lncRNA NEAT1与消化系统恶性肿瘤预后及临床病理特征关系的Meta分析

背景与目的 长链非编码RNA核富集转录本1（lncRNA NEAT1）在多种实体肿瘤中表达失调并与不良预后密切相关,但其与消化系统恶性肿瘤患者预后之间关系仍不明确。因此,本研究通过系统评价及Meta分析探讨lncRNA NEAT1对消化系统恶性肿瘤患者预后的影响及其与临床病理特征之间的关系。方法 在线检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、中国知网和万方数据库,检索时间均从建库至2021年10月18日,收集公开发表的关于lncRNA NEAT1表达与消化系统恶性肿瘤患者预后或临床病理特征之间关系的队列研究,由2名研究者根据纳入和排除标准对文献进行筛选并提取相关数据,采用Stata 12.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 最终共纳入20项研究,2 031例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者。纳入研究的NOS评分均在6~9分之间,其中16项研究报道了总体生存率（OS）,5项研究报道了无病生存率（DFS）,19项研究报道了临床病理学特征。Meta分析结果显示：NEAT1高表达的消化系统恶性肿瘤患者OS（HR=1.66,95% CI=1.41~1.97,P<0.001）和DFS（HR=2.0,95% CI=1.51~2.65,P<0.001）均低于NEAT1低表达或不表达患者。根据生存分析方法、NEAT1表达截取值、样本量和随访时间进行亚组分析结果显示,NEAT1高表达患者的OS均明显降低（均P<0.05）。此外,临床病理特征分析结果显示：较高水平的NEAT1患者的肿瘤直径更大（OR=2.20,95% CI=1.73~2.79,P<0.001）、临床分期更晚（OR=3.10,95% CI=1.95~4.92,P<0.001）、淋巴结转移（OR=1.94,95% CI=1.30~2.90,P=0.001）及远处转移的风险更高（OR=2.58,95% CI=1.88~3.54,P<0.001）,其与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤分化程度及脉管浸润之间无明显关系（均P>0.05）。结论 lncRNA NEAT1高表达是消化系统恶性肿瘤的不利预后因素,且与不良临床病理特征密切相关,有望作为消化系统恶性肿瘤病情监测及预后判断的重要参考指标。     

系统免疫炎症指数与胃癌患者预后关系的Meta分析

背景与目的 系统性免疫炎症指数（SII）一种新的炎症和预后标志物,但其与胃癌患者预后之间的关系仍有争议。因此,本研究通过系统评价和Meta分析评估SII与胃癌患者预后的关系,以为临床决策提供循证医学证据。方法 检索PubMed、EMBASE、Web of Science、Cochrane Library数据库,收集SII与胃癌患者预后关系的队列研究,检索时间均为建库至2020年7月28日。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入文献的偏倚风险,采用Stata 12.0件进行数据分析。结果 共纳入12项回顾性队列研究,包括7 244例患者。Meta分析结果显示,较高水平SII的胃癌患者总生存期（OS）与无病生存期（DFS）/无复发生存期（RFS）均缩短（HR=1.28,95% CI=1.16~1.41,P<0.001;HR=1.34,95% CI=1.06~1.70,P=0.013）。根据国家、治疗方案、样本量进行的亚组分析结果显示,较高水平SII均与OS缩短有关（均P<0.05）。SII达临界值600或以上时,较高水平SII与OS缩短有关（HR=1.56,95% CI=1.34~1.80,P<0.001）,但SII在临界值600以下时,SII与OS无明显关系（P>0.05）。研究时间≥6年时,较高水平SII与OS缩短有关（HR=1.65,95% CI=1.21~2.25,P<0.001）,但研究时间<6年时,SII与OS无明显关系（P>0.05）。此外,较高水平SII患者的TNM分期晚（OR=2.45,95% CI=1.75~3.44,P<0.001）、淋巴结转移风险高（OR=1.72,95% CI=1.27~2.32,P<0.001）、肿瘤体积大（OR=2.45,95% CI=1.75~3.44,P<0.001）、分化程度较差（OR=2.45,95% CI=1.75~3.44,P<0.001）。结论 SII可作为胃癌患者的预后标志物,较高水平SII的胃癌患者可能预后不良。受所纳入的研究数量与质量限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证。     

