口内入路下颌角肥大弧形截骨术

目的　探索治疗下颌角肥大的一种新型截骨术。方法　我们根据下颌骨解剖结构及中国人的审美观对传统手术方法作了两点改进。一是一次性下颌角弧形截骨;二是不切除咬肌。手术操作由口内入路直视下完成。结果　１９９６ 年１２ 月～１９９７ 年１２ 月共完成３８ 例手术,随访３ ～１２ 个月,均取得良好的美容效果。结论　本法设计合理、操作简单、并发症少,更适合国人的审美观。     

改良的面部轮廓整形术在临床中的应用

目的 回顾性总结近20年来颧弓缩窄和下颌角截骨技术的演变及改进,通过比较各种手术方法,探索一套相对安全、有效、易操作的面部轮廓整形技术.方法 自1988年5月至2008年11月,对585例患者行颧弓缩窄术和下颌角截骨术.2002年之前采用文献报道的多种方法对颧弓及下颌角行截骨整形;2002年之后改进了截骨方法,采用楔形截颧骨法及斜形全厚下颌角和下颌下缘截骨法行面部轮廓整形.口内切口的颧骨复合体楔形截骨联合耳前颧弓不完全骨折截骨后,可将颧弓向内、向前移位,以达到缩窄中面部的目的 ;采用口内入路的下颌角和下颌下缘的斜彤全厚截骨,于下颌角截骨时,保持去除下颌角和下颌下缘的外板大于内板,以使术后面中下部轮廓较完美.并总结各类方法的手术指征、主要并发症等,比较改进后的楔形截颧骨法及斜形全厚下颌角和下颌下缘截骨法较之常规术式的优缺点.结果 口内切口入路在颧骨和下颌角整形中有明显的优势.楔形截颧骨法较常规的更有效、可靠.同时,接受斜形下颌角和下颌下缘截骨整形的患者获得了良好的疗效,而且术后并发症发生率较低.结论 楔形截颧骨法及斜形全厚下颌角和下颌下缘截骨手术是相对安全、有效且易掌握的改良的面部轮廓整形术式.     

局麻下口内入路双侧颧骨和下颌角截骨矫正方形脸畸形

目的：探讨双侧颧骨和下颌角截骨矫正方形脸畸形的手术效果。方法：针对颧骨和下颌角肥大引起的方形脸畸形，采用局部浸润麻醉、口内入路、双侧颧骨和下颌角截骨手术方法，一次或分二次手术矫正。结果：2003～2006年共施术25例，一次手术12例，二次手术13例。随访6～24个月，所有病例伤口愈合好，外观改善满意，无一例发生骨折、神经损伤、感染、大出血等并发症。结论：局麻下口内入路双侧颧骨和下颌角截骨矫正方形脸畸形手术方法设计合理、操作简便、并发症少，术后效果良好。     

3D打印技术在下颌角整形手术中的应用

目的探讨采用3D打印技术进行术前诊断、手术设计和手术导板制作在下颌角整形手术中的应用效果。方法 2016年1~10月,收治下颌角肥大患者26例。首先采集患者的3DCT扫描数据,应用3D打印技术打印与患者实体等大的上下颌骨模型。通过模型明确诊断,确定截骨线位置。利用模型进行截骨线设计,并制成手术导板,辅助指导截骨部位和大小。手术操作采用口内切口,在导板辅助下完成下颌角截骨过程。结果手术时间120~240 min,平均160 min。术后口内切口均一期愈合,无感染、血肿、口唇麻木等并发症发生;术后效果均满意。结论基于3DCT扫描数据的3D打印技术,有利于更精确地完成下颌角整形手术,保证手术的准确性和安全性。     

口内入路双直线截骨法矫治下颌角肥大

目的探讨口内入路双直线下颌角肥大截骨术的临床治疗效果.方法采用口内切口,以拟缩进的下颌角为基点,设计双直线截骨线,截骨后磨削残端骨面,矫治下颌角肥大.结果自2000年以来,完成手术86例,患者下颌角肥大均得到矫正,仅2例出现术后感染,经对症治疗后痊愈.随访1年,效果良好.结论口内入路双直线截骨法能安全有效地矫治下颌角肥大,是一种简单易行的好方法.     

