The role of statin therapy in the prevention of atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

AIMS

The use of statins has been suggested to protect against atrial fibrillation (AF) in some clinical observational and experimental studies but has remained inadequately explored. This study was designed to examine whether statins can reduce the risk of AF.

METHODS

Meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials with use of statins on incidence or recurrence of AF was performed.

RESULTS

Twenty studies with 23 577 patients were included in the analysis. Seven studies investigated the use of statins in patients with AF, 11 studies investigated the primary prevention of statins in patients without AF, and two studies investigated mixed populations of patients. The incidence or recurrence of AF occurred in 1543 patients. Overall, statin therapy was significantly associated with a decreased risk of AF compared with control (odds ratio 0.49, 95% confidence interval 0.37–0.65; P < 0.00001). A beneficial effect was found in the atorvastatin subgroup and the simvastatin subgroup, but not in the pravastatin subgroup or the rosuvastatin subgroup. The benefit of statin therapy appeared to be more pronounced in secondary prevention (odds ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.18–0.64; P < 0.0008) than in primary prevention (odds ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.40–0.74; P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Statin therapy was significantly associated with a decreased risk of incidence or recurrence of AF. Heterogeneity was explained by differences in statin types, patient populations and surgery types. The benefit of statin therapy seemed more pronounced in secondary than in primary prevention.     

他汀类药物在心房颤动治疗中的作用分析

目的 观察他汀类药物在心房颤动治疗中的作用.方法 将2008年1月至2011年1月阿拉善盟中心医院收治的86例持续性心房颤动患者完全随机分为他汀组和对照组,各43例.给予体外同步直流电复律后2组均给予胺碘酮200 mg、3次/d口服,1周后改为200 mg、2次/d,再1周后改为200 mg、1次/d维持;他汀组同时给予辛伐他汀20 mg,每晚1次口服.患者复律前后均给予华法林钠正规抗凝治疗,共治疗6个月.患者恢复窦性心律后1、2周及以后每4周分别行心电图和动态心电图检查.结果 他汀组维持窦性心律38例(88.4％),未维持窦性心律5例(11.6％);对照组维持窦性心律29例(67.4％),未维持窦性心律14例(32.6％).他汀组维持窦性心律的比例明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 他汀类药物在预防心房颤动复发上有应用价值.     

依布利特和普罗帕酮治疗心房扑动和心房颤动的Meta分析

目的 评价依布利特和普罗帕酮治疗心房扑动(房扑)和心房颤动(房颤)的疗效和安全性.方法 通过检索历年中英文电子文献数据库和手工检索的方式,纳入符合标准的依布利特和普罗帕酮治疗房扑或房颤的所有随机对照试验,依次进行质量评价和资料提取,并进行Meta分析.结果 Meta分析显示:①房扑/房颤总转复率:依布利特(64.52%)高于普罗帕酮(42.37%),差异有统计学意义(OR 2.50,95%CI1.64～3.83,P＜0.01),漏斗图提示未见偏倚.②房颤转复率:依布利特(61.31%)高于普罗帕酮(41.61%),差异有统计学意义(OR 2.24,95%CI 1.38～3.64,P＜0.01),漏斗图提示未见偏倚.③房扑转复率:依布利特(82.69%)高于普罗帕酮(40.82%),差异有统计学意义(OR 6.53,95%CI2.65～16.10,P＜0.01),漏斗图提示未见偏倚.④不良反应发生率:两者不良反应率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与普罗帕酮相比,依布利特可以更有效地转复房扑和房颤,两者安全性上无明显差别.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ibutilide and propafenone for treatment of atrial flutter(AFL) and atrial fibrillation(AF). Methods The random controlled trials (RCTs) concerning the ibutilide and propafenone in the treatment of atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation were collected in a meta-analysis. The Rev Man 5.0 software of Cochrane Coordination Net was used for statistical analysis. Results Meta-analysis showed that :①total cardioversion rate of ibutilide for AFL/AF (64.52%) was higher than that of propafenone(42. 37% ) ( P ＜0.05). No bias was prompted on the funnel plot. ②cardioversion rate of Ibutilide for AF (61.31%) was higher than that of propafenone(41.61% )( P ＜0.05). No bias was prompted on the funnel plot. ③cardioversion rate of Ibutilide for AFL ( 82.69% ) was higher than that of propafenone(40.82% ) ( P ＜ 0.05 ). No bias was prompted on the funnel plot. ④Adverse reaction rates showed no significant difference between the 2 medicine. Conclusion Compared with propafenone, ibutilide is more effective for the treatment of atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation, but the security of both drugs shows no significant difference.     

