正常范围低血钾浓度与糖代谢异常的相关性分析

目的研究正常范围血钾浓度偏低与糖代谢异常的相关性。方法 2010年3月至7月选取上海郊区社区40岁以上常住居民2515名。所有参加者均进行问卷调查,身高、体重、腰围、血压等体格检查和75 g无水葡萄糖口服耐量试验(oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT),并检测血钾、血糖、胰岛素和肝肾功能等。结果 (1)正常血钾水平,随着血钾浓度降低,OGTT 2 h血糖、OGTT 2 h胰岛素、收缩压逐渐增高,且差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。(2)在正常血钾浓度范围内,与血钾偏高组(5.1～5.5 mmol/L)相比,血钾偏低组(3.5～4.0 mmol/L)中糖代谢异常的患病风险增高,OR(95%CI)为1.61(1.04～2.48);校正相关混杂因素后,低血钾与糖代谢异常的患病风险仍然相关,OR(95%CI)为1.98(1.11～3.52)。结论 40岁以上人群中,正常范围内的血钾偏低与糖代谢异常显著相关。     

上海城镇人群EZSCAN-糖尿病风险评分与2型糖尿病的相关性研究

目的探讨EZSCAN-糖尿病风险评分在未明确糖代谢状态的人群中与2型糖尿病的相关性。方法 2010年3月至7月抽取上海嘉定地区菊园社区40岁以上无糖尿病病史常住居民1479名,进行问卷调查、体格检查和75 g葡萄糖耐量(OGTT)试验,检测空腹血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)和OGTT2 h血糖等,进行EZSCAN-糖尿病风险评估系统检测。结果 (1)按照EZSCAN的风险评分分为正常组(166例)、糖代谢异常低风险组(821例)和糖代谢异常高风险组(492例)。随EZSCAN风险评分的增加,空腹血糖、OGTT 2 h血糖、空腹胰岛素、稳态胰岛素评价指数(HOMA-IR)、HbA1c均显著增加,差异有统计学意义;(2)与正常组相比,在没有校正其他变量时,糖代谢异常低风险组糖尿病的患病危险度升高,OR(95%C I)为1.90(1.10~3.28);糖代谢异常高风险组糖尿病的患病危险度升高,OR(95%C I)为1.51(1.14~2.00);EZSCAN-糖尿病风险评分每升高10%,患糖尿病的危险度上升10%[OR 1.10,95%C I(1.03~1.17)]。校正年龄、性别、BM I、腰围、收缩压、舒张压、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇等混杂因素后,该相关性依然存在。结论在40岁以上的上海市城镇居民中,EZS-CAN-糖尿病风险评分与患2型糖尿病的危险度独立相关。     

新诊断2型糖尿病患者葡萄糖耐量试验与糖化血红蛋白水平的相关分析

目的 对比分析新诊断2型糖尿病及糖尿病前期患者口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)与糖化血红蛋白(HbAIc)水平变化的特点及影响因素. 方法 按照OGTT结果将受检者分为糖耐量正常组(正常组):31例,年龄29～75岁,平均(48.4±15.3)岁;空腹血糖受损组(血糖受损组):33例.年龄38～72岁,平均(50.8±9.8)岁;糖耐量受损组:34例,年龄33～74岁,平均(54.5±11.4)岁;2型糖尿病组(T2DM组):117例,年龄29～75岁,平均(54.3±14.1)岁.采用OGTT试验、HbAlc结果评价糖代谢状态,胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-E)、OGTT 30 min胰岛素分泌增值与血糖增值比值(△I30/△G330)、胰岛素分泌曲线下面积(AUCINS)及胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)分别反映胰岛β细胞分泌功能和胰岛素抵抗情况. 结果 (1)T2DM、糖耐量受损组和正常组HbAlc分别为7.41%、5.85%和5.21%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),T2DM、糖耐量受损组和血糖受损组HOMA-β指数与正常组比较,分别下降了53.1%(P<0.01)、29.3%(P<0.01)和23.4%(P<0.05),T2DM组HOMA-IR分别是正常组的1.66倍(P<0.01)、血糖受损组的1.29倍(P<0.001)和糖耐量受损组的1.44倍(P<0.05);(2)HbAIc与糖负荷后3 h血糖水平相关性最高(r=0.71,P<0.01),且独立相关;△I30/△G330与糖负荷后1 h和2 h血糖水平独立负相关(P<0.01);AUCINS只与糖负荷后3 h血糖水平独立负相关(P<0.01);HOMA-β与2 h以外的其他各点血糖独立负相关(P<0.01);HOMA-IR与OGTT各点血糖水平均呈正相关(P<0.01或P<0.05);三酰甘油与空腹血糖独立正相关(P<0.05),腰围与1/2 h血糖独立正相关(P<0.01).OGTT试验血糖水平变化的独立相关因素依次为△I30/△G330、AUCINS、HOMA-β、HOMA-IR和腰围.HbAlc水平的独立相关因素是OGTT 3 h血糖变化. 结论 在2型糖尿病、糖耐量低减及正常等不同糖代谢状态人群中,HbAlc水平存在差异,当HbAlc>8.0%时,OGTT试验、血糖、胰岛素水平或曲线下面积均不能反映出病情差别和变化的显著性.     

