TMB-8对去甲肾上腺素和BHQ引起新生大鼠单个脑细胞内游离钙增高的影响

应用AR-CM-MIC阳离子测定系统,研究TMB-8对体外新生SD大鼠单个脑细胞内游离钙的抑制作用及其机制。结果表明,在无细胞外钙情况下,静息[Ca²⁺]i为79±13nmol·L^-1。TMB-810,30μmol·L^-1能明显降低静息[Ca²⁺]i。TMB-8100μmol·L^-1对高钾去极化引起的[Ca²⁺]i显著增高无明显影响。在细胞外钙为1.3mmol·L^-1时,去甲肾上腺素诱导的细胞内[Ca²⁺]i升高可部分被TMB-8抑制;TMB-8(30μmol·L^-1)对BHQ引起的[Ca²⁺]i的升高无明显抑制作用。而当细胞外液[Ca²⁺]i为0时,TMB-8几乎完全抑制了去甲肾上腺素和BHQ的作用。提示TMB-8降低脑细胞内游离钙的作用机制是通过促使细胞内钙进入肌浆网以抑制内钙的释放,并通过饱和肌浆网内Ca²⁺间接地阻滞细胞膜钙通道。     

缺氧缺糖条件下大鼠脑皮质神经元内游离钙浓度的变化及神经生长因子的作用

以Fura-2/AM为细胞内钙离子的荧光指示剂,用双波长荧光分光光度计测定了缺氧缺糖时体外培养的大鼠胎鼠神经细胞内游离钙([Ca²⁺]i)的变化,并观察了神经生长因子(NGF)的影响。结果表明,脑皮质细胞缺氧缺糖培养16～24h时,细胞大量死亡。NGF剂量依赖地减少神经元缺氧缺糖培养24h时乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的释放,提高细胞生存力。细胞缺氧缺糖早期引起[Ca²⁺]i减少,而后期引起[Ca²⁺]i显著升高,导致细胞损害。NGF50μg·L^-1在缺氧缺糖早期提高[Ca²⁺]i到正常水平,降低后期[Ca²⁺]i的升高。提示,NGF通过稳定[Ca²⁺]i或降低后期的胞内钙升高保护了脑皮质神经元免受缺氧缺糖的损害。     

前胡丙素对培养大鼠心肌细胞内游离Ca2+的影响

用Fura-2/AM技术直接观察前胡丙素(Pra-C)对培养大鼠心室肌细胞内游离钙的影响。结果显示Pra-C浓度为0.1～1.0μmol·L^-1可明显抑制CaCl₂,高K⁺和Bay K 8644引起[Ca²⁺]i增加,并且有剂量—效应关系,对ouabain引起的[Ca²⁺]i增加无明显作用。结果提示Pra-C降低心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]i的作用与抑制电压依赖性钙通道有关。     

粉防己碱对胎鼠大脑细胞游离钙含量的影响

结果表明,粉防己碱(Tet)非常明显地阻断K+去极化导致的胎鼠大脑[Ca²⁺]i含量的增加。经不同浓度Tet处理的大脑细胞加入KCl后,[Ca²⁺]i含量仍基本维持在静息状态下水平。对[Ca²⁺]i的阻断程度与Tet浓度无关。Tet对L-谷氨酸(L-Glu)所致大脑[Ca²⁺]i升高亦有明显抑制作用。10^-7mol·L^-1浓度的Tet还降低BayK8644引起的[Ca²⁺]i上升高。Tet能抑制高K⁺,二氢吡啶类钙激动剂及兴奋性神经递质导致的胎鼠大脑[Ca²⁺]i含量增加,提示Tet对神经细胞损伤可能有一定保护作用。     