Statin therapy on pulmonary function in patients with COPD: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

In thecurrent meta-analysis, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of statins on pulmonary function inpatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of clinical trials were systematically searched until January 2017 for RCTs of statins. Only trials with COPD patients were included.The I² statistic was used to measure heterogeneity between trials and calculated mean differences for pulmonary function parameters with fixed-effect meta-analysis.Eighteligible studies with 534 participants were identified. Statin therapy had no remarkable influence on FEV1 (SMD –0.01, 95% CI –0.204 to 0.184, I²=0.0%, P = 0.922, n = 409), FEV1/ FVC (SMD 0.163, 95% CI –0.044to 0.369, I²=0.0%, P = 0.123, n = 364), 6MWD, heart rate or CRP. However, exercise time on treadmill was remarkably improved by statin therapy (SMD 1.271, 95% CI 0.930 to 1.612, I²=0.0%, P = 0.000, n = 160). Subgroup analysis showed significant, ameliorative effect of pravastatin on FEV1/FVC (SMD 0.362, 95% CI 0.049 to 0.674, I²=0.0%, P = 0.023).The results of this meta-analysis showed non-significant effect of statins on pulmonary function in COPD patients. Based on the studies reviewed, it is not recommended to prescribe statins for COPD patients without CVD risk factors due to lack of clearly defined benefit.     

他汀类药物预防心房颤动疗效的Meta分析

目的评价他汀类药物对心房颤动(房颤)的预防作用。方法选取在2012年3月之前发表的关于他汀类药物预防心房颤动的临床随机对照试验研究,并应用Meta分析方法评估房颤的发生率或复发率。结果与结论与对照组相比,他汀类药物能减少房颤的发生或复发[OR=0.52,95%CI(0.40,0.68),P0.000 01];且其二级预防[OR=0.46,95%CI(0.25,0.84,P=0.01)疗效较一级预防[OR=0.52,95%CI(0.38,0.71),P0.000 1]显著;但是与标准剂量相比,增加他汀类剂量并没有降低房颤发生或复发的风险[OR=1.05,95%CI(0.79,1.40),P=0.74]。     

The relationship between statin use and atrial fibrillation*

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the relationship between statin therapy and the development of new-onset, recurrent, and postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF).

Research design and methods: A systematic literature search was conducted through September 2006. Included studies were either randomized, controlled trials or observational studies with adjusted analyses using multivariate regression or covariate matching, compared patients receiving or not receiving a statin, and reported data on the incidence of AF. Weighted averages were reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using a random-effects model.

Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measured was a combined endpoint of any AF type. Secondary outcomes included new-onset, recurrent, and postoperative AF.

Results: Fourteen trials reporting the results of 15 unique analyses (n = 7402) were included. There was a 20% incidence rate for any AF with varying rates depending on AF type (new-onset [11%], recurrent [56%], recurrent after cardioversion [54%], postoperative [22%]). The use of a statin reduced the odds of developing any AF by 45% (odds ratio [OR] 0.55; 95% CI 0.43–0.70); Q statistic p = 0.001). Statins reduced the odds of developing new-onset AF by 32% (OR 0.68; 95% CI 0.51–0.90), recurrent AF by 57% (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.24–0.79), recurrent AF after cardioversion by 42% (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.32–1.05) and postoperative AF by 58% (OR 0.42; 95% CI 0.27–0.65).

Limitations: We considered studies that were observ­ational in nature or only available in abstract form. Publication bias could not be ruled out.

Conclusions: Statin therapy was associated with a reduced odds of developing AF, thus providing evidence of the benefit of statins beyond the lipid-lowering activity.     

心房颤动自主神经重构的研究进展及他汀类药物干预的影响

心房颤动（简称房颤）是最常见的快速性心律失常之一,房颤所带来的各种并发症,包括血栓栓塞性脑卒中、心力衰竭、认知功能障碍等,严重威胁着人类健康。研究表明,心房的自主神经重构、电重构和心房结构重构共同参与了房颤的发生,其中心房内在自主神经重构在房颤发生发展中起到了重要的作用,但其内在机制尚不明确。目前他汀类药物对心律失常的...     

Effects of statins on lipid profile in chronic kidney disease patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Objective:

The available data on statin effects in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients are still conflicting. We investigated the impact of short- and long-term statin therapy on lipid profiles in CKD patients requiring or not requiring dialysis.     