机器人辅助胃癌根治术后腹腔感染的危险因素及预后分析

背景与目的 腹腔感染是胃癌根治术后常见的并发症,但目前有关机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染的影响因素及相关预后研究报道较少。本研究旨在分析和探讨机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染的危险因素及预后,以期为临床提供参考。方法 回顾甘肃省人民医院普外一科2017年1月—2021年3月行机器人辅助胃癌根治术的262例胃癌患者临床资料,分析患者术后腹腔感染的发生情况及其影响因素,以及术后腹腔感染对患者治疗结局与预后的影响。结果 在262例患者中,14例（5.34%）术后发生腹腔感染,感染原因分别为腹腔脓肿12例（4.58%）、横结肠瘘1例（0.38%）、胰瘘1例（0.38%）;Clavien-Dindo分级包括II级9例（3.44%）,IIIa级4例（1.53%）,IIIb级1例（0.38%）。单因素分析结果显示,体质量指数（BMI）、术前白蛋白、术前贫血、肿瘤直径、术中联合脏器切除、术中出血量、pTNM分期、N分期、肿瘤淋巴血管侵犯、神经侵犯和术后第3天中性粒细胞百分比（NEUT%）与机器人辅助胃癌根治术后发生腹腔感染有关（均P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,BMI<18.5 kg/m²（OR=11.160,95% CI=2.289~54.410,P=0.003）、术前白蛋白<30 g/L（OR=6.612,95% CI=1.630~26.820,P=0.008）、术中联合脏器切除（OR=5.236,95% CI=1.068~25.661,P=0.041）、肿瘤淋巴血管侵犯（OR=8.151,95% CI=1.771~37.52,P=0.007）和术后第3天NEUT%（OR=1.208,95% CI=1.069~1.366,P=0.003）是机器人辅助胃癌根治术后患者发生腹腔感染的独立危险因素。对术后第1、3、7天NEUT%行ROC曲线分析,结果表明,术后第3天NEUT%诊断术后腹腔感染的AUC（0.805）最大,其最佳截断值为82.65%,敏感度为71.4%,特异度为84.7%。与无术后腹腔感染的患者比较,有感染患者术后首次通气时间、首次进流食时间、术后1~7 d腹腔引流量、腹腔引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间及住院总费用均明显增加（均P<0.05）。生存分析结果显示,术后腹腔感染患者的总生存率低于无腹腔感染患者（45.4% vs. 67.8%,P=0.046）。结论 对于有以上危险因素的患者,在行机器人辅助胃癌根治术后要积极预防腹腔感染的发生,从而促进患者术后恢复、改善患者术后生存。术后第3天NEUT%对于预测机器人辅助胃癌根治术后腹腔感染有一定的价值。     