不同方法治疗后咬肌厚度减少的比较研究

目的通过比较三种方法治疗后的咬肌厚度变化，评价不同方法在减少咬肌厚度中的应用价值。方法自2005年8月至2006年12月，对13例下面部缩窄整形患者，于术前应用B超检查，术后12周、24周测量咬肌厚度。结果下颌角截骨、下颌角截骨＋咬肌部分切除及下颌角截骨＋咬肌注射A型肉毒素三种治疗方法，术后24周，咬肌厚度平均减少2．637％、30．286％和36．878％。结论下颌角截骨＋咬肌注射A型肉毒素比下颌角截骨＋咬肌部分切除或单纯下颌角截骨手术能更有效地减少咬肌厚度。     

下颌角截骨面下部轮廓重塑的研究

目的:下颌角截骨是面型轮廓重塑中最常见的一种手术,为了提高手术的精确性,避免不必要的损伤,我们对各种下颌角截骨术操作技巧进行探讨.方法:术前进行面部测量、下颌骨曲面断层X线和头颅正侧位定位X线片投影测量,设计截骨线和去骨量,术式选择口内切口下颌角截骨术、口内切口下颌角外板矢状劈开截骨术、耳后切口下颌角截骨术、耳后和口内联合切口下颌角截骨术;结果:面下部过宽同时下颌角肥大者单纯下颌角截骨效果往往不会很理想,需要同时进行下颌角外侧骨板部分去除,减少面下部的宽度,206例术后两侧对称,效果良好;1例面瘫;2例下颌骨骨折,术中做内固定;3例下颌骨体部成角,3个月后第二手术将突出部分磨平.结论:术前测量设计下颌角截骨的术式和截骨线是十分必要的,根据下颌角肥大的不同类型选择相适应的截骨术式.     

口内入路双直线截骨法矫治下颌角肥大

目的 探讨口内入路双直线下颌角肥大截骨术的临床治疗效果.方法 采用口内切口,以拟缩进的下颌角为基点,设计双直线截骨线,截骨后磨削残端骨面,矫治下颌角肥大.结果 自2000年以来,完成手术86例,患者下颌角肥大均得到矫正,仅2例出现术后感染,经对症治疗后痊愈.随访1年,效果良好.结论 口内入路双直线截骨法能安全有效地矫治下颌角肥大,是一种简单易行的好方法.     

超声骨刀在下颌角肥大矫正术中的应用

目的 探讨超声骨刀在下颌角肥大矫正术各部位骨质截除的临床应用方法、效果和价值.方法 下颌角肥大美容就医者30例,其中男5例,女25例,均采用鼻插管全身麻醉,口内切口,骨膜下分离充分显露下颌骨,注意妥善保护颏神经,根据不同类型下颌角肥大的术前设计,用超声骨刀分别或同时进行下颌角截骨、下颌缘截骨、下颌骨外板劈除等操作.结果 超声骨刀可以完全截断下颌角骨质,顺利完成下颌角整形截骨的各项操作,比传统的刀锯更加精确,截骨曲线流畅.所有受术者均未出现血管、神经意外损伤及骨折现象,术后随访1年,截骨线条美观,外形稳定,形态效果满意.结论 采用超声骨刀进行下颌角肥大矫正术,可较好地提高手术精确度和安全性,但较传统刀具,超声骨刀截骨时间略长,必须熟悉与刀具不同的操作方式和手感.     

口内入路钻凿法截骨矫治下颌角肥大

目的:探讨口内入路钻凿法截骨矫治下颌角肥大的临床治疗效果。方法:采用口内切口,以拟缩进的下颌角为基点设计弧形截骨线,在其外侧用牙钻高速钻透并凿除下颌骨,然后沿弧线磨削残端骨面,矫治下颌角肥大。结果:自2002年以来完成手术106例,患者下颌角肥大均得到矫正。随访1年,效果良好。结论:口内入路钻凿法截骨能安全有效地矫治下颌角肥大,是一种简单易行的好方法。     

口内入路下颌角肥大弧形截骨术

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents a new method of osteotomy for the prominent mandibular angle (PMA). METHODS: Two modifications have been made to the conventional procedures. The first is the one-stage curved osteotomy of the mandibular angle. The second is non-resection of the masseter muscle. The surgical procedure has been performed through an intraoral approach with a direct field of vision. RESULTS: From December 1996 to December 1997, a total of thirty-eight patients suffering from PMA have been operated on by this method with satisfactory results. The follow-up is 3 to 12 months. CONCLUSION: This method is a very simple and ideal procedure with much less complications for surgical treatment of PMA.     

Intraoral One-Stage Curved Osteotomy for the Prominent Mandibular Angle: A Clinical Study of 407 Cases

Background Many Oriental people have a square face with a prominent mandibular angle. This article presents a good osteotomy method for the prominent mandibular angle (PMA). Methods Two modifications of the conventional procedures have been made. The first is a one-stage curved osteotomy for the mandibular angle. The second is nonresection of the masseter muscle. The surgical procedure has been performed using an intraoral approach with a direct field of vision. Results From October 1996 to December 2002, a total of 407 patients with PMA underwent surgery using this method with satisfactory results. The PMA osteotomy procedure was performed for only 248 patients. In addition, 29 patients received concurrent zygomatic reduction osteotomy, 38 patients underwent concurrent genioplasty, 41 patients had concurrent chin augmentation with excised PMA bone fragment, 2 patients received concurrent submental liposuction, and 39 patients underwent concurrent buccal fat pad resection. Conclusion The described method is a very simple procedure with fewer complications for the surgical treatment of PMA.     