应用Fura-2/AM检测分离的神经细胞内游离钙及其变化

本文以酶法制备新生大鼠脑细胞悬液,运用近年来发展起来的Fura-2技术,检测此神经细胞内游离钙(以下简写为[Ca²⁺]i)及其变化。结果表明:在静息状态下,其[Ca²⁺]i为240±5nmol/L。高钾去极化可使[Ca²⁺]i成倍增加.钙拮抗剂verapamil和Ilifedipinc能阻断高钾升高[Ca²⁺]i的作用。实验结果证明了所制备的神经细胞悬液的可用性及建立的Fura-2测定[Ca²⁺]i方法的可靠性。     

阿米洛利对压力超负荷心肌肥厚大鼠心肌细胞内游离钙的影响

目的:观察阿米洛利预防性给药对压力超负荷心肌肥厚大鼠心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]i 影响。方法:以Fura-2/AM为指示剂,测定单细胞[Ca²⁺]i。结果:压力超负荷大鼠左室心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]i 升高,阿米洛利和依那普利组则[Ca²⁺]i 明显降低。给予KCl,NE刺激后,给药组左室心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]i 的增加值明显低于左室肥厚组,百日咳毒素(PTX,100 ng·L^-1) 处理5 h 后,其静息[Ca²⁺]i 无显著变化,但抑制NE诱导左室心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]i 升高,该作用在左室肥厚组更明显,对KCl 刺激引起的[Ca²⁺]i 升高,给药组无影响,左室肥厚组的升高值略有增加。结论:NE所致心肌细胞[Ca₂₊]i 升高与PTX敏感的G 蛋白有关,肥厚时此途径亢进。     

小檗碱对培养大鼠神经细胞内游离Ca2+的影响

以Fura-2/AM为细胞内钙离子的荧光指示剂,用AR-CM-MIC阳离子测定系统,直接测定了体外培养的新生大鼠神经细胞内游离钙([Ca²⁺]i)值,并观察了小檗碱(Ber)的影响。结果表明,Ber对神经细胞静息[Ca²⁺]i无明显影响,Ber1～100μmol·L^-1能剂量依赖地抑制去甲肾上腺素和H₂O₂引起的[Ca²⁺]i升高,其IC₅₀分别为39.9和17.9μmol·L^-1。高剂量Ber(10～100μmol·L^-1)能抑制高K+引起的[Ca²⁺]i升高。姐果提示,Ber对去甲肾上腺素,高K⁺及H₂O₂引起的[Ca²⁺]i升高的抑制作用可能是其抗脑缺血作用机制之一。     

眼睛蛇毒心脏毒素对大鼠心肌细胞收缩及细胞内钙离子的作用

目的研究眼睛蛇毒心脏毒素(Cardiotoxin,CTX)对心肌细胞的形态、收缩幅度和细胞内钙离子([Ca²⁺]_i)的作用。方法应用荧光计量法(以Fura-2/AM为荧光染料)及光学成像系统来测定单个心肌细胞[Ca²⁺]_i和收缩幅度。结果0.001～1μmol/L的CTX使心肌细胞由杆状变成圆形,药物的作用从第1分钟时开始,到第20分钟时趋于稳定。在电刺激存在的情况下,1μmol/L的CTX最初导致电诱导的[Ca²⁺]_i和收缩幅度瞬间增加,接下来[Ca²⁺]_i时程延长,最终细胞对电刺激不敏感、突然收缩、[Ca²⁺]_i持续增高。在缺乏电刺激的情况下,1μmol/L的CTX可诱导Ca²⁺震荡波、持续性[Ca²⁺]_i增高,这种作用与40mmol/L的KC l和10mmol/L咖啡因所引起的[Ca²⁺]_i瞬间增加不同。结论CTX作用初期使[Ca²⁺]_i增高,使细胞[Ca²⁺]_i超载,同时伴随细胞形状的改变。     