负荷后1小时血糖与老年男性高血压患者颈动脉内中膜厚度的相关性

目的 探讨口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)1 h血糖(1 hPG)升高与老年男性原发性高血压患者动脉硬化的相关性.方法 将126例老年男性原发性高血压患者根据OGTT结果分为1hPG正常的正常糖耐量组、1 hPG升高组、糖耐量异常组和糖尿病组,比较不同组间各代谢指标及颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT).结果 1 hPG升高组1 hPG(12.0±1.1)mmol/L与糖尿量异常组(11.1±1.8)mmol/l,相似,高于正常糖耐量组(9.1±1.4)mmol/L(P<0.01),低于糖尿病组(P<0.01);IMT值在4组内递增(P<0.05),1 hPG升高组IMT值为(1.02±0.12)mm;1 hPG为颈动脉IMT的独立相关因素(P<0.01).结论 男性高血压人群1 hPG升高较糖耐量异常更早出现,与动脉硬化相关.     

不同糖耐量者血清游离脂肪酸与胰岛素抵抗的关系

以口服糖耐量试验(OGTT)确定受试者为正常人,糖耐量低减(IGT)和2型糖尿病,并测定空腹和OGTT 2h的游离脂肪酸(FFA)、血糖和胰岛素浓度,计算胰岛素敏感指数(IAI)。2型糖尿病和IGT患者的空腹和OGTT 2 h FFA、血糖和胰岛素浓度均明显高于正常组(均P<0.05),IAI均明显低于正常对照组(均P<0.01)。空腹及OGTT 2 h FFA与IAI之间呈显著负相关(分别为r=-0.38,P<0.01和r=-0.32,P<0.05),体重指数与IAI呈显著负相关(r=-0.39,P<0.05)。上述结果提示脂毒性在2型糖尿病的发病机制中有重要作用。     

新疆维吾尔族和汉族人群糖尿病及代谢综合征患病调查

目的:了解本地区维吾尔族和汉族居民糖尿病、高血压、肥胖、血脂异常及代谢综合征的患病情况。方法:采用整群随机抽样方法在新疆克拉玛依市胜利社区抽取40～75岁常住居民,进行问卷调查、体格检查和口服75 g葡萄糖耐量试验,检测空腹血糖(FPG)、血脂、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、餐后0.5 h(0.5hPG)和2 h血糖(2hPG)等。结果:在完成的2 000名调查者中,有效调查1 991名,其中汉族1 214名,维吾尔族777名。①两民族之间年龄、舒张压、总胆固醇没有差异。维吾尔族体质量指数(BMI)、腰围、收缩压、FPG、0.5hPG、2hPG、HbA1c、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇均显著高于汉族(均P<0.01);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、三酰甘油水平显著低于汉族(P<0.01)。②维吾尔族脂代谢异常患病率与汉族相比无差异,维吾尔族高血压、超重或肥胖、代谢综合征、糖尿病患病率显著高于汉族(均P<0.05)。结论:维吾尔族的糖尿病、高血压、肥胖、血脂异常、代谢综合征等患病情况与汉族不同,其肥胖、高血压、代谢综合征及糖尿病的患病率较高,防控任务更为艰巨。     

