胞必佳联合顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效观察

目的观察胞必佳联合顺铂(DDP)治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效和毒副反应。方法48例恶性胸腔积液患者采用单腔中心静脉导管,行胸腔穿刺置管闭式引流,再给予胸腔内注药,其中A组用胞必佳加顺铂,B组单用DDP,治疗结束后4周观察两组的疗效和毒副反应。结果胞必佳加DDP对恶性胸腔积液的有效率为88.5%,优于单用DDP组。结论置入静脉导管胸腔闭式引流后注射胞必佳加DDP是治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效方法。     

恶性胸腔积液224例临床分析

目的 了解恶性胸腔积液的临床特点和影响疗效的因素。方法 收集确诊为恶性胸腔积液的患者224例,分别对他们的性别、年龄、原发病、首发症状、确诊方式、治疗进行统计,并以疗效为应变量建立ordinal回归方程。结果 胸水非肺癌引起者疗效较肺癌佳,胸水处理以微创置管引流疗效最佳。胸腔内注射药物中,短棒状杆菌疗效最佳,其次是顺铂＋胞必佳。结论 恶性胸腔积液的治疗采取综合治疗,可获满意疗效。     

闭式引流联合尿激酶及白介素-Ⅱ治疗恶性包裹性胸腔积液

目的观察胸腔闭式引流联合尿激酶及白细胞介素-Ⅱ治疗恶性包裹性胸腔积液的疗效。方法对26例恶性包裹性胸腔积液患者应用中心静脉导管胸腔穿刺置管引流,胸水自然流净后,胸腔注入尿激酶20万U,闭管30 min,再打开引流装置持续引流。可重复上述操作。胸水引流完全后,胸腔注入白细胞介素-Ⅱ200万U。结果完全缓解(CR)21例,部分缓解(PR)5例。不良反应轻,以一过性发热为主要反应。结论胸腔闭式引流联合尿激酶及白细胞介素-Ⅱ治疗恶性包裹性胸腔积液安全、有效。     

中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流并药物灌注治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效观察

恶性胸腔积液是中晚期肺癌及其他恶性肿瘤的并发症。其特点是胸水生长迅速,不易控制,可直接影响患者的心、肺功能和生存期,使患者生活质量明显下降。控制胸水、缓解症状、提高生存质量,是中晚期恶性肿瘤并发胸水的主要治疗目的。2005年12月～2008年12月,我们采用中心静脉导管胸腔闭式持续引流并腔内注射胞必佳和顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液,取得较好疗效。现报告如下。     

微创胸腔持续引流治疗恶性胸腔积液22例临床观察

目的探讨微创胸腔持续引流对恶性胸腔积液的治疗作用。方法对22例恶性胸腔积液的病人进行微创胸腔持续引流并胸腔内注入顺铂、足叶乙甙等药物，B超检测并作相关分析。结果68．2％的恶性胸水完全缓解，31．8％的恶性胸水部分缓解。结论微创胸腔持续引流治疗恶性胸腔积液可减轻病人痛苦，改善生活质量，且简便易行，值得广泛推广。     

细管胸腔闭式持续引流并药物灌注治疗恶性胸水89例疗效观察

目的应用胞必佳和顺铂治疗恶性胞水,旨在观察临床疗效和毒副作用。方法采用细管行胸腔闭式持续引流,在胸水基本流净,肺复张基础上予以胞必佳600ug,顺铂40mg~80mg作胸腔内灌注一次性疗程。结果总有效率93.26%。毒副作用:胸内注药后出现胸痛、发热、恶心、呕吐等不良反应,经对症处理可以缓解。结论该疗法治疗恶性胸水疗效确切,毒副作用轻,安全方便,值得在临床上推广应用。     

经导管持续闭式引流联合大剂量IL-2和顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液

目的观察经导管持续闭式引流联合大剂量IL-2和顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液的近期疗效和毒副反应。方法32例恶性胸腔积液患者,先使用美国Arrow公司生产的一次性单腔中心静脉导管进行胸膜腔穿刺置管和闭式引流胸水,待胸水流尽后再经导管予胸腔内注药,每次IL-2200~300IU,顺铂60~80mg,每周1次,连续2~4周,1个月后观察疗效和不良反应。结果CR23例,PR5例,NC2例,PD2例,总有效率为86.5%(28/32)。结论经导管持续闭式引流联合大剂量IL-2和顺铂治疗恶性胸腔积液疗效肯定,是控制恶性胸腔积液的有效方法。     

胸腔内置管引流术在恶性胸腔积液治疗中的应用

目的评价胸腔内置管术行闭式引流并胸腔内注射化疗药治疗恶性胸腔积液的疗效。方法对20例恶性胸腔积液的患者胸腔内置入单腔或双腔中心静脉导管对胸水进行引流并向胸腔内注射化疗药,观察症状改善情况及胸水消失的时间。结果20例恶性胸腔积液的患者胸闷、气短症状明显好转,2～3周后观察胸水生长速度明显减慢,8例患者胸水吸收及消失。结论恶性胸腔积液治疗中采用中心静脉导管胸腔内置入并向胸腔内注射化疗药,可明显延长生存时间,提高患者的生活质量。该方法可在临床上广泛推广使用。     

