亚砷酸治疗复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤临床观察

目的观察亚砷酸治疗复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤的有效性和毒性。方法7例多发性骨髓瘤患者，均为应用亚砷酸10mg每天，连续应用15天，休息10天后进入下一疗程，每个病例至少应用两疗程；部分病例同时应用VitC静脉滴注。结果部分缓解1例，进步3例，无效3例；副作用轻微。结论亚砷酸治疗复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤安全有效，值得推广。     

三氧化二砷联合沙利度胺及维生素C治疗复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤疗效观察

多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是浆细胞克隆性恶性肿瘤，传统化疗和自体造血干细胞移植虽可取得一定疗效，但平均总生存期并没有得到明显提高，大多数患者将进展为难治性MM或疾病复发，目前仍被认为是不可治愈的疾病。近来研究表明：三氧化二砷（ATO）、沙利度胺（T）药或与化疗联合治疗复发难治性MM均有一定疗效。我们采用ATO联合沙利度胺及维生素C（VitC）治疗难治性或复发性MM患者14例，取得了较好疗效，现报告如下。     

三氧化二砷联合沙利度胺及维生素C治疗复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤疗效观察

多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是浆细胞克隆性恶性肿瘤,传统化疗和自体造血干细胞移植虽可取得一定疗效,但平均总生存期并没有得到明显提高,大多数患者将进展为难治性MM或疾病复发,目前仍被认为是不可治愈的疾病。近来研究表明[1-3]:三氧化二砷(ATO)、沙利度胺(T)药或与化疗联合治疗复发难治性MM均有一定疗效。我们采用ATO联合沙利度胺及维生素C(VitC)治疗难治性或复发性MM患者14例,取得了较好疗效,现报告如下。1临床资料14例患者中男10例,女4例,年龄53~72岁。病程7~28个月。全部病例均经临床、血清M蛋白、骨髓涂片及活检、X线检查等确诊。诊断…     

药物联合治疗难治性多发性骨髓瘤疗效观察

随着人口逐渐老龄化,多发性骨髓瘤（MM）在老年疾病中所占的比例越来越大,大多数患者的治疗仍以化疗为主,化疗方案多种多样,但左旋苯丙氨酸氮芥（商品名：马法兰）加醋酸泼尼松（商品名：强的松）,简称MP方案,仍被认为是初治患者的标准方案。然而临床上发现相当一部分患者采用MP方案化疗3～6个疗程不缓解或缓解后很快复发,为此我们采用MP＋沙利度胺治疗这类MM,并与采用其他化疗方案（VAD）治疗的患者同期进行比较,现报告如下。     

沙利度胺、地塞米松联合三氧化二砷、维生素C治疗难治性多发性骨髓瘤临床观察

目的 探讨沙利度胺、地塞米松联合三氧化二砷、维生素C治疗难治性多发性骨髓瘤的临床疗效。方法 44例难治性多发性骨髓瘤患者随机分为2组，各22例。治疗组应用沙利度胺开始剂量100mg口服，1次／晚，以后每周增加50mg，直至200mg，1次／晚维持；地塞米松lOmg静脉滴注，1次／d，第1～7天：三氧化二砷10mg加入500ml 5％葡萄糖溶液中静脉滴注，1次／d，第1～14天；维生素C 1．0g加入100ml 5％葡萄糖溶液中静脉滴注，1次／d，第1～14天（三氧化二砷静脉滴注结束后15min滴注）。对照组应用沙利度胺开始剂量100mg口服1次／晚，以后每周增加50mg，直至200mg，1次／晚维持；地塞米松10mg静脉滴注．1次／d，第1～7天。28d为1个疗程。3个疗程后评估疗效和毒副作用。结果 治疗组有效率为68．2％．对照组为45．5％，2组比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 沙利度胺、地塞米松联合三氧化二砷、维生素C治疗难活性多发性骨髓瘤疗效肯定，值得推广使用。     

米托蒽醌治疗难治性复发性多发性骨髓瘤疗效观察

多发性骨髓瘤 (MM)是浆细胞的恶性肿瘤 ,常见于老年人 ,为减轻心肌损害 ,提高疗效 ,我们以米托蒽醌 (MTZ)、长春新碱(VCR)、氟美松 (DXM)组成的 VMD方案治疗难治性及复发性MM13例 ,疗效满意 ,报道如下。1　临床资料和方法1.1　病例选择　 13例均系本院住院患者 ,男 8例 ,女 5例 ,年龄 45～ 6 8岁 ,中位数 5 9.5岁。初治时均经临床、骨髓细胞学、X线摄片、免疫球蛋白测定检查确诊为 MM。免疫分型 :Ig G8例 ,Ig A3例 ,Ig E、轻链病各 1例。难治性 MM4例 ,复发性 MM9例 ,13例皆符合难治性及复发性 MM的诊断标准[3] 。1.2　治疗观…     