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白相关蛋白1与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的观察不同糖代谢人群血清胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白相关蛋白1(IGFBP-r P1)水平的变化,探讨IGFBPrP1与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系。方法选取该院2010年1月—2015年12月新发2型糖尿病组68例(T2DM组),糖调节受损组41例(IGR组),正常对照组50名(NGT组)。分别测定血清IGFBP-rP1及相关代谢指标。结果 (1)血清IGFBP-r P1水平,T2DM组、IGR组较NGT组明显上升,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。(2)Spearman相关性分析显示:IGFBP-r P1与体重指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINs)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)呈正相关,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01),与腰臀比(WHR)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)呈负相关。结论 2型糖尿病及糖调节异常人群血清IGFBP-rP1水平明显上升,且与胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)密切相关,提示IGFBP-rP1与2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的发生发展有关,并可作为2型糖尿病检测的血清学指标。     

正常血糖-高胰岛素血症人群的临床特点和向糖尿病转变的趋向

目的 探讨正常血糖-高胰岛素血症(NGT-HINS)人群向糖尿病的转归及影响因素.方法 分别于2006年5月和2008年5月对北京市某单位整体人群进行年度体检并行糖尿病筛查.由专门人员对调查人群进行体检和病史问询,除确诊糖尿病者外统一行口葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTF),检测空腹和2 h血糖(FPG、2hPG)、胰岛素,以评价糖代谢水平.高胰岛素血症(HINS)以空腹胰岛素≥15 mIU/L和(或)服糖后2 h胰岛素≥80 mIU/L判定.结果 2006年和2008年该单位NGT-HINS检出率分别为5.28%和8.76%(P<0.01);2006年糖尿病(DM)、糖调节受损(IGR)的检出率分别为3.52%、6.56%,2008年分别为4.42%、6.47%.2008年在652例复检人群中NGT-HINS转为IGR和DM的分别为18.6%和2.3%,高于正常血糖-正常胰岛素(NGT-NINS)人群的5.4%(P<0.01)和0.7%;但NGT-HINS人群转为DM的百分率仍低于IGR人群转为DM者(26.3%,P<0.01).2006年NGT-HINS人群的腰围、BMI、FPG、2hPG、TG高于NGT-NINS人群(P<0.01),HDL-C低于NGT-NINS人群(P<0.01);校正胰岛素抵抗后的胰岛细胞功能(HBCI/IR)低于NGT-NINS人群(P<0.01),但高于IGR人群(P<0.01).logistic回归分析显示,年龄、TG、HBCI/IR是影响NGT人群转归的危险因素.结论 NGT-HINS人群转为糖代谢异常的百分率明显高于NGT-NINS人群,与其合并代谢危险因素增加、胰岛β细胞功能下降有关.糖尿病早期防治应关注NGT-HINS人群.     

早期胰岛素分泌降低是正常血糖人群糖代谢异常的主要危险因素

目的 评价早期胰岛素分泌降低及胰岛素抵抗在糖代谢异常发病中的作用,探讨正常血糖人群发生糖代谢异常的主要危险因素.方法 对来自78个2型糖尿病家系的成员进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT),选择其中年龄在30岁以上的糖耐量正常(NGT)人群[空腹血糖(FPG)<6.1mmol/L,糖负荷后2h血糖(2hPG)<7.8 mmol/L]共118人进行随访,在4-7年后复查OGTT,确定其糖代谢状态,分别以糖负荷30min净增胰岛素与净增葡萄糖的比值(AINS30/APG30)评估早期胰岛素分泌能力,以稳态模型法胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)估测胰岛素抵抗状况,以稳态模型法β细胞功能指数(HOMA-B)估测B细胞功能,分析其对糖代谢状态转归的影响.结果 来自78个2型糖尿病家系的118人NGT人群随访4～7年后,66人仍为NGT,52人出现糖耐量恶化,其中糖尿病11人,糖尿病前期41人.分别以HOMA-IR及AINS30/APG30的中位数为切点将这118人人群分4组,4组中糖代谢异常的发生率分别为23.1%、36.4%、45.5%、73.1%,早期胰岛素分泌降低且胰岛素抵抗较重者糖代谢异常发生率较高(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示基线时早期胰岛素分泌能力与糖耐量恶化的发生呈明显负相关,而年龄、性别、胰岛素抵抗状况、β细胞功能均与糖调节受损的发生无显著相关性.结论 早期胰岛素分泌降低是正常血糖人群发生糖代谢异常的主要危险因素.     