咖啡因对LY294002诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用

目的:研究咖啡因对LY294002 诱导的小脑颗粒神经元凋亡的保护作用。方法:DNA 断裂分析采用琼脂糖凝胶电泳法,[Ca²⁺]i 测定采用Fura-2 荧光技术,磷酸化c-Jun 分析采用免疫荧光法,c-Jun 含量和JNK 活性分析采用Western blot 法。结果:咖啡因对LY294002 诱导小脑颗粒神经元凋亡具浓度依赖性的保护作用,这种保护作用不依赖[Ca²⁺]i 的升高或cAMP的生物效应。咖啡因可抑制c-Jun 氨基末端激酶(JNK) 的活性,降低细胞内磷酸化c-Jun 的含量和c-Jun 的表达。结论:咖啡因可抑制JNK 活性,阻断c Jun 磷酸化及其介导的细胞凋亡信号转导系统,从而对LY294002 诱导小脑颗粒神经元凋亡具有保护作用。     

小檗碱对培养大鼠心肌细胞胞内游离Ca2+的作用

利用Fura-2技术和AR-CM-MIC阳离子测定系统,直接观察了小檗碱对培养大鼠心肌细胞胞内[Ca²⁺]i的影响。结果显示:小檗碱可明显升高心肌细胞静息[Ca²⁺]i且具饱合性,维拉帕米和CoCl₂对其有一定的抑制作用;小檗碱与高K⁺,高Ca²⁺,去甲肾上腺素,哇巴因合用比单用上述激动剂更能明显增高[Ca²⁺]i;维拉帕米对其有抑制作用;在胞外无外Ca²⁺和无外Ca²⁺,外K⁺,外Na⁺时,小檗碱30～200μmol·L^-1仍能升高静息[Ca²⁺]i,维拉帕米只对前者有一定抑制作用。结果提示:小檗碱可能通过促胞外Ca²⁺内流和胞内Ca²⁺释放等途径有限度地增高心肌细胞内游离Ca²⁺浓度,显示强心作用。     

Influx of extracellular calcium participates in rituximab-enhanced ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis in Raji cells

We have previously shown that rituximab has a significant radiosensitizing effect on Raji cells in vitro. To investigate whether calcium signals participate in rituximab- and radiation-induced cell death in Raji cells, confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to detect kinetic changes in intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]i). Cell survival, the rates of apoptosis in Raji cells and the kinetics of γ-H2AX foci induction and loss were also evaluated. X-irradiation of Raji cells induced an initial increase of [Ca²⁺]i in both the presence and absence of extracellular calcium, followed by a decrease in [Ca²⁺]i over time. Rituximab enhanced both the amplitude and the duration of intracellular calcium signals in the irradiated cells. EGTA significantly inhibited radiation- or radiation/rituximab combination treatment-induced apoptosis. However, the calcium chelators EGTA and BAPTA/AM conferred no survival advantage on the irradiated cells. Furthermore, although no significant difference was seen after 1 h, the treatment of cells with a combination of irradiation and rituxiamb caused an increase of γ-H2AX foci when compared with irradiated cells after 8 h. Both EGTA and BAPTA/AM suppressed the number of γ-H2AX foci induced by either radiation or radiation combined with rituximab. Our results suggest that rituximab increases the level of [Ca²⁺]i in irradiated Raji cells. The entry of calcium from the extracellular space plays an essential role in [Ca²⁺]i-dependent radiation-induced apoptosis in Raji cells. The calcium chelators inhibited the formation of γ-H2AX foci, which are thought to prevent the activation of Ca²⁺/Mg²⁺-dependent endonucleases and subsequent DNA fragmentation. The calcium chelators most likely modulate only particular features of apoptosis and fail to change the fates of cells that are already committed to die.     