达雷木单抗治疗复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤患者的观察和护理

总结4例复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤患者使用达雷木单抗治疗的护理。用药前全面评估患者;用药时严格按照方案进行配置、预处理及速度调整;首次用药时密切监测患者生命体征,加强巡视,及时发现输注相关反应等综合护理干预,取得了良好的效果。     

多发性骨髓瘤髓外复发研究进展

多发性骨髓瘤(MM)是一种浆细胞恶性增殖性疾病,以骨髓中克隆性浆细胞异常增生、积聚,并分泌单克隆免疫球蛋白或其片段(M蛋白)为特征。目前认为,MM仍是一种不可治愈的疾病。近年来MM患者髓外复发的发生率有上升趋势,尤其是在接受造血干细胞移植和新型靶向药物治疗后。本文重点就MM髓外复发的发病率和发病机制、髓外骨髓瘤细胞的特征及其对治疗的反应和预后的研究进展作一综述。     

硼替佐米联合地塞米松治疗16例复发、难治性多发性骨髓瘤患者

目的 观察硼替佐米联合地塞米松治疗复发、难治性多发性骨髓瘤（MM）患者的疗效和不良反应。方法16例复发、难治性MM患者，男性9例，女性7例，平均年龄57．5（40～77）岁。在为期3周的疗程内给予硼替佐米3．5mg静脉注射，第1，8天或1．3mg／m^2，第1，4，8和11天。每次使用硼替佐米之前给予地塞米松30～40mg静脉注射。每例患者接受1～4个疗程的治疗。采用EBMT标准观察疗效，并按NCICTCAE（第3版）标准判断不良反应。结果 中位随访6个月，14例（87．5％）患者对治疗有效，其中7例患者接近完全缓解，5例部分缓解，2例轻微反应，2例无变化。最常见的不良反应为胃肠道症状，存16例患者中，12例患者有不同程度的恶心或呕吐，3例出现便秘，3例发生严重腹泻，有8例血小板减少，另有3例乏力等，经对症治疗后均获缓解。结论 硼替佐米联合地塞米松是一种对复发、难治性MM的新的治疗选择，不良反应少。     

达雷妥尤单抗治疗复发/难治多发性骨髓瘤的疗效与安全性

目的:探讨达雷妥尤单抗治疗复发/难治多发性骨髓瘤（RRMM）的疗效与安全性。方法:回顾性分析2017年9月至2020年3月上海长征医院接受达雷妥尤单抗治疗的46例RRMM患者的临床资料。结果:所有RRMM患者均采用以达雷妥尤单抗为基础的方案进行治疗,其中Dd（达雷妥尤单抗+地塞米松）方案组8例,DRd（达雷妥尤单抗+来...     

PAD方案治疗复发或难治性多发性骨髓瘤

目的 探讨PAD(硼替佐米+阿霉素+地塞米松)方案治疗复发或难治性多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的疗效及安全性.方法 17例复发或难治性MM患者给予硼替佐米(1.3 mg/m2,第1、4、8、11天快速静脉注射)、阿霉素(10 mg/d,第1～4天静脉滴注)和地塞米松(40 mg/d,第1～4天静脉滴注)治疗2～8个疗程,疗效评估依据国际2006疗效反应标准,毒性分级按美国国立癌症研究院不良事件通用名(NCI CTCAE)v 3.0判断.结果 2～4个疗程PAD治疗后,14例(82.4%)患者获部分缓解(PR)以上疗效反应,其中完全缓解(CR)4例(23.5%),很好的部分缓解(VGPR)4例(23.5%),PR 6例(35.3%),疾病稳定(SD)3例(17.6%),中位疾病进展时间为9.5个月,获疗效中位疗程数为1.6(1～3)个.其中5例合并髓外浆细胞瘤患者首次给予PAD方案即达PR以上疗效,1～2个疗程后髓外病灶消失.治疗过程中发现血小板减少9例(52.9%),白细胞减少4例(23.5%),周围神经炎4例(23.5%),带状疱疹3例(17.6%),乏力6例(35.3%),腹泻2例(11.7%).以上不良反应经对症治疗后缓解或消失,1例患者于PAD治疗第5个疗程时发生进行性呼吸功能衰竭死亡.结论 PAD方案可有效治疗复发或难治性MM,特别对伴有髓外浆细胞浸润的MM患者效果更为显著,疗效与传统化疗预后因素无关,常见不良反应经对症治疗可缓解,少数患者发生呼吸功能衰竭可能与硼替佐米潜在的肺毒性有关.     

