颈动脉间隙及其占位性病变的影像研究

目的:探讨正常颈动脉间隙的影像特点及比较CT、MRI对颈动脉间隙占位性病变的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:分析3例正常男性颈动脉间隙的影像特点;回顾15例经手术病理证实的颈动脉间隙占位性病变,CT检查11例,MRI检查4例。结果:颈部MRI轴位图像上可清楚显示颈深筋膜各间隙的形态和毗邻关系。神经鞘瘤可显示囊变和钙化,MRI显示T2WI呈明亮高信号为其特征。颈动脉体瘤增强后肿瘤显著强化。鳃裂囊肿有其相对固定的发病部位,增强扫描无强化。淋巴管瘤显示分层液面现象为其特征,MRI可显示瘤内脂肪、出血和纤维分隔等不同成分,对鉴别诊断有一定价值。不同来源的肿瘤与颈内、外动脉或颈总动脉和颈内静脉的位置关系有解剖上的相关性,有利于准确的定位和鉴别诊断。结论:颈深部疾病影像检查应首选MRI。根据病变所在的解剖平面、强化扫描特点及其与颈部血管的关系,CT和MRI对大部分颈动脉鞘病变有定性诊断及鉴别价值。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断胎盘绒毛膜血管瘤

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDFI)对胎盘绒毛膜血管瘤的诊断价值及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析了6例胎盘绒毛膜血管瘤的CDFI表现及妊娠结果。结果6例患者肿瘤均为单发,2例瘤体直径>5.0 cm,有羊水过多,新生儿窒息等不良并发症。4例直径<5.0 cm,随访至分娩,未发生明显并发症。结论CDFI是产前诊断胎盘血管瘤惟一有效的辅助手段,对于瘤体较大,CDFI的监测和随诊对临床具有重要的指导意义。     

下肢静脉血栓的彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的 探讨下肢静脉血栓的彩色多普勒超声声像图特点。方法 回顾性分析71例下肢静脉血栓形成患者的彩色多普勒声像图特点。结果 左下肢的发病率明显高于右下肢，常累及股静脉、股浅静脉、股深静脉、月国静脉等。声像图特点为管腔内探及实性高或低回声团块CDFI血流信号变细或无血流信号；脉冲多普勒血流速度减慢且不受呼吸影响。结论 彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢静脉血栓具有直观性、可靠性。     

下肢静脉血栓的彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的探讨下肢静脉血栓的彩色多普勒超声声像图特点.方法回顾性分析71例下肢静脉血栓形成患者的彩色多普勒声像图特点.结果左下肢的发病率明显高于右下肢,常累及股静脉、股浅静脉、股深静脉、月国静脉等.声像图特点为管腔内探及实性高或低回声团块;CDFI血流信号变细或无血流信号;脉冲多普勒血流速度减慢且不受呼吸影响.结论彩色多普勒超声诊断下肢静脉血栓具有直观性、可靠性.     

迷走颈神经复体代替颈袢缺如1例

迷走颈神经复体代替颈袢缺如１例姚友生①金理正②解剖一具成年男尸，发现左侧颈袢缺如，由迷走颈神经复体取代，此变异罕见，占０．５％。现报道如下：左侧颈袢及其上、下根缺如。左迷走神经出颈静脉孔，在颈鞘内行经颈总动脉和颈内静脉之间下降。当其越过第１～３颈神经...     

彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的探讨

目的 评价彩色多普勒血流显像(CDFI)及脉冲多普勒(PD)检测恶性滋养细胞肿瘤的早期诊断疗效观察及判断疾病转归的应用价值。方法 应用CDFI及PD检测恶性滋养细胞肿瘤患者32例,并以正常妊娠20例作对照。结果 CDFI恶性滋养叶肿瘤表现为丰富而敏感的彩色血流,PD为低速的动静脉血流。正常妊娠为不甚敏感的点状或多条状的不规则血流,PD为单相或双相的低速动脉血流。阻力指数(RI)显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论 CDFI和PD检测可做为一种新的方法,不仅可对滋养叶细胞肿瘤作出早期诊断,亦可用于观察化疗效果,判断疾病的转归。     

混合型神经鞘肿瘤2例并文献复习

目的探讨混合型神经鞘肿瘤(hybrid nerve sheath tumor,HNST)的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、诊断、鉴别诊断及预后。方法回顾分析2例HNST的临床资料、病理学形态及免疫表型,并进行随访。结果 2例HNST均为女性,平均年龄43岁,肿瘤均发生于皮下,术后随访情况良好。眼观:界限清楚,灰白色,实性质韧肿物。镜检:例1为神经纤维瘤背景中查见典型神经鞘瘤形态结节,例2为梭形细胞肿物,大部分席纹状结构,间杂漩涡状结构。免疫表型:例1 S-100表达强弱不等,例2 S-100阳性与EMA阳性细胞混杂排列。结论 HNST是一种良性外周神经鞘肿瘤,其组织学图像具有双相成分,包括神经鞘瘤和神经束膜瘤、神经纤维瘤和神经束膜瘤、神经纤维瘤和神经鞘瘤。确诊主要依赖病理学形态和免疫表型相结合;肿瘤预后良好。     