前清蛋白与代谢综合征及胰岛素抵抗相关性的人群研究

目的:在社区人群中探讨前清蛋白与代谢综合征及胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法:按照整群抽样的方法选取上海市嘉定区社区40岁以上居民共2 446名,采集受试者基本信息并测量相关人体学指标,测定血脂、血糖、前清蛋白等生化指标。根据2001年美国国家胆固醇教育计划成人治疗组第3次报告(NCEP-ATPⅢ)诊断标准定义代谢综合征。Pearson相关分析前清蛋白与代谢综合征各个组分以及胰岛素抵抗的相关性。Logistic回归分析前清蛋白与代谢综合征的患病风险之间的关系。结果:随着前清蛋白水平的增加,体质量指数、腰围、三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、收缩压、舒张压、空腹胰岛素浓度均升高(均P<0.01),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇降低(P     

Elevated serum γ-glutamyltransferase predicts the development of impaired glucose metabolism in middle-aged and elderly Chinese

The aim of this article is to prospectively investigate the association of the liver enzyme γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) with the development of diabetes and impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a Chinese population. Seven hundred and sixty normoglycaemic subjects aged 40?years or older randomly selected from an urban community of Shanghai received a baseline investigation in May 2005. The participants were invited to receive a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in November 2008. Incident diabetes and IGR were determined according to the 1999 WHO criteria. Serum GGT levels were significantly associated with incident diabetes or combined diabetes and IGR prospectively. After extensive adjustment, the diabetes risk was significantly increased with incrementing serum GGT quartiles (P value for trend?=?0.0027). As compared with the lowest quartile of GGT, the highest quartile had an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.30 (95% CI 1.03-1.65) for developing combined diabetes and IGR. Furthermore, a high serum GGT level at baseline was independently associated with an increase in the index of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at follow-up. Serum GGT concentration, even within its normal range, is a risk marker for developing impaired glucose metabolism in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.     

Serum and dietary magnesium and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

BACKGROUND: Experimental studies in animals and cross-sectional studies in humans have suggested that low serum magnesium levels might lead to type 2 diabetes; however, this association has not been examined prospectively. METHODS: We assessed the risk for type 2 diabetes associated with low serum magnesium level and low dietary magnesium intake in a cohort of nondiabetic middle-aged adults (N = 12,128) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study during 6 years of follow-up. Fasting serum magnesium level, categorized into 6 levels, and dietary magnesium intake, categorized into quartiles, were measured at the baseline examination. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined by self-report of physician diagnosis, use of diabetic medication, fasting glucose level of at least 7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL), or nonfasting glucose level of at least 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL). RESULTS: Among white participants, a graded inverse relationship between serum magnesium levels and incident type 2 diabetes was observed. From the highest to the lowest serum magnesium levels, there was an approximate 2-fold increase in incidence rate (11.1, 12.2, 13.6, 12.8, 15.8, and 22.8 per 1000 person-years; P = .001). This graded association remained significant after simultaneous adjustment for potential confounders, including diuretic use. Compared with individuals with serum magnesium levels of 0.95 mmol/L (1.90 mEq/L) or greater, the adjusted relative odds of incident type 2 diabetes rose progressively across the following lower magnesium categories: 1.13 (95% CI, 0.79-1.61), 1.20 (95% CI, 0.86-1.68), 1.11 (95% CI, 0.80-1.56), 1.24 (95% CI, 0.86-1.78), and 1.76 (95% CI, 1.18-2.61) (for trend, P = .01). In contrast, little or no association was observed in black participants. No association was detected between dietary magnesium intake and the risk for incident type 2 diabetes in black or white participants. CONCLUSIONS: Among white participants, low serum magnesium level is a strong, independent predictor of incident type 2 diabetes. That low dietary magnesium intake does not confer risk for type 2 diabetes implies that compartmentalization and renal handling of magnesium may be important in the relationship between low serum magnesium levels and the risk for type 2 diabetes.     