硼替佐米为主的联合方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤的临床观察

目的观察硼替佐米为主的联合方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤的疗效和安全性。方法多发性骨髓瘤患者15例,其中初治患者9例,复发难治者6例,采用至少2个疗程的硼替佐米(1.3 mg/m2,第l、4、8、11天),同时联合沙利度胺(100～200 mg/d)及地塞米松(20～40 mg/d,第1～4、8～11天)治疗,21 d为1个疗程。疗效判断参照国际骨髓瘤工作组(IMWG)标准,化疗相关不良反应参照WHO标准分级。结果 9例初治患者达完全缓解CR 3例(33.3%),非常好的部分缓解VGPR 4例(44.4%),部分缓解PR 2例(22.2%),总有效率为100%;6例复发难治患者达CR 1例(16.7%),VGPR 1例(16.7%),PR 2例(33.3%),疾病稳定(SD)1例(16.7%),疾病进展(PD)1例(16.7%),总有效率为83.3%。常见不良反应包括血小板下降10例(66.7%),白细胞减少7例(46.7%),胃肠道反应8例(53.3%),周围神经病变6例(40%),严重带状疱疹1例(0.07%),低血压1例(0.07%),经治疗均可耐受。结论硼替佐米为主的联合方案治疗初治及复发难治多发性骨髓瘤患者具有有效率高、耐受性好等优点,为多发性骨髓瘤患者治疗提供了一种全新的治疗方法。     

砷剂联合康力隆治疗MDS-RA

目的观察三氧化二砷（Arsenic trioxide ATO）联合康力隆治疗骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）的临床疗效。方法25例原发性难治性贫血（MDS-RA）患者，其中男15例，女10例，中位年龄39．5岁。治疗方案为ATO10mg/d（儿童酌量），静脉点滴给药，连用30d，继以每月给药15d，总疗程4个月，同时服用康力隆4～6mg／d。结果基本缓解8例（32％），部分缓解5例（20％），进步或稳定者5例（20％），无效者7例（28％）。结论ATO联合康力隆治疗原发性MDS—RA是有效的，且副作用轻微，总有效率达72％，值得进一步应用总结。     

Factors associated with infection events after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma

ObjectivesChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a new and effective method in relapsed or refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM). This study was aimed to explore the risk factors of infection events.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 68 patients with R/R MM who received CAR T-cell therapy at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from June 2017 to June 2021.35 patients received anti-CD19 combined with anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy and 33 patients received anti-BCMA CAR T-cell therapy alone.ResultsInfection events in patients who received ≥4 prior lines of treatment or with grade 3–5 cytokines released syndrome (CRS) mainly occurred within 4 months after CAR T-cell infusion(CTI). The duration of infection-free survival was positively correlated with progression-free survival of patients with R/R MM (R² = 0.962, p < 0.001) and the first infection event was closely accompanied by the disease relapse or progression. Treatment lines (p = 0.05), duration of ANC<500 cells/mm³ after CTI (p = 0.036), CRS grade (p = 0.007) and treatment response (p < 0.001) were the independent risk factors associated with infection for a multivariable model. The infection incidence was higher in patients with dual CAR T-cell therapy than with mono CAR T-cell therapy18 months after CTI although no statistic differences were observed within 18 months.ConclusionsInfections after CTI were closely associated with more lines of prior treatment, longer duration of ANC<500 cells/mm³, higher grade CRS and poor treatment response. Infections tended to occur in the early stage after CTI in patients with more lines of prior treatment and higher grade CRS.     