不同病理学类型的腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者的预后分析及临床评价

背景与目的 腹膜后脂肪肉瘤是一种罕见的软组织肉瘤,其发病率低,预后差,治疗手段有限,不同病理学类型之间患者的预后差异较大,缺少针对该类患者的大样本临床研究证据,临床个体化治疗方案制定困难。本研究旨在探讨不同病理学类型腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者预后的影响因素,并分别探讨手术、放射、化疗在他们中的应用价值。方法 从SEER数据库提取1975—2016年期间经病理学确诊且有完整随访记录的腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者资料,根据纳入和排除标准严格筛选病例,依据ICD-O-3分为高分化脂肪肉瘤、去分化脂肪肉瘤、黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤、多形性脂肪肉瘤、混合脂肪肉瘤5类,比较不同病理学类型患者间肿瘤特异生存（CSS）和总生存（OS）的差异,并分析患者CSS与OS的影响因素。结果 共纳入2 296例腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者,其中,高分化脂肪肉瘤917例,去分化脂肪肉瘤847例,黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤302例,多形性脂肪肉瘤135例,混合脂肪肉瘤95例。中位随访42个月（IQR：13~90个月）。估算的5年OS分别为高分化脂肪肉瘤74.99%（95% CI=71.65%~78.01%）、去分化脂肪肉瘤42.83%（95% CI=38.87%~46.73%）、黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤50.13%（95% CI=47.02%~58.86%）、多形性脂肪肉瘤34.69%（95% CI=26.39%~43.11%）、混合脂肪肉瘤57.67%（95% CI=46.43%~67.37%）,Log-rank检验显示,组间差异有统计学意义（χ²=211.54,P<0.000 1）。估算的5年CSS分别为高分化脂肪肉瘤87.98%（95% CI=85.23%~90.25%）、去分化脂肪肉瘤57.78%（95% CI=50.46%~61.85%）、黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤64.99%（95% CI=58.64%~70.62%）、多形性脂肪肉瘤46.02%（95% CI=36.22%~55.25%）、混合脂肪肉瘤67.33%（95% CI=55.71%~76.53%）,Log-rank检验显示,组间差异有统计学意义（χ²=227.92,P<0.000 1）。不同病理学类型Cox多因素分析显示,年龄是各病理学类型患者预后的独立影响因素（均P<0.05）。在高分化组脂肪肉瘤患者中,根治性和非根治性手术均能提高OS（根治性：HR=0.42,95% CI=0.19~0.92,P=0.031;非根治性：HR=0.40,95% CI=0.18~0.88,P=0.023）和CSS（根治性：HR=0.32,95% CI=0.16~0.63,P=0.001;非根治性：HR=0.23,95% CI=0.12~0.44,P=0.001）;化疗会降低患者的OS（HR=2.29,95% CI=1.54~3.40,P<0.001）和CSS（HR=3.55,95% CI=2.16~5.83,P<0.001）。在去分化脂肪肉瘤患者中,根治性和非根治性手术均能提高OS（根治性：HR=0.25,95% CI=0.18~0.35,P<0.001;非根治性：HR=0.34,95% CI=0.24~0.47,P<0.001）和CSS（根治性：HR=0.22,95% CI=0.15~0.33,P<0.001;非根治性：HR=0.31,95% CI=0.21~0.45,P<0.001）;放疗能提高CSS（HR=0.75,95% CI=0.57~0.99,P=0.043）;化疗会降低OS（HR=1.33,95% CI=1.05~1.69,P=0.018）和CSS（HR=1.64,95% CI=1.24~2.18,P=0.001）。放疗能提高黏液样/圆细胞脂肪肉瘤患者的OS（HR=0.66,95% CI=0.47~0.92,P=0.015）和CSS（HR=0.54,95% CI=0.34~0.84,P=0.007）。结论 年龄是影响不同病理学类型腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者预后的独立危险因素。腹膜后脂肪肉瘤患者的治疗,应以病理学分类为导向制定个体化治疗方案。手术切除是高分化和去分化脂肪肉瘤最佳适应证。对于手术方式的选择,应综合评价患者全身情况。在高分化脂肪肉瘤患者中R₀切除不是必须的,R₁切除或者局部治疗（包括微波、射频等）也能达到提高患者OS和CSS的作用。而对于去分化脂肪肉瘤,则应争取达到R₀切除。放疗是黏液样/圆形细胞脂肪肉瘤的最佳适应证,同时也是去分化脂肪肉瘤患者治疗手段的重要补充。在高分化和去分化病理学类型中,化疗会增加患者的死亡风险。     

胰体尾切除术后胰瘘发生率及其影响因素分析

背景与目的 胰瘘是胰体尾切除（DP）术后最常见并发症,其与患者的预后及转归有着密切的关系。因此,本研究在探讨DP术后胰瘘发生情况及其影响因素,为制订防治措施提供依据。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月—2021年2月中国人民解放军空军军医大学第二附属医院收治的99例因胰腺肿瘤行DP术患者的临床资料,统计患者术后胰瘘的发生率,对可能导致术后胰瘘发生的相关因素行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果 99例患者DP术后生化漏发生率为34.3%（34/99）,B级胰瘘发生率18.2%（18/99）,C级胰瘘发生率1.0%（1/99）。单因素分析结果示,年龄、手术时间、胰管直径及是否联合脾切与胰瘘发生明显有关（均P<0.05）,多因素Logistic回归分析结果示,年龄<42岁（OR=0.955,95% CI=0.914~0.998）、手术时间≥253 min（OR=1.013,95% CI=1.005~1.021）及联合脾切术（OR=4.152,95% CI=1.043~16.535）为DP术后胰瘘的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。结论 DP术后有一定的胰瘘发生率,年龄、手术时间、联合脾切是DP术后胰瘘的独立危险因素。这些危险因素评估对术后胰瘘的风险预测及防范措施的制定提供了一定的依据。     