Antihypertensive drugs as predictors of type 2 diabetes among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

Aims: to examine the incidence rate of progression to Type 2 diabetes and baseline prognostic risk factors, focusing on hypertension and antihypertensive medication, in a cohort (n=207) with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Methods: after 2 and 4.6 (1.9–6.4) years new cases of diabetes were diagnosed by the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Hypertension (BP 160/95 or antihypertensive medication) was included in multiple regression analyses to assess the effect of risk factors on the development of diabetes. Results: diabetes developed in 32 subjects (19%), an incidence of 41/1000 (95% CI 28–57/1000) person-years. In univariate analyses, progression to diabetes was associated with a high (>9.0 mmol/l) 2-h OGTT value (P=0.008), a high fasting insulin (>12.0 mU/l) level (P=0.000), a high triglyceride (≥1.3 mmol/l) level (P=0.028), a high BMI (≥28.0 kg/m²) (P=0.013) and hypertension (P=0.003). The risk for the development of diabetes was not increased in hypertensive subjects without antihypertensive medication compared with normotensive subjects (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.3–2.6). However, it was increased in subjects with on medication, especially diuretics alone or in combination with other drugs. Hypertensive subjects on diuretics had higher levels of fasting insulin and triglycerides and higher BMIs at baseline than normotensive subjects. After adjustment for 2-h OGTT, fasting insulin, triglycerides and BMI, the OR for diabetes was 7.7 (95% CI 2.1–28.2) in hypertensive subjects using diuretics alone or in combination with other drugs and 2.6 (95% CI 1.0–6.7) in those using other drugs compared with normotensive subjects. The OR of diabetes corresponding to a one-unit increase in the 2-h OGTT concentration was 2.5 (95% CI 1.6–4.0) in the whole cohort. Conclusions: the rate of progression from IGT to Type 2 diabetes in this population was similar to that seen in other studies among Caucasian populations. The use of antihypertensive medication, especially diuretics, and a high 2-h OGTT level were significant predictors of subsequent deterioration to diabetes.     

Normal fasting plasma glucose and risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: the Isfahan Diabetes Prevention Study

AIM: To determine the association of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level within normal range and the risk of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in an Iranian population. METHODS: A total of 806 first-degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with type 2 diabetes who had FPG levels less than 5.6 mmol/l (100 mg/dl) in 2003 to 2005, and who did not have diabetes or impaired fasting glucose (IFG), were followed through 2010 for the occurrence of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. At baseline and through follow-ups, participants underwent a standard 75 g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS: The incidence of type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and IFG was 9.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.8-12.4), 28.7 (23.8-33.6), and 33.0 (27.7-38.2) per 1,000 person-years based on 4,489 person-years of follow-up, respectively. FPG was associated with the incidence of diabetes, IGT, and IFG. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for diabetes, IGT, and IFG were 1.36 (1.01-1.84), 1.45 (1.10-1.91) and 1.31 (1.00-1.71), for the highest quintile of FPG compared with the lowest quintile, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in FPG in the normal range is associated with an increase in the incidence of IGT, IFG, and type 2 diabetes. These results prove FPG in the normal range to be useful in identifying apparently healthy FDRs of patients with type 2 diabetes at risk of developing prediabetes and diabetes.     

Early and late insulin response as predictors of NIDDM in Pima Indians with impaired glucose tolerance