护理干预在沙利度胺治疗多发性骨髓瘤中的作用

目的观察沙利度胺治疗多发性骨髓瘤的疗效及毒副作用,探讨护理干预对其副作用的影响。方法将多发性骨髓瘤患者随机分为干预组和对照组,干预组采取认知干预、情绪干预、行为干预、健康教育等积极的全方位护理干预,对照组采取常规护理。两组均采用沙利度胺加VAD方案治疗。观察嗜睡、恶心呕吐、头晕、便秘等副反应的发生率。结果护理干预可以显著减轻药物的不良反应(P<0.025)。结论实施护理干预,能有效地减轻患者的不良反应,提高治疗效果及生活质量。     

丙戊酸钠联合三氧化二砷诱导多发性骨髓瘤RPMI 8226细胞凋亡及其机制研究

本研究旨在探索丙戊酸钠联合三氧化二砷对多发性骨髓瘤RPMI8226细胞凋亡的影响及其相关机制.利用CCK-8法检测不同浓度的丙戊酸钠、三氧化二砷单药和两药联合应用对RPMI 8226细胞增殖的抑制作用.采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况.半定量RT-PCR和Western blot分别检测各组BCL-2、BAX、caspase-8及caspase-9的mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化.结果表明：丙戊酸钠及三氧化二砷均可抑制RPMI 8226细胞增殖,两者联合应用有协同作用（Q值大于1.15）.联合用药组RPMI 8226细胞凋亡率较单药组明显增加（P＜0.05）.与丙戊酸钠或三氧化二砷单药组相比,联合用药组RPMI 8226细胞BCL-2 mRNA及蛋白表达水平下降,BAX、caspase-8及caspase-9mRNA及蛋白表达水平上调.结论：丙戊酸钠和三氧化二砷有协同抑制RPMI 8226细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的作用,这可能与BCL-2表达下调,BAX、caspase-8及caspase-9表达上调有关.     

Comprehensive meta-analysis of anti-BCMA chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma

BackgroundChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy shows impressive results in clinical trials. We conducted a meta-analysis based on the most recent data to systematically describe the efficacy and safety of anti-BCMA CAR T therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM).MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library, ClinicalTrials.gov, China Biology Medicine disc (CBM disc) and Wanfang Data were searched on 8 November 2020. Registration number of PROSPERO was CRD42020219127.ResultsFrom 763 articles, we identified 22 appropriate studies with 681 patients. The pooled overall response rate (ORR) was 85.2% (95%CI 0.797–0.910), complete response rate (CRR) was 47.0% (95%CI 0.378–0.583), and minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity rate was 97.8% (95%CI 0.935–1.022). The pooled incidence of grade 3–4 cytokine release syndrome was 6.6% (95%CI 0.036–0.096) and neurotoxicity was 2.2% (95%CI 0.006–0.038). The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14.0 months and median overall survival (OS) was 24.0 months. Subgroup analysis showed dual epitope-binding CAR T cells achieved the best therapy outcomes and humanized CAR T cells had the best safety profile. Patients who were older, heavily pre-treated or received lower dose of CAR T cells had worse ORR. There was no significant difference in ORR, CRR and PFS between patients with and without high-risk cytogenetic features. The PFS and CRR of non-extramedullary disease (EMD) group was superior to those of EMD group.ConclusionAnti-BCMA CAR T therapy is effective and safe for patients with R/R MM. It can improve the prognosis of patients with high-risk cytogenetic features while the prognosis of patients with EMD remains poor. Moreover, patients are likely to benefit from an earlier use of CAR T therapy and human-derived CAR T cells have obvious advantages based on the existing data.     

The effectiveness and tolerability of epoetin alfa in patients with multiple myeloma refractory to chemotherapy

Anemia is a frequent complication of multiple myeloma, becoming chronic in patients who are resistant to chemotherapy. This randomized, parallel, controlled multicenter study (71 patients receiving concomitant chemotherapy) evaluated the efficacy and safety of epoetin alfa in improving anemia and eliminating the need for transfusions in multiple myeloma patients refractory to conventional first- or second-line chemotherapy. Forty patients were treated with subcutaneous epoetin alfa (150 IU/kg per dose, increasing to 300 IU/kg per dose, every 3 weeks) for 6 months, and 31 entered a control group. The epoetin alfa group had a significantly (P≤0.001) greater percentage of patients (75% vs. 21%) with increases in hemoglobin levels and/or reduced transfusion requirements. In 44 non pre-transfused patients (20 controls, 24 in the epoetin alfa group), the mean increase in hemoglobin was significantly (P≤0.0001) greater in the epoetin alfa group (+2.1 vs. −0.2 g/dl). Increases in hematocrit and red blood cells were also significantly (P≤0.0001) greater in epoetin alfa-treated patients, with corresponding reductions in transfusion requirement. In the 27 pre-transfused patients (11 controls, 16 in the epoetin alfa group), there was a trend towards reduced transfusional need in epoetin alfa-treated patients. Thus, in patients with multiple myeloma refractory to chemotherapy epoetin alfa is a well-tolerated treatment which improves anemia in non pre-transfused patients and appears to reduce transfusion need in those previously transfused.