多孔中心静脉导管引流控制肺癌胸腔积液的临床研究

目的 探讨中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流并药物注射与常规胸穿抽液并药物注射对控制肺癌胸腔积液的有效性.方法 选择我院2008年1月～2010年12月收治的肺癌恶性胸腔积液患者60例,随机分为两组,A组改良中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流组30例,B组常规胸穿组30例,对两组患者治疗前后的胸水控制与生活质量进行对比研究.结果 两组治疗后胸水控制有效率:A组76.7％,B组36.7％,P＜0.01,有统计学意义.两组治疗后生活质量好转率:A组80.0％,B组30.0％,P＜0.01,有统计学意义.结论 中心静脉导管胸腔闭式引流并药物注射控制肺癌胸腔积液的疗效优于常规胸穿组.     

两种不同方法对结核性胸腔积液的诊疗观察

目的研究胸腔镜联合胸腔闭式引流结合的方法与传统胸腔穿刺抽液联合胸膜活检对大量结核性胸腔积液的临床诊疗效果。方法抽取100例大量结核性胸腔积液病例,将其分为A、B两组,每组50例。分别采用反复胸腔穿刺抽液联合胸膜活检(A组)与胸腔镜联合胸腔闭式引流(B组)联合的方法进行处理。结果 B组患者的诊断率及临床好转率明显高于A组。经过治疗后的体温恢复正常和胸水控制所需的时间明显短于A组;治疗过程中的实际胸水抽放量明显多于A组;胸膜粘连包裹发生率及胸膜增厚发生率明显低于A组;结论胸腔镜与胸腔闭式引流结合的方法对胸腔积液的诊治是简单、快速、有效、安全。     

可弯曲式内科胸腔镜在胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的应用

目的探讨可弯盐式内科胸腔镜检查术对良恶性胸腔积液鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法92例不明原因的胸腔积液患者在局麻下用可弯曲内科胸腔镜检查术,取病变胸膜作病理检查。结果92例中取得病理确诊87例,确诊率94．5％（87／92）。确诊病例中恶性肿瘤46．7％（43／92）,肺癌转移42．4％（39／92）其中腺癌28例,胸膜间皮瘤1．1％（1／92）其他转移癌3．3％（3／92）;良性疾病47．8％（44／92）,结核性胸膜炎40．2％（37／92）,炎症6．5％（6／92）,肝硬化1．1％（1／92）。胸膜无明确病理结果5．4％（5／92）。转移癌、结核性胸膜炎,胸腔镜下形态各异。所有受检病例无严重不良事件发生。结论可弯曲式内科胸腔镜检查术对不明原因胸腔积液鉴别诊断是一种安全、简单、确诊率高的重要诊断方法。     

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞治疗老年人恶性胸水的疗效分析

目的探讨肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞（ＴＩＬ）治疗老年癌症患者恶性胸水的有效率。方法应用癌症患者自体胸水的ＴＩＬ培养、扩增后产物经胸腔内输注治疗２１例老年人恶性胸水,每隔日１次,至少４次。结果２１例经治疗后,胸水中淋巴细胞增加,肿瘤细胞逐渐减少,胸腔积液逐渐吸收,１个月后１９例达完全缓解和部分缓解,有效率为９０．５％。结论自体胸水ＴＩＬ可治疗恶性胸水,同时可提高老年癌症患者的免疫功能,对机体无毒副作用。     

内科胸腔镜检查在良恶性胸腔积液的诊治应用分析

目的认识内科胸腔镜检查在良恶性胸腔积液的病因学诊断价值。方法对34例胸腔积液患者实施胸腔镜检查,对恶性胸腔积液的患者采取多部位钳夹（8～10个部位）,闭式引流管保留1～3天。结果34例患者经病理确诊32例,确诊率为91．4％。结核性胸膜炎41．2％（14／34）;非典型炎性病变5．9％（2／34）;恶性肿瘤52．9％（18／34）。14例结核性胸膜炎患者术后均在1周内完全缓解（CR）;18例恶性胸腔积液检查后完全缓解（CR）率66．7％（12／18）,总有效率83．3％（15／18）,无效（PD）3例均有严重低蛋白血症。12例完全缓解（CR）患者,10例未出现胸水复发,2例出现胸水复发,复发率16．7％。结论内科胸腔镜检查能准确诊断胸膜疾病的病因,而且对结核性胸膜炎和恶性胸腔积液均有很好的治疗效果。     

