Diverticulum of the right ventricle associated with ventricular septal defect

A true diverticulum of the ventricle is a very rare congenital cardiac lesion which is characterized by a normal myocardial wall and active participation in the ventricular contractions. Diverticula of the right ventricle may originate from the apical or anterosuperior wall. We report three patients with an anterosuperior diverticulum of the right ventricle associated with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect, one of whom additionally had obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. These patients presented clinically with symptoms related only to their associated defects. The right ventricular diverticulum was diagnosed by angiography in all, but was also seen on cross-sectional echocardiography in one patient. The ventricular septal defect was repaired through an incision of the diverticulum, which was reduced in size at the same time. Complete resection appears necessary only if severe endocardial fibrosis is present within the diverticulum, because such a diverticulum does not contribute to right ventricular contraction, but rather is at risk of rupture.     

Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia associated with unrepaired double-chambered right ventricle.

Double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV) is a congenital anomaly characterized by the division of the ventricular cavity into two chambers separated by an abnormal hypertrophied muscular band or by severe hypertrophy of the muscle wall. Two adult patients with a diagnosis of DCRV presented sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. In both cases, the clinical tachycardia was induced with programmed stimulation. After surgically resecting, the muscular band tachycardia could no longer be induced in the patient who underwent follow-up electrophysiological study. The outcome was favourable; there was no clinical recurrence of ventricular tachycardia in the two patients at 48 and 36 months, respectively.     

Surgery for ventricular tachycardia associated with right ventricular dysplasia: disarticulation of right ventricle in 9 of 10 cases.

Ten patients (nine men, one woman; mean age 39 years) with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia underwent surgery to control life-threatening drug refractory ventricular arrhythmias. All had ventricular tachycardia causing syncope and six had a history of cardiac arrest. In all a minimum of three antiarrhythmic drugs (mean five) had been ineffective. At operation, the right ventricle was grossly diseased in all patients. Ventricular tachycardias were induced and mapped intraoperatively in all patients. The surgical plan was to ablate the arrhythmogenic focus if it was less than 4 cm2; one patient was so managed. Of the remaining nine, four underwent partial (approximately 40% of the right ventricular free wall) and five underwent total right ventricular disarticulation. All survived the operation and are alive at a mean follow-up interval of 24 months (range 5 to 67). Two patients developed new sustained ventricular tachycardias. These were well tolerated and, unlike the original arrhythmias, were easily controlled by drug treatment. All patients who underwent right ventricular disarticulation manifested signs of right heart failure in the early postoperative period, but these lessened progressively with the development of systolic septal movement into the right ventricular cavity. All 10 patients are in New York Heart Association class I or II at last review. In selected patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, surgery offers a curative treatment for ventricular tachycardia and should be considered for patients whose arrhythmias are life-threatening and refractory to drug treatment.     

右心室中位间隔与右心室心尖部起搏对照研究

目的 评价右室中位间隔起搏方法的可行性和安全性.方法 纳入2009年11月至2010年6月需植入永久性心脏起搏器患者42例,随机分配入右心室间隔部起搏组(RVSP)21例,右心室心尖部起搏组(RVAP)21例.记录术中曝光时间、导线植人参数、心电图和术后心电图、彩色多普勒及术后3个月随访的一般资料、明尼苏达心力衰竭生活...     

右室高位室间隔与心尖部起搏对心室收缩同步性和心功能的影响

目的探讨右室高位室间隔(HRVS)与右室心尖部(RVA)起搏对心室收缩同步性和心功能的影响及其机制,为右室高位室间隔起搏的临床应用提供理论基础。方法将具有行永久性双腔心脏起搏器植入术指征的77例患者,根据心室起搏电极植入部位的不同,随机分为HRVS起搏组(40例)和RVA起搏组(37例)。分别于术前、术后3个月和术后18个月,通过询问病史、查体、心电图和超声心动图检查对患者的一般临床状况、QRS波群时限(QRSd)、左右室射血前时间差值(LRVPEI)、室间隔与左室后壁收缩延迟时间(SPWMD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)进行观察随访。同时运用起搏器程控仪对患者术后3个月和18个月的起搏房室间期、心室起搏比例等起搏相关参数进行监测和调控。最后对两组患者的上述指标进行对比研究和统计学分析。结果两组患者一般临床特征及术前各项观察指标均无明显差别。术后3个月时,两组患者起搏相关参数均无显著差别(P<0.05),△HRVS起搏组的△QRSd、△LRVPEI和△SPWMD均明显小于RVA起搏组(P<0.05),LVEF无显著差别(P<0.05)。术后18个月时,两组患者间起搏相关参数没有明显差别,△QRSd、△LRVPE...     

Absent right precordial R waves are associated with reduced left ventricular function and poor prognosis in patients with aortic stenosis

Right precordial Q waves can be present in patients with aortic stenosis as well as in those with anterior myocardial infarction. In order to evaluate the relationship of right precordial Q waves to left ventricular function and prognosis in patients with aortic stenosis, we studied 49 such patients with no history of myocardial infarction, by means of ECG, clinical history and echocardiography. 15 (31%) patients had Q waves in both V1 and V2 and 34 (69%) did not. There were no differences in age (77+/-9.0 years vs. 78+/-9.7), follow-up time (15+/-9.0 months vs. 18+/-10), gender (female:male 8:7 vs. 15:19), aortic valve gradient on Doppler (70.0+/-20 mmHg vs. 71+/-20) and left ventricular mass (360+/-118 g vs. 320+/-80) between the two groups (all P=NS). Left ventricular shortening fraction (22+/-9.0% vs. 28+/-8.5, P<0.05), ejection fraction (51+/-15% vs. 62+/-12, P<0.01) and circumferential fibre shortening (0.8+/-0.3 circ/s vs. 1.0+/-0.3, P<0.0s) were all significantly reduced in patients with right precordial Q waves compared to those without. During a mean follow-up of 1.5 years, 9 out of 15 (60%) patients with right precordial Q waves died compared with only 5 out of 34 (15%) patients with a normal QRS pattern died (P<0.01). In summary, a right precordial QS ECG pattern is present in nearly 1/3 patients with aortic stenosis and is associated with impaired left ventricular systolic function and adverse prognosis.     

Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm with a fistula to right ventricle

A 68-year-old woman with a history of anterior myocardial infarctionpresented, as mechanical complication, an apical ventricularseptal defect that was repaired surgically. Some years