神经旁浸润阳性胃癌患者的临床特征与预后分析

背景与目的 神经旁浸润（PNI）是胃癌局部外侵转移的生物学特性之一,其临床价值尚未得到重视。本研究旨在探讨胃癌伴发PNI的临床病理特征以及PNI对胃癌患者预后的影响。方法 回顾性分析2011年6月—2016年12月期间施行开腹根治性胃切除手术的543例胃癌患者的临床病理资料。根据癌组织PNI结果,胃癌患者分为PNI阳性组和PNI阴性组,比较两组在临床病理指标上的差异。应用倾向评分匹配法均衡两组与预后相关的基本资料变量,采用Kaplan-Meier法进行生存分析,采用Cox风险回归模型分析与PNI阳性胃癌患者术后生存相关的危险因素。结果 全组胃癌患者中PNI阳性率21.18%（115/543）。匹配前两组的肿瘤大小、肿瘤部位、细胞分化程度、肿瘤TNM分期、脉管侵犯、手术切除范围及术后辅助化疗等方面差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;匹配后,PNI阳性组56例,PNI阴性组98例,两组患者基线资料均衡（均P>0.05）。PNI阳性组的总生存时间（OS）明显短于PNI阴性组（中位OS：19个月vs. 49个月,P=0.002）;亚组分析显示,TNM I~II患者中,PNI阳性对OS无明显影响（P=0.432）,但明显缩短III期患者的OS（中位OS：18个月vs. 2个月,P<0.001）。在PNI阳性患者中,术后辅助化疗对I~II期患者的OS无明显影响（P=0.975）,但能明显延长III患者的OS（中位OS：18个月vs. 2个月,P<0.001）。单因素分析结果提示年龄（P=0.008）、TNM分期（P=0.034）和术后辅助化疗（P=0.006）与PNI阳性胃癌患者术后预后紧密相关;多因素分析发现TNM分期处于III期（HR=2.591,95% CI=1.291~5.198,P=0.007）、未进行术后辅助化疗（HR=0.345,95% CI=0.184~0.649,P=0.001）是影响PNI阳性胃癌患者预后的独立危险因素。结论 PNI阳性胃癌患者的预后明显差于PNI阴性胃癌患者,其对预后的影响在TNM III期患者中尤为明显。积极的术后辅助化疗有助于改善该类胃癌患者的预后。     

神经外科重症患者术后谵妄的危险因素分析

目的 分析和探讨神经外科重症患者发生术后谵妄的危险因素。方法 本研究采用连续入组方便取样的方法,纳入符合入选标准的患者。统计术中出血量与手术时间、术后血红蛋白、白蛋白、淋巴细胞相对值、中性粒细胞相对值、红细胞压积、体温、机械通气时间、格拉斯哥昏迷评分（GCS）和二氧化碳结合力等,应用意识模糊评估法（CAM-ICU）对患者进行评估,采用多因素Logistic回归分析术后谵妄的危险因素。结果 本研究共纳入130例患者,其中谵妄患者58例（谵妄组）,余72例患者纳入非谵妄组。单因素分析显示：谵妄组患者的术后血红蛋白、白蛋白、红细胞压积、GCS评分和二氧化碳结合力明显低于非谵妄组,术后淋巴细胞相对值、中性粒细胞相对值、体温明显高于非谵妄组,机械通气时间明显长于非谵妄组（P<0.05）。Logistic多元回归分析显示：体温（OR=2.261,95％CI 1.094~4.673,P=0.028）、机械通气时间（OR=1.006,95％CI 1.002~1.009,P=0.001）、GCS评分（OR=1.436,95％CI 1.211~1.703,P＜0.001）和二氧化碳结合力（OR=1.176,95％CI 1.086~1.274,P＜0.001）是神经外科重症患者谵妄的独立危险因素。结论 随着体温升高、机械通气时间延长、GCS评分降低和二氧化碳结合力降低,神经外科重症患者谵妄的发生率增高。     