Summary Risk factors predicting deterioration to diabetes mellitus were examined in 181 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. Fifty-seven subjects had impaired glucose tolerance on one occasion followed by normal glucose tolerance at a repeat oral glucose tolerance test, and 124 subjects had impaired glucose tolerance on two successive oral glucose tolerance tests. Subjects were followed for a median period of 5.0 years (range 1.0–17.2). The age- and sex-adjusted cumulative incidence of diabetes at 10 years of follow-up was higher in subjects who had impaired glucose tolerance on both tests (70%) than in those whose glucose tolerance was normal at the repeat test (53%), [rate ratio (RR)=1.6, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.0–2.5]. Proportional hazards analyses were used to identify baseline risk factors (measured at the repeat oral glucose tolerance test) for subsequent diabetes, and incidence rate ratios were calculated for the 90th percentile compared with the 10th percentile of each continuous variable for the whole group. In all subjects, in separate models, higher body mass index [RR=2.0, 95% CI=2.2–9.9], high fasting serum insulin concentrations [RR=2.4, 95% CI=1.4–4.2], and low early insulin response [RR=0.5, 95% CI=0.3–0.8] 30 min after a glucose load were significant predictors for deterioration to diabetes. In a multivariate analysis which controlled for age and sex, 120-min post-load glucose, fasting insulin and late insulin response predicted diabetes. In subgroup analyses the predictors of diabetes were generally similar in subjects who had impaired glucose tolerance at only one test and those who had impaired glucose tolerance on both tests. These findings suggest that in those subjects with impaired glucose tolerance whose glucose tolerance has returned to normal, the risk of subsequent diabetes is high. Insulin resistance, impaired early insulin response, or both, are predictive of subsequent development of diabetes in Pima Indians with impaired glucose tolerance.Abbreviations IGT Impaired glucose tolerance - OGTT oral glucose tolerance test - NGT normal glucose tolerance - CV coefficient of variation     

Relationship between serum magnesium levels and C-reactive protein concentration, in non-diabetic, non-hypertensive obese subjects

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between serum magnesium levels and C-reactive protein (CRP) in non-diabetic, non-hypertensive obese subjects. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: A total of 371 subjects, 101 men and 270 women. Of them 138 lean (37.2%), 133 (35.9%) overweight, and 100 (26.9%) were obese, matched by age. MEASUREMENTS: Fasting and 2 h serum glucose following a 75 g oral glucose load. Fasting serum total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin; and magnesium levels; urinary protein excretion; body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and blood pressure. RESULTS: The presence of CRP was documented in four (2.9%) lean, 13 (9.8%) overweight, and 20 (20.0%) obese subjects, and decreased magnesium levels (equal or less than 1.8 mg/dl), in 2 (1.45%) lean, 7 (5.2%) overweight, and 19 (19%) obese subjects. The lowest serum magnesium levels and the highest CRP concentrations were documented in the obese subjects. Twenty-three (82.1%) of the subjects with low serum magnesium (five overweight and 18 obese) showed CRP concentration equal or more than 10 mg/l. There was a graded significant decrease between CRP concentration and serum magnesium levels (r = -0.39, P = 0.002). The odds ratio (CI95%) between magnesium and CRP adjusted by age, sex, BMI and glucose tolerance status for the subjects within the low quartile of magnesium distribution was 2.11 (1.23-3.84). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that low serum magnesium levels are independently related to elevated CRP concentration, in non-diabetic, non-hypertensive obese subjects.     

Prediction of diabetes with body mass index, oral glucose tolerance test and islet cell autoantibodies in a regional population

Abstract. Rolandsson O, Hägg E, Nilsson M, Hallmans G, Mincheva‐Nilsson L, Lernmark Å (Umeå University, Sweden; and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA). Prediction of diabetes with body mass index, oral glucose tolerance test and islet cell autoantibodies in a regional population. J Intern Med 2001; 249: 279–288. Objective. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that a combination of markers for Type 1 diabetes (glutamate decarboxylase and IA‐2 autoantibodies) and for Type 2 diabetes [oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and body mass index (BMI)], would predict clinical diabetes in a regional population. Design. A population‐based follow‐up cohort study. Setting. Participants visited the primary health care centre in Lycksele, Sweden in 1988–92. Participants. A cohort of 2278 subjects (M/F 1149/1129) who were studied at follow‐up in 1998. At base line there were 2314 subjects (M/F 1167/1147) who participated in the Västerbotten Intervention Program on their birthday when turning either 30, 40, 50 or 60 years of age. Main outcome measurements. A clinically diagnosed diabetes at follow‐up when the medical records were reviewed for diagnosis of diabetes. At base line, the participants were subjected to a standard OGTT and their BMI determined along with the autoantibodies. Results. At follow‐up, 42/2278 (1.8%, 95% CI 1.2–2.3) (M/F 23/19) had developed diabetes: 41 subjects were clinically classified with Type 2 and one with Type 1 diabetes. There was no significant relation between autoantibody levels at base line and diabetes at follow‐up. Stepwise multiple logistic regression showed that the odds ratio for developing diabetes was 10.8 (95% CI 6.3–18.9) in subjects in the fourth quartile of BMI (BMI > 27) compared with 7.8 (95% CI 4.8–12.6) in the fourth quartile of 2‐h plasma glucose (>7.5 mmol L^?1) and 7.2 (95% CI 4.8–11.4) in the fourth quartile of the fasting plasma glucose (>5.6 mmol L^?1). Conclusion. Islet cell autoantibodies did not predict diabetes at follow‐up. BMI measured at base line was as effective as 2‐h plasma glucose and fasting plasma glucose to predict diabetes in this adult population.     