Metaphyseal osteotomy for the treatment of tailor's bunions

There have been many surgical approaches described for the surgical treatment of tailor's bunions. The authors have been using a procedure that addresses both an elevated fourth to fifth intermetatarsal angle and an elevated lateral deviation angle, for the past 3 years. The metaphyseal osteotomy provides reliable correction of these two abnormalities and allows for uncomplicated rigid fixation.     

Reduction gonioplasty for the prominent mandibular angle. Report of 38 cases

The one-stage curved osteotomy of the mandibular angle without resection of the masseter was used for 38 patients suffering from prominent mandibular angle from december 1996 to november 1997 at our department of plastic and cranio-maxillo-facial surgery. The preoperative strategy and surgical procedure are described. These 38 cases had a low rate of complications and usually good cosmetic results. Technical refinements that have improved the results are analyzed. At the present time the one-stage curved osteotomy of the mandibular angle is a simple and more reliable method for the surgical correction of the prominent mandibular angle, which is preferred by us to the other techniques: resection of the masseter alone or with straight cutting of the mandibular angle, simple straight cutting of the mandibular angle, multistaged osteotomy of the mandibular angle.     

Technique of ulnar shortening

Ulnar shortening or recession is a common treatment for an expanding number of clinical indications. This procedure has become more reliably performed because of specialized equipment that permits the creation of 2 precise 45-degree osteotomy surfaces and a known amount of ulnar shortening. Further refinements in technique have facilitated compression of the osteotomy surfaces and application of an interfragmentary lag screw at a specified angle. More recently, advancements in technology have increased the surgical options available to the surgeon and have provided for a low-profile surgical plate that may be placed on either the ulnar subcutaneous border or the volar-ulnar surface. In addition, osteotomy widths ranging from 3.5 to 18.1 mm may be performed with the available equipment. The complication rate of ulnar shortening is very low, and the overall clinical success rate is encouragingly quite high.     

Deformity planning for sagittal plane corrective osteotomies of the spine in ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may lead to a severe fixed thoracolumbar kyphotic deformity (TLKD) of the spine. In a few patients, the TLKD is so extreme that a corrective osteotomy of the spine may be considered. Several authors have reported the results of patients treated by a lumbar osteotomy, but there is no consensus on the level of the osteotomy and on the exact degree of correction required. This can be explained by the lack of quantification of the sagittal plane deformity, since compensation mechanisms of the lower extremities have to be reckoned with for the assessment of spinal sagittal balance in AS. Therefore, there is a need for a method of deformity planning for sagittal plane corrective osteotomies of the spine in AS. In this study, a biomechanical analysis and a newly developed planning procedure are presented and illustrated with two cases of AS. Sagittal balance of the spine was defined in relation to the physiologic sacral end plate angle using trigonometric terms. Nomograms were constructed to show the relationship between the correction angle, horizontal position of the C7 plumb line and the level of the spinal osteotomy. The surgical results of two patients were retrospectively analyzed with our method. It showed that the effect of a spinal osteotomy on the horizontal position of the C7 plumb line depends on the combination of correction angle and the level of osteotomy. In one patient, the achieved correction of the deformity proved to correct the sagittal spinal balance and the pelvic sacral endplate angle. In the other patient, the achieved correction was not sufficient. It is concluded that adequate deformity planning for sagittal plane corrective osteotomies of the spine in AS is essential for reliable prediction of the effect of a lumbar osteotomy on the correction of the spine. Received: 17 January 2000 Revised: 12 May 2000 Accepted: 22 May 2000     

伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术对严重髋臼发育不良的治疗

目的 研究和分析使用伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术治疗严重髋臼发育不良的中期临床和影像学结果.方法 1997年10月至2002年12月对18例(20髋)严重髋臼发育不良(Severin分级Ⅳb级)的患者接受了伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术.患者手术时平均年龄21岁,平均随访时间6.2年.本组患者术前患髋均已出现疼痛,术前功能位片显示关节面吻合.术后影像学评价畸形的矫正范围,截骨处的愈合情况及关节炎的进展.临床结果和髋关节功能由Harris评分进行评价,术前Harris评分平均78.5分.结果 比较术前和术后X线片,外侧中心边缘角(CE角)、前方CE角和臼顶倾斜角均有显著改善.所有髂骨截骨均愈合.患者术后末次随访Harris评分平均91.1分.18例患者中的14例对手术效果表示满意.20髋中16髋临床结果优.但有5髋存在畸形矫正不足.结论 伯尔尼髋臼周围截骨术是治疗严重髋臼发育不良的有效术式.这一截骨术可以在各个平面对严重的骨缺损进行矫正,中期临床结果令人满意.