P波离散度对心房颤动的诊断价值

目的探讨P波离散度对阵发性心房颤动的影响。方法选择阵发性心房颤动者76例，另选无阵发性心房颤动者76例，记录12导联同步心电图，通过心电图测出最大P波时限（Pmax）、最小P波时限（Pmin）及P波离散度（Pd），然后进行比较分析。结果心房颤动组Pmax为（118．55±12.19）ms，Pd为（41.46±11．71）ms。对照组Pmax为（101．41±9．12）ms，Pd为（35．51±9．80）ms。两组Pmax和Pd差异均有统计学意义。结论P波离散度是预测心房颤动的一个体表心电图的新指标。     

Effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: data from a contemporary Spanish registry

Objective: To ascertain the clinical profile, management and rates of thromboembolic and bleeding complications in a contemporary cohort of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) on rivaroxaban treatment, with a particular focus on some subgroups of patients.

Methods: Retrospective study that included all NVAF patients who started treatment with rivaroxaban for the prevention of stroke or systemic embolism between December 2012 and December 2015. Rates of outcomes (stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, major bleeding, intracranial bleeding and death) during follow-up were calculated.

Results: A total of 732 patients (mean age 76.4?±?9.2?years; 54.5% women) were included. Comorbidities were common (hypertension 87.5%; diabetes 26.5%; renal insufficiency 24.6%; prior stroke/transient ischemic attack 16.8%). Mean CHA₂DS₂-VASc was 3.9?±?1.5 and HAS-BLED 2.3?±?0.9; 61.9% of patients were rivaroxaban naïve users. After a mean treatment period of 22.7?±?7.4?months, rates of stroke, nonfatal myocardial infarction, major bleeding, intracranial bleeding and death were 1.8, 1.0, 3.2, 0.4 and 5.5 events per 100 patient-years, respectively. Rates of stroke and death were higher in patients >75?years (vs. ≤75?years) and in patients with prior stroke/transient ischemic attack or renal insufficiency. Rates of major bleeding were higher among patients >75?years and in patients with prior stroke/transient ischemic attack.

Conclusions: In this contemporary Spanish cohort of NVAF patients on rivaroxaban, patients had many comorbidities, a high thromboembolic risk and a moderate bleeding risk. Overall, rates of stroke and bleeding complications were low and similar to other previous studies. These data suggest that rivaroxaban is effective and safe in routine practice.     

心房颤动持续时间对左心房内径的影响

目的 探讨心房颤动(房颤)持续时间与左心房大小的关系及其临床意义.方法 选择78例阵发性房颤、48例持续性房颤、22例永久性房颤患者,利用入院后首次超声心动图检测其左心房收缩末内径及左心室射血分数.结果 阵发性房颤组患者左心房内径24～41(36.3±5.8)mm,增大2例(2.6%);持续性房颤组患者左心房内径29～49(43.7±6.8)mm,增大26例(54.2%);永久性房颤组左心房内径32～50(49.8:±5.6)mm,增大18例(81.8%).从阵发性房颤组、持续性房颤组到永久性房颤组左心房内径逐渐增大;持续性房颤组与阵发性房颤相比,及永久性与阵发性房颤相比,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).阵发性房颤组、持续性房颤组及永久性房颤组左心室射血分数分别为(58±10)%、(54±25)%、(50±15)%,随房颤持续时间而逐渐下降.持续性房颤组、永久性房颤组分别与阵发性房颤组相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 房颤是左心房扩大的原因之一,房颤持续时间越长,左心房扩大越显著.

Abstract：

Objective To compare the effect of three types of atrial fibrillation on left atrial size and to investigate the relationship between atrial fibrillation and left atrium. Methods Totally 78 patients of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, 48 patients of persistent atrial fibrillation and 22 patients with permanent atrial fibrillation were analyzed by echocardiography. Left atrial end systolic diameter and Left ventricular ejection fraction were measured.Results Of the three groups of patients, the largest left atrial dimension was found in and the left atrial dimension in group of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was the lowest ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Meanwhile the Left ventricular ejection fraction was the highest in the group of permanent atrial fibrillation(P ＜0.05). Conclusions Atrial fibrillation is one of the causes of left atrial enlargement. The longer the duration of atrial fibrillation is, the more significant enlargement left atrium showes.     

Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation with intravenous amiodarone: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate efficacy and safety of intravenous amiodarone for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE search of published, randomized, controlled trials assessing the efficacy and safety of intravenous amiodarone in recent-onset (< 7 days) atrial fibrillation, supplemented with searches of reference lists of identified articles and bibliographies of secondary and tertiary review articles. STUDY SELECTION: The identified trials were eligible for meta-analysis if they met the following criteria: patients had recent-onset atrial fibrillation; patients were randomized to intravenous amiodarone, placebo, or another antiarrhythmic agent; no other antiarrhythmic agent except digoxin was administered simultaneously with intravenous amiodarone or other active treatments; the number and percentage of conversions to sinus rhythm after treatment began were reported; and the number and type of adverse drug reactions occurring after treatment began were reported. RESULTS: Eighteen randomized controlled trials, including active control cohorts and placebo cohorts, met inclusion criteria. Atrial fibrillation was spontaneous in 13 trials, postoperative in 4, and combined spontaneous and postoperative in 1. A total of 550 patients received intravenous amiodarone, 451 received other antiarrhythmic therapy, and 202 received placebo. Unadjusted averages for cardioversion were as follows: intravenous amiodarone, 417 (76%) of 550 patients; other antiarrhythmics, 324 (72%) of 451 patients; and placebo, 121 (60%) of 202 patients. Pooled estimates of cardioversion for active cohort studies were 72.1% for intravenous amiodarone and 71.9% for other antiarrhythmics (p=0.84). Pooled estimates of cardioversion for placebo cohort studies were 82.4% for intravenous amiodarone and 59.7% for placebo (p=0.03). Unadjusted averages for adverse event rates were intravenous amiodarone, 94 (17%) of 550 patients; other antiarrhythmics, 63 (14%) of 451 patients; and placebo, 23 (11%) of 202 patients. Pooled estimates of adverse event rates for active cohort studies were 12.2% for intravenous amiodarone and 14.0% for other antiarrhythmics (p=0.64). Pooled estimates of adverse event rates for placebo cohort studies were 26.8% for intravenous amiodarone and 10.8% for placebo (p=0.02). The most common adverse drug reactions reported with intravenous amiodarone were infusion phlebitis, bradycardia, and hypotension. CONCLUSION: The efficacy and safety profile of intravenous amiodarone is similar to that of other antiarrhythmics for cardioversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. Intravenous amiodarone is significantly more effective than placebo but is associated with significantly higher frequency of adverse events, although most were not considered to be dose limiting.     

心房不同部位起搏对阵发房颤患者心房激动时间的影响

目的　比较右心耳 (RAA)、冠状窦远端 (DCS)、右房双部位 (右心耳加冠状窦口 ,DSA)和双房 (右心耳加冠状窦远端 ,BiA)起搏对阵发房颤 (PAf)患者心房激动时间的影响。方法 2 2例接受心脏电生理评价试验的PAf患者在窦性心律下行心房不同部位起搏 ,同步记录 12 -导心电图 ,测量最大P波时限。结果与窦性P波时限相比 ,RAA起搏明显延长P波时限 (P <0 0 1) ,DCS、DSA及BiA起搏则明显缩短P波时限 (P <0 0 1)结论DCS、DSA及BiA起搏明显缩短心房激动时间 ,减少心房电活动的离散度 ,有利于PAf的防治     

静脉注射伊布利特转复心房颤动或心房扑动的临床分析

目的观察伊布利特注射液转复持续时间〈90d的心房颤动（简称房颤）、心房扑动（简称房扑）的有效性及安全性。方法选择心电图确诊为房颤、房扑，心室率≥60次／min且发作在90d以内的患者共52例，随机分为普罗帕酮组和伊布利特组，每组均为26例。伊布利特组：体重≥60kg者，首次静脉推注伊布利特注射液1mg；停用药后10min仍为房颤或房扑，再次静脉推注1mg。体重〈60kg者，首次0．01mg／kg静脉推注；停用药后10min仍为房颤或房扑，再次静脉给予0．01mg／kg，中途转复则立即停用。普罗帕酮组首次70mg静脉推注普罗帕酮，如无效，10min后再给予35mg，中途转复则立即停用。结果2组均能有效降低房颤或房扑的心室率，伊布利特组房颤、房扑的转复率明显高于普罗帕酮组，差异有统计学意义（65％对比42％，P〈0．01）。2组平均转复时间相比，伊布利特组明显短于普罗帕酮组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。伊布利特组3例出现短阵室性心动过速，普罗帕酮组2例出现低血压。结论伊布利特是一种起效快，对房扑、房颤患者转复率高的新型抗心律失常药物，与普罗帕酮比较，伊布利特对房扑、房颤的转复有明显的优势。     

Effect of prophylactic bisoprolol plus magnesium on the incidence of atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass surgery: results of a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT

Objective: Bisoprolol, a highly cardioselective β₁‐blockers, is widely used to treat elderly patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart failure. The current literature lacks evidence regarding its potency to prevent atrial fibrillation (AF) following cardiac surgery. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of bisoprolol plus magnesium (Mg) in the prophylaxis of AF after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.