经导管持续闭式引流联合大剂量IL-2和顺铂治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液疗效观察

目的观察胸腔内注入白细胞介素-2联合顺铂（PDD）治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液的近期疗效和毒副反应。方法45例肺癌伴恶性胸腔积液患者,先用美国FORNIT公司生产的一次性双腔中心静脉导管进行胸腔置管和闭式引流胸水。后给予胸腔内注药,A组（n=24例）胸腔灌注白细胞介素-2联合顺铂;B组（n=21例）胸腔灌注单用顺铂。白细胞介素-2每次注入400万u,顺铂每次注入60mg,每周注射1次,连续注射3周,1个月后观察两组的疗效及不良反应。结果白细胞介素-2联合顺铂对恶性胸腔积液的有效率为83．3％,明显优于单用顺铂组52．5％（P〈0．05）,毒副反应无显著性差异。结论胸腔置管引流并灌注白细胞介素-2联合顺铂治疗肺癌恶性胸腔积液,疗效肯定,是控制恶性胸腔积液的有效疗法。     

Use of tunneled pleural catheters for outpatient treatment of malignant pleural effusions

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Malignant pleural effusion is a common complication in advanced malignancy that causes debilitating symptoms which result in impaired quality of life. The primary therapeutic goal in malignant pleural effusion management is effective palliation of the associated respiratory symptoms. Pleurodesis by chest tube or thoracoscopy is widely accepted as the gold standard treatment, although these treatments are not without problems. Tunneled pleural catheters represent a new safe and effective outpatient treatment option for these patients, with no reported mortality and minimal morbidity. RECENT FINDINGS: Chest tube insertion with talc slurry and thoracoscopy with talc insufflation are effective methods for achieving spontaneous pleurodesis, although associated with significant morbidity and mortality. A growing body of evidence is confirming that long-term palliation of malignant pleural effusion can be achieved by using tunneled pleural catheters in a large proportion of relatively unselected patients on an outpatient basis. SUMMARY: The optimal method for palliative management of malignant pleural effusion remains controversial. The high success rates, low complication rates and efficacy in patients with a wide range of performance status support the use of tunneled pleural catheters as a first-line treatment for symptomatic malignant pleural effusion.     

铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗恶性胸腔积液的临床观察

目的观察铜绿假单胞菌注射液治疗恶性胸腔积液的有效性和不良反应。方法 53例恶性胸腔积液患者随机分组予B超定位下胸腔置管闭式引流术,经证实胸腔积液已基本排净后,27例治疗组胸腔注入铜绿假单胞菌注射液,26例对照组胸腔注入顺铂。结果治疗组有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。毒副反应方面,治疗组除轻度发热及轻微胸痛外,其他不良反应明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论铜绿假单胞菌注射液胸腔注入治疗恶性胸腔积液安全有效。     

Intrapleural therapy

Numerous intrapleural therapies have been adopted to treat a vast array of pleural diseases. The first intrapleural therapies proposed focused on the use of fibrinolytics and DNase to promote fluid drainage in empyema. Numerous case series and five randomized controlled trials have been published to determine the outcomes of fibrinolytics in empyema treatment. In the largest randomized trial, the use of streptokinase had no reduction in mortality, decortication rates or hospital days compared with placebo in the treatment of empyema. Criticism over study design and patient selection may have potentially affected the outcomes in this study. The development of dyspnoea is common in the setting of malignant pleural effusions. Pleural fluid evacuation followed by pleurodesis is often attempted. Numerous sclerosing agents have been studied, with talc emerging as the most effective agent. Small particle size of talc should be avoided because of increased systemic absorption potentiating toxicity, such as acute lung injury. Over the past several years, the use of chronic indwelling pleural catheters have emerged as the preferred modality in the treating a symptomatic malignant pleural effusion. For patients with malignant-related lung entrapment, pleurodesis often fails due to the presence of visceral pleural restriction; however, chronic indwelling pleural catheters are effective in palliation of dyspnoea. Finally, the use of staphylococcal superantigens has been proposed as a therapeutic model for the treatment of non-small lung cancer. Intrapleural instillation of staphylococcal superantigens increased median survival by 5 months in patients with non-small cell lung cancer with a malignant pleural effusion.     

Treatment of malignant pleural effusion

Two hundred consecutive patients with malignant pleural effusion were reviewed. The pathologic etiology of malignant pleurisy was: primary lung cancer in 123 cases; five, mesothelioma; and 72 cases secondary to metastatic tumors. Adenocarcinoma of the lung and mammary cancer were the most frequent tumors causing malignant pleural effusion. The modalities employed in local treatment consisted of thoracocentesis in 62 patients, tube thoracotomy in 111 cases with local instillation of adriamycin, MMC, CQ, 5FU, OK432 or talc. Surgical procedures including pleuropneumonectomy or reduction surgery of the tumor with decortication were performed in ten patients. Tube drainage with local instillation of drugs was more effective than thoracocentesis with or without local therapy. Excellent initial results were obtained in patients who received reduction surgery with decortication and pleurodesis. Results of cytologic investigation were positive in 157 cases (78.5 percent). The tumor cells disappeared in 79.4 percent of primary cancer pleurisy cases and 81.1 percent of patients with metastases while disappearance or significant decrease in pleural effusion following treatment was obtained in 75.2 and 77.8 percent respectively. The median survival was 11.3 months in primary cases, and 11.7 months in patients with metastases.