特殊类型周围神经肿瘤

目的：介绍特殊类型周围神经肿瘤的病理诊断。方法：收集外检和会诊中遇到的各种类型周围神经肿瘤进行回顾性分析，并作必要的免疫组化标记和鉴别诊断，报道９例罕见的特殊类型周围神经肿瘤。结果：９例中：上皮样恶性周围神经鞘膜瘤，恶性嵘螈瘤，黑色素性神经鞘瘤，婴儿黑色素性神经外胚叶瘤腺性神经纤维瘤，神经鞘粘液瘤，节细胞性神经母细胞瘤，恶性颗粒细胞瘤和透明细胞肉瘤各１例，结论：特殊类型周围神经肿瘤的形成与原始神经     

Fine-flow在超声引导下注射凝血酶治疗假性动脉瘤中的价值

目的 探讨Fine-flow技术在超声引导下注射凝血酶治疗股动脉假性动脉瘤（PSA ）中的临床应用价值。方法 29例股动脉PSA患者,其中男性21例,女性8例;年龄51 ～ 69岁,平均年龄63.27岁。超声引导下穿刺注入凝血酶,术前行彩色多普勒超声及Fine-flow技术测量瘤腔的大小、瘤颈的长度及宽度,术后测量血栓体积,并用Fine-flow技术检测封堵效果及并发症。结果 29例PSA术前经灰阶超声联合Fine-flow技术确诊,其中23例为单纯型,6例为复杂型;23例单纯型及4例复杂型均一次性封堵成功,2例复杂型PSA于第2天复发,行再次封堵成功。彩色多普勒超声测量瘤腔体积为（6.2 ± 2.3）cm3,瘤颈长（4.3 ± 1.3）mm、宽（2.3 ± 0.9） mm。Fine-flow技术测量瘤腔体积为（8.7 ± 3.8） cm3,瘤颈长（4.8 ± 1.8） mm、宽（3.0 ± 0.8） mm,血栓体积为（9.7 ± 4.2） cm3,凝血酶用量（193 ± 32） U。Fine-flow技术测量瘤腔大小与凝血酶用量及术后血栓体积相关性好于彩色多普勒超声测值。术后随访发现瘤腔封堵完全,封堵后载瘤动脉、腘动脉、足背动脉及胫后动脉的流速均无显著变化。结论 Fine-flow及彩色多普勒技术均能准确诊断PSA,Fine-flow技术在评估瘤腔体积、指导凝血酶用量方面优于彩色多普勒技术。     

丛状神经鞘瘤2例临床病理分析

目的探讨丛状神经鞘瘤的临床病理学特征、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法观察2例丛状神经鞘瘤的临床表现、组织学形态及免疫表型并复习相关文献。结果 2例患者中,男女各1例,年龄分别为16岁和31岁,肿瘤均位于躯干皮肤。镜下见肿瘤在皮下呈多结节状分布,结节内瘤组织以细胞致密区(Antoni A)为主,相对缺乏细胞疏松区(Antoni B)。瘤细胞长梭形或波浪状,呈栅栏状、漩涡状排列,可见verocay小体。免疫表型:肿瘤细胞S-100及vimentin均弥漫阳性,GFAP部分阳性,EMA、CD57及Ki-67均阴性。结论丛状神经鞘瘤是一种较少见的良性周围神经鞘膜瘤,需与丛状神经纤维瘤、丛状纤维组织细胞瘤、丛状恶性外周神经鞘膜瘤等相鉴别。     

Level of functioning of siblings and parents of probands of varying degrees of retardation

A further analysis of already published data supports the position that retardates of low ability level less frequently have retarded siblings, retarded parents, and parents low in occupational level than do retardates higher in ability level. The analysis supports the position that there are two types of retarded individuals, persons retarded as a result of gene or chromosomal anomalies, brain injury, etc., who more frequently occur in the lower-level retardate group, and persons whose retardation represents polygenic segregation, who more frequently occur in the higher-level group.     

