥发油,并运用毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用法结合计算机检索对其挥发油进行化学成分分析。结果:共鉴定出68个成分,从微波辅助提取和水蒸气蒸馏提取所得挥发油中分别鉴定出了59种和37种化合物,分别占总峰面积的88.93%和94.79%。结论:微波辅助提取与水蒸气蒸馏提取所得挥发油的化学成分有较大差异,微波提取的挥发油成分更多。     

The presence of amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase, a key enzyme in artemisinin production in ten Artemisia species

BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Artemisinin is one of the most effective medicine against malaria, which is produced naturally by Artemisia annua in low yield. It is produced in a metabolic pathway, in which several genes and gene products are involved. One of the key genes in this pathway is am1, which encodes amorpha-4, 11-diene synthase (ADS), a key enzyme in artemisinin biosynthesis pathway. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of this gene in ten Artemisia species in order to increase the yield of production of Artemisinin. METHODS: The experiments were carried out using PCR. Specific primers were designed based on the published am1 gene sequence obtained from A. annua (NCBI, accession number AF327527). RESULTS: The amplification of this gene by the specific primers was considered as a positive sign for the potentiality of artemisinin production. Since the entire am1 gene was not amplified in any of the 10 species used, four parts of the gene, essential in ADS enzyme function, corresponding to a) pair site of Arg10-Pro12 in the first 100 amino acids, b) aspartate rich motif (DDXXD), c) active site final lid and d) active site including farnesyl diphosphate (FDP) ionization sites and catalytic site in the ADS enzyme, were investigated. MAJOR CONCLUSION: The sequence corresponding to ADS active site was amplified only in A. annua, A. aucheri and A. chamaemelifolia. The negative results obtained with other species could be due to some sequence alteration, such as point mutations or INDELs. We propose A. aucheri and A. chamaemelifolia as two potential candidate species for further characterization, breeding and transferring am1 gene for artemisinin overproduction.     

固相微萃取-GC-MS法分析火麻仁挥发油的化学成分

目的:分析火麻仁挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法分析火麻仁挥发油化学成分,用峰面积归一化法测定各化学成分的相对百分含量。结果:共分离出54个组分,鉴定了41个组分,其相对含量占挥发油组分总含量的90.07%。结论:本方法快速方便、样品用量少、富集组分多,是一种无需溶剂的环保型分析方法,适用于挥发油的化学成分分析。