神经生长因子对小鼠突触体内Ca2+水平的调节作用

观察了多次海马内微注射NGF对小鼠突触体内游离钙水平的影响,并在离体情况下观察NGF对EGTA和CaCl₂分别造成突触体内低钙和高钙状态的调节作用。结果如下:(1)在体实验表明,一定剂量的NGF可显著降低老年小鼠海马突触体内游离钙水平(P<0.05);(2)离体实验表明,当突触体游离钙水平降低时,适当剂量的NGF具有升高游离钙水平的作用;而突触体内游离钙水平升高时,则NGF有降低游离钙水平的作用。提示NGF对游离钙水平的双向调节作用可能是NGF改善老年性记忆衰退的作用机制。     

AMG-1对突触体内游离钙水平及大鼠尾动脉收缩力的影响

观察了AMG-1对高钾所致大鼠脑突触体内游离钙浓度[Ca²⁺]i升高,及去甲肾上腺素引起的离体大鼠尾动脉环收缩力的影响。结果表明,AMG-110和100μmol·L^-1可对抗高钾(30mmol·L^-1)引起的[Ca²⁺]i升高,使分别降低19±11%及57±12%;在无钙Krebs-Hensleleit液中,AMG-1能抑制去甲肾上腺素引起大鼠尾动脉收缩力的作用。     

INTRALYMPHOCYTIC FREE CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM IN STROKE-PRONE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS AND EFFECTS OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND VARIOUS ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS

1. Free Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]i) and Mg²⁺ ([Mg²⁺]i) were measured in peripheral lymphocytes from stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) at the age of 5, 7 and 17 weeks, from various antihypertensive agents-treated SHRSP, and from secondary hypertensive WKY. 2. At the age of 5 weeks, no difference was observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP), or lymphocyte [Ca²⁺]i and [Mg²⁺]i between SHRSP and WKY. At the age of 7 or 17 weeks, SBP and [Ca²⁺]i of SHRSP were significantly higher than in WKY, and at the age of 17 weeks, [Mg²⁺]i of SHRSP was significantly lower than in WKY. Further, [Ca²⁺]i or [Mg²⁺]i was positively or negatively correlated to SBP, and [Mg²⁺]i was negatively correlated to [Ca²⁺]i. 3. SBP of SHRSP fell significantly after antihypertensive treatment with calcium antagonist, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or hydralazine for 40 days. [Ca²⁺]i was significantly lower in calcium antagonist and hydralazine groups, and tended to be low in ACE inhibitor group. These four groups showed no difference in [Mg²⁺]i. 4. After 40-day administration of N^G-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA), WKY developed severe hypertension, but there were no significant differences in lymphocyte [Ca²⁺]i and [Mg²⁺]i between the l-NNA treated and non-treated groups. 5. These results suggested that increased lymphocyte [Ca²⁺]i and decreased [Mg²⁺]i observed in SHRSP are not only secondary to hypertension but possibly related to a basic genetic abnormality of divalent cation handling.     

四氢原小檗碱类药物对培养大鼠单个心肌细胞内游离Ca2+的影响

用Fura-2/AM技术和AR-CM-MIC阳离子测定系统,直接测定了四氢小檗碱(tetrahy-droberberine,THB)、左旋四氢巴马汀(l-tetrahydropalmatine,THP)和左旋千金藤立定(l-stepholidine,SPO)对培养大鼠单个心室肌细胞内游离钙([Ca²⁺]i)的影响,并与维拉帕米(Ver)做了比较。结果显示,THB,THP,SPD浓度为10～100μmol·L^-1时,均可使静息[Ca²⁺]i轻度升高,河豚毒素不能抑制之;浓度为1～100μmol·L^-1时,可明显抑制高K+引起的[Ca²⁺]i增高;30μmol·L^-1对胞外高Ca²⁺和去甲肾上腺素引起的[Ca²⁺]i增高也有明显的抑制作用,但均较Ver的抑制作用为弱;THPB对哇巴因引起的[ca²⁺]i升高无明显抑制作用。结果提示,THB,THP,SPD在抑制电压依赖性钙通道从而影响细胞膜[ca²⁺]i内流方面与Ver相似,但比Ver弱。     

NCX3 alleviates ethanol-induced apoptosis of SK-N-SH cells via the elimination of intracellular calcium ions