局部注射辛伐他汀对骨质疏松大鼠股骨髁骨小梁的改建效应

背景：局部注射具有成骨作用的辛伐他汀,可显著增加骨质疏松大鼠股骨颈及股骨髁部的骨密度及力学强度,分析局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。 目的：进一步研究骨质疏松大鼠股骨内局部注射辛伐他汀对股骨髁骨小梁的影响。为将辛伐他汀应用于临床骨质疏松局部治疗提供实验基础。 方法：18只雌性SD大鼠双侧卵巢切除后3个月,制备大鼠骨质疏松模型。实验大鼠随机数字表法均分为3组,分别在实验大鼠的右侧股骨髓腔内单次注射辛伐他汀溶液5 mg、10 mg,对照组单纯注射空白载体。分别在注射后1个月处死大鼠并取材。Micro-CT扫描并定量分析骨组织形态变化。 结果与结论：给药后1个月,Micro-CT扫描结果显示,辛伐他汀治疗组的骨微结构参数如骨皮质厚度、骨小梁密度及连接率明显优于对照组。说明疏松骨骼单次注射小剂量辛伐他汀可显著促进股骨髁部骨小梁改建,改善骨骼微结构,可为强化局部、防治骨质疏松骨折的新选择进一步提供实验基础。     

石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究

中药石斛早在《神农本草经》中就被列为上品,其应用历史悠久,具有养阴生津、补肾益气、润喉护嗓、活血明目、抗癌防老等功效。本文对国内外石斛属民族药用植物的分类及生药学研究进行了综述。     

膝关节骨性关节炎的关节镜治疗体会

目的我科自2001～2005年4月对59例67膝的骨性关节炎（0A），进行关节镜检查及镜下清理术。方法镜检：膝关节骨性关节炎伴不同程度滑膜炎，滑膜皱壁粘连纤维片，关节软骨不同程度破坏。镜下清除增生滑膜，松解粘连，去除剥脱软骨、修复关节面。结果随访2月～4年，平均1.5年，术后综合评估2月～1年，优良率94％；1～2年，优良率79.2％；2年以上优良率54.8％。结论关节镜对膝关节骨性关节炎诊断能提供了比较全面的资料，并对骨性关节炎早期有良好疗效，具有创伤小、恢复快、并发症少和重复治疗等优点。     

Pathways of the realization of immunomodulating effects of neurotransmitters

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 115, N ^o 4, pp. 401–404, April, 1993     

Anatomical study of distribution of valves of the cutaneous veins of adult''s limbs

Since the cutaneous veins of the four limbs have been used as autogenous grafts in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, knowledge of distribution of the valves is increasingly required depending upon the use. In the gross anatomical study of distribution of valves of the trunci venae, there has been argument about locational relationships between the venous roots and the valves in the vicinity of the roots and the inter-valvular distance. However, there have been only few reports discussing detailed information about valves of the cutaneous veins of the four limbs. The authors observed patterns of distribution of the cutaneous venous valves of the four limbs of cadavers prepared for practice in anatomy. The following parts were excised from each cadaver: the cephalic, basilic, and the great saphenous veins, which originate from the acral venous network and flow into the proximal deep veins, and the venous roots communicating with these veins. An incision was made on each excised vein in the direction of the long axis under observation with a stereoscopic microscope, and the inter-valvular distance and the distance between the valve and the orifice of venous root in the vicinity of the valve were measured. The inter-valvular distance varied with type of the truncus venae, and it varied according to area even in the same truncus venae.     

Characterization of sterols of three digenetic trematodes of buffalo

Sterols of three digenetic trematodes were isolated and characterized by infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and gas-liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sterols identified were cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesterol, 24-methylcholestanol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholesterol, 24-ethyl-22-dehydrocholestanol, 24-ethylcholesterol and 24-ethylcholestanol.     

Mechanisms of generation of slow components of bioelectric activity in diagnostics of functional state of the gastrointestinal tract

New electrophysiologic devices were used for the diagnostics of the state of excitable structures in the gastrointestinal tract and correction of their motor functions. Bioelectrical and biomechanical activities form the basis of functioning of internal organs. The mechanisms of generation of slow bioelectrical activity that are important for clinical and physiological studies are described. One of these mechanisms is a capacitance parametric transducer converting the energy of contractions into specific electric signals reflecting muscle functions. Another mechanism results from slow oscillations of resting potentials of interrelated excitable cells in large neuromuscular structures of internal organs. The elaborated procedure is efficient for preventing early postoperative paresis of the gastrointestinal tract. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 10, pp. 448–452, October, 1999     

胃小弯侧血管弓的MDCT解剖

目的：研究正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的多排螺旋CT表现。方法：回顾性分析51例正常成人的上腹部CT资料,观察胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管的显示情况、血管弓形态及其与胃壁的关系。结果：51例均显示胃小弯侧血管弓,血管弓贲门部属支、胃体部属支和幽门部属支分别显示46例、15例和10例;血管弓与胃壁紧邻41例。结论：MDCT检查可良好显示正常胃小弯侧血管弓及其属支血管。     

Assessment of the efficacy of treatment of hemangiomas

Assessment of the aftereffects of cryoexposure and ultrahigh-frequency cryoexposure on hemangioma tissue of various types, cavernous and squamous, showed a higher cryogenic effect in hemangiomatous tissue preexposed to ultrahigh-frequency waves. A quantitative criterion is proposed for assessing the efficacy of the studied methods of exposure. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 6, pp. 669–672, June, 1995