Serum uric acid associates with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in a prospective cohort of middle-aged and elderly Chinese

This study is to prospectively investigate the association between serum uric acid and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese. This study consisted of 924 non-diabetic adults aged 40 years or older at baseline. Subjects who received antidiabetic therapies and those who responded positively to the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test according to the 1999 World Health Organization criteria were diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes. Ninety-eight subjects developed type 2 diabetes during the 3.5-year follow-up. The hazard ratio (HR) for incident diabetes was 1.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-1.92] for the highest sex-specific quartile of serum uric acid compared with the lowest after controlling for confounders. Participants with hyperuricemia had an HR of 1.95 (95% CI 1.11-3.44) for incident diabetes compared with those without hyperuricemia. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile had an HR for incident diabetes of 2.45 (95% CI 1.39-4.33) in men and 1.39 (95% CI 1.04-1.84) in women after fully adjustment. Adding serum uric acid to a model of conventional risk factors for diabetes improved the area under the curve for prediction of type 2 diabetes by 5%. Serum uric acid was an independent predictor of incident type 2 diabetes in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.     

Likelihood of having isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia in an Iranian urban population

To identify subjects who would most likely benefit from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM), namely isolated postchallenge hyperglycemia (IPH) (i.e. FPG<126mg/dl and 2h-PG>or=200mg/dl), we evaluated data and results of OGTT of 9745 participants of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS), aged >20 years and without previously diagnosed DM. The overall prevalence of IPH was 3.1% (95% CI: 2.8-3.4%, n=302). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (OR) for IPH were statistically significant for FPG>or=100mg/dl (OR 9.5; 95% CI: 7.1-12.5), age >or=40 years (OR 2.6; 95% CI: 1.8-3.7), triglycerides >or=200mg/dl (OR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.6-2.7), hypertension (OR 2.0; 95% CI: 1.5-2.6) and abnormal waist circumference (OR 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.8). In subjects with FPG<126mg/dl, findings that best distinguished between IPH and non-diabetic subjects were FPG>or=100mg/dl [positive likelihood ratio (LR(+))=5.2], FPG>or=100mg/dl together with triglycerides >or=200mg/dl [LR(+)=9.7] and a combination of all the five factors [LR(+)=12.9]. This analysis showed that in Iranian urban subjects with FPG<126mg/dl, factors such as FPG>or=100mg/dl, older age, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and abnormal waist circumference were the best predictors of presence of IPH; OGTT would hence be recommended for opportunistic screening of IPH in subjects with above mentioned characteristics.     

Assessment of HbA1c as a diagnostic tool in diabetes and prediabetes

To evaluate HbA1c as a diagnostic tool in prediabetes-impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and newly detected diabetes (NDD), defined by plasma glucose and OGTT. 2,231 subjects, of mean age 50.3?±?13.9?years and mean BMI 29.5?±?6.2?kg/m(2), underwent an OGTT. HbA1c performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC). HbA1c was significantly higher in all groups with altered glucose tolerance-5.72?±?0.61% in IFG, 5.84?±?0.63% in IGT, and 7.5?±?1.69% in NDD when compared to normal glucose tolerance-5.23?±?0.65% (P?相似文献