Research design and methods: A total of 100 consecutive patients subjected to elective on-pump CABG (84 men, age 65 ± 8 [SD] years), with no prior AF history, were randomly assigned to the prophylaxis group (?n = 50) receiving after surgery bisoprolol (5?mg/day) plus Mg (intravenous infusion of 2?g of Mg on arrival in the intensive care unit, followed by oral Mg at 1800?mg/day for 1 week), or to the control group (?n = 50), receiving no combined study medication but remaining on their preoperative drugs, including β‐blockers. All patients were continuously monitored to identify the onset of AF.

Results: In the prophylaxis group the incidence of postoperative AF was significantly lower, with 20% (10 / 50) compared to 42% (21 / 50) among controls (?p = 0.030, 95% confidence interval [CI] for absolute risk reduction [ARR], 2–42%). Particularly in the elderly, bisoprolol plus Mg was effective in preventing AF; in the prophylaxis group only six of 36 (17%) patients ≥ 65 years of age developed AF, compared to 13 of 20 (65%) in the control group (?p < 0.001, 95% CI for ARR, 17–65%). This was associated with significantly (?p = 0.022) shorter hospital stays in the prophylaxis group (median of 7 vs. 9 days, 95% CI for difference in medians, 0–3 days).

Conclusions: The combination of bisoprolol plus Mg effectively reduces the incidence of postoperative AF following on-pump CABG, particularly in elderly patients, and is associated with a shorter hospital length of stay.     

普伐他汀减少阵发性孤立性房颤患者房颤发作及其机制

目的研究普伐他汀对阵发性孤立性房颤患者房颤发作的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法50例阵发性孤立性房颤患者随机分为普伐他汀治疗组与对照组,每组25例,随访12个月,记录房颤发作次数,治疗前后分别测定血清肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor—alpha,TNF-α）,C反应蛋白（C—reactive protein,CRP）和白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）水平,并进行比较。结果普伐他汀治疗12个月后阵发性孤立性房颤患者房颤发作次数明显减少（17．5±5．5次／年vs26．1±6．0次／年,P〈0．05）,血清中TNF—α,CRP和IL-6水平较治疗前显著降低（61．78±10．50ng／L vs85．60±10．35ng／L;7．36±4．95mg／Lvs16．75±5．07mg／L;72．18±9．95ng／L vs110．20±10．05ng／L;P〈0．05）,对照组各指标无明显改变（均P〉0．05）。结论普伐他汀长期治疗能减少阵发性孤立性房颤患者房颤发作次数,其机制可能与降低血清中炎症因子水平有关。     

针刺治疗偏头痛的系统评价和Meta分析

目的:应用Meta分析方法,系统评价针刺治疗偏头痛的疗效和分析国内外评价疗效差异的原因。方法:检索Pubmed、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)等数据库,筛选针刺治疗偏头痛的随机对照临床试验(randomized controlled trials,RCT),应用Cochrane协作网提供的Rev Man 5.0软件进行统计分析。结果:本研究共纳入12篇高质量的、以假针刺组为对照的RCT。Meta分析结果显示:针刺治疗结束时,真针刺和假针刺组的有效率分别为49.5%和43.3%,两组之间有统计学差异(OR=1.28,95%CI:1.02~1.61,P=0.03);随访结束时,两组的有效率分别为47.7%和38.5%,两组间无统计学差异(OR=1.33,95%CI:0.70~2.51,P=0.39)。对国内及国外临床试验进行亚组分析发现,在治疗结束及随访结束时,国内试验针刺组的有效率均显著高于假针刺组(P<0.05),而国外临床试验均显示两组间无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:上述结果提示在治疗期间针刺对偏头痛具有一定疗效,但治疗停止的随访期间针刺的疗效不显著。国内外临床试验在设计及执行等方面差异较大,今后尚需更多科学严谨的、符合中医特点的高质量RCT来验证针刺治疗偏头痛的疗效。     

Quality of oral anticoagulation control in Chinese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a prospective controlled study

Abstract

Objective

The sex, age, medical history, treatment, tobacco use, race risk (SAMe-TT₂R₂) Score; the sex, age, medical history, treatment, tobacco use, genotype combination (SAMe-TT₂G₂) Score; and the so-called modified SAMe-TT₂R₂ scores have been proposed to predict the anticoagulation quality for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The data from a prospective controlled study is used to validate the SAMe-TT₂R₂ and SAMe-TT₂G₂ scores in Chinese NVAF patients treated with warfarin and to evaluate the association of factors with time in therapeutic range (TTR) to predict the quality of oral anticoagulation control.