Long-term alcohol intake may cause nerve cell apoptosis and induce various encephalopathies. Previously, we have shown that the expression of Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger 3 (NCX3) was associated with the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and apoptosis, involved in the spatial memory impairment in male C57BL/6 mice with chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure. However, the mechanism involved is unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of NCX3 and its protective effect on SK-N-SH cells (a nerve cell line) after EtOH exposure. [Ca²⁺]i was measured using Fluo-3 AM reagent. Cell viability and the apoptotic rate were assayed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of p-cAMP-responsive element binding protein1(p-CREB 1), NCX3 protein, and mRNA were observed using Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-3, rabbit anti- poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and calpain-1 proteins were used to assess the degree of apoptosis. Our results showed that EtOH increased [Ca²⁺]i and apoptosis of SK-N-SH cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The expression of NCX3 protein and mRNA was up regulated obviously after SK-N-SH cells were treated with EtOH. The phosphorylation levels of Akt and CREB 1 were up regulated in cells treated with EtOH. The expression of NCX3 protein was reduced in the SK-N-SH cells treated with Akt phosphorylation inhibitor (LY294002). The [Ca²⁺]i and apoptosis rate of SK-N-SH cells increased 1.31-fold and 1.52-fold after silencing NCX3 compared with those treated with 200 mM EtOH alone for 2 d. In contrast, the [Ca²⁺]i and apoptosis rate of SK-N-SH cells decreased 0.26-fold and 0.35-fold after overexpression of NCX3 in the 2 d-200 mM EtOH treatment group. These results suggest that NCX3 plays a critical role in neuronal protection via the elimination of intracellular Ca²⁺, which may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of encephalopathy after ethanol exposure.     

Cytotoxic Action of tri-n-Butyltin on Dissociated Rat Cerebellar Neurones: A Flow-Cytometric Study

Abstract: The effects of tri-n-butyltin on cell viability and intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([CA²⁺]i) were examined by a flow cytometer in rat cerebellar neurones to reveal the contribution of tri-n-butyltin-induced increased in the [Ca²⁺]i to its cytotoxicity. Tri-n-Butyltin decreased the cell viability in association with increased [Ca²⁺]i at concentrations of 0.3 μM or more. Decrease or increase of the extracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]o) respectively decreased or increased the cell viability. However, cell viability in the presence of ionomycin which increased [Ca²⁺]i more significantly than tri-n-butyltin was higher than that in the presence of tri-n-butyltin. Tri-n-butyltin also decreased cell viability under nominally [Ca²⁺]o-free conditions although the [Ca²⁺]i increase by tri-n-butyltin was still lower than the control [Ca-⁺]i under normal [Ca²⁺]o (2 mM). Therefore, it is unlikely that neuronal death induced by tri-n-butyltin is entirely dependent on the tri-n-butyltin-induced increase in [Ca²⁺]i.     

Low osmolar contrast medium induces cellular injury and disruption of calcium homeostasis in rat glomerular endothelial cells in vitro

The mechanisms of contrast medium (CM)-induced renal impairment at cellular level are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxic effects of non-ionic low osmolar contrast medium (LOCM) on glomerular endothelial cells (GECs). Ioversol, the most representative LOCM used in clinic, was chosen to act on primary cultured rat GECs. When rat GECs were treated with various amount of ioversol, a dose-dependent reduction in cell viability was observed by tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay. After exposure to ioversol at dose of 100 μl/ml for 24 h, nuclear condensation, nuclear fragmentation, cell apoptosis and necrosis were found in GECs. The intracellular free Ca²⁺ concentrations ([Ca²⁺]i) detected by confocal laser scanning were markedly elevated in GECs treated with ioversol. The [Ca²⁺]i increase, LDH release and expression changes of apoptotic associated proteins in GECs induced by ioversol could be reversed by pretreatment with intracellular Ca²⁺ chelator, 1,2-bis (o-aminophenoxy) ethane-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid (BAPTA/AM). These results suggest that LOCM can decrease cell viability and cause cell injury of GECs. The elevation of [Ca²⁺]i released from intracellular calcium stores likely contribute to the LOCM-induced cell injury of GECs.