胆囊神经内分泌癌临床特征及诊治分析：附3例报告并文献回顾

背景与目的 胆囊原发性神经内分泌癌（GB-NEC）极为罕见且预后差,由于GB-NEC病例非常少见,目前少有系统总结其临床特征的研究。因此,本研究对扬州大学附属兴化市人民医院收治的GB-NEC病例及近20年中文献报道的GB-NEC病例进行总结分析,以期提高对该病的认识。方法 回顾收治的3例GB-NEC患者资料,并收集2000年1月—2020年12月间文献报道的121例GB-NEC病例的相关资料,分析患者的基本临床特征、预后因素及治疗结局。结果 收治的3例患者均因腹痛等非特异性症状就诊,3例均行手术治疗,术后病理与免疫组化证实均为GB-NEC（1例意外胆囊癌）。3例均行术后辅助化疗,中短期随访期间2例死亡,1例存活。124例GB-NEC患者的中位年龄为58岁,其中女性占62.9%（78/124）;72.1%（44/61）为小细胞癌,32.5%（29/84）为混合型神经内分泌癌。中位生存时间在全组患者中为11个月,在不同临床分期患者中随着临床分期增加而缩短。将49例有完整资料的患者纳入分析,结果显示,年龄>80岁（HR=1.364,95% CI=1.026~1.860,P=0.049）、TNM分期（II期vs. I期：HR=10.408,95% CI=2.554~42.404,P=0.001;III期vs. I期：HR=13.167,95% CI=3.288~52.732,P<0.001;IV期vs. I期：HR=38.022,95% CI=9.738~148.459,P<0.001）、手术（非根治术vs.未手术：HR=0.122,95% CI=0.022~0.786,P=0.027;根治术vs.未手术：HR=0.088,95% CI=0.019~0.481,P=0.006）、化疗与否（HR=0.517,95% CI=0.305~0.983,P=0.042）是生存结局的独立影响因素。糖类抗原125（CA125）水平的升高与更晚的临床分期相关（r=0.727,P<0.05）。亚组分析中,术式（胆囊切除术vs.根治术：HR=2.889,95% CI=0.908~9.168,P=0.072）、化疗与否（HR=3.120,95% CI=0.768~12.676,P=0.112）对于I、II期患者的结局影响差异无统计学意义。术式（胆囊+转移灶切除术vs.根治术：HR=0.675,95% CI=0.113~4.023,P=0.667）和化疗与否（HR=2.109,95% CI=0.808~5.994,P=0.127）对III期患者结局的影响无统计学意义。IV期患者行化疗有生存优势（HR=2.785,95% CI=1.376~5.636,P=0.004）,主要体现在小细胞癌患者（中位值生存时间：9个月vs. 3个月,P<0.001）,而对大细胞癌患者效果不显著（中位值生存时间：5个月vs. 2个月,P=0.247）;手术不能改善IV期患者预后（根治术vs.未手术：HR=0.533,95% CI=0.232~1.233,P=0.138;非根治术vs.未手术：HR=0.932,95% CI=0.434~2.000,P=0.856）。结论 提高早期诊断率是改善GB-NEC患者预后的关键。I~III期患者可行手术切除,但胆囊癌根治术是不必要的;晚期小细胞癌患者行化疗可以帮助提高生存率以及手术切除可能。CA125可能作为GB-NEC的预后指标,但需要更多的研究证明。     

全麻患者术后麻醉重症监护室中新发下肢深静脉血栓的危险因素

目的 筛选全麻术后转入麻醉重症监护室（AICU）的患者新发下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）的危险因素。
方法 回顾性收集2022年5—8月择期行全麻下手术后带气管插管转入AICU的患者192例，男105例，女87例，年龄18～85岁，BMI 18～31 kg/m²，ASA Ⅱ或Ⅲ级。收集患者基线资料、麻醉手术资料及实验室检查资料。根据入AICU 6 h内的超声结果是否有新发DVT将患者分为两组：DVT组和非DVT组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选AICU中患者术后6 h内新发DVT的危险因素及其95%可信区间（CI）。
结果 全麻术后在AICU新发DVT的患者有64例（33.3%），均为小腿肌间静脉血栓（CMVT）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，术前心律失常（OR=2.236，95%CI 1.011～4.943，P=0.047）、术前血小板计数高（OR=1.006，95%CI 1.002～1.010，P=0.007）、术前D-二聚体浓度高（OR=1.203，95%CI 1.046～1.383，P=0.010）、术中低血压（OR=1.010，95%CI 1.002～1.019，P=0.020）和术中应用去甲肾上腺素（OR=3.796，95%CI 1.697～8.492，P=0.001）是全麻术后AICU中患者新发DVT的危险因素；阿司匹林规律服用史（OR=0.176，95%CI 0.060～0.518，P=0.002）是其保护因素。
结论 术前心律失常、术前血小板计数高、术前D-二聚体浓度高、术中低血压及术中应用去甲肾上腺素是全麻手术后AICU患者6 h内新发DVT的危险因素。     

肝细胞癌微血管侵犯的危险因素及其对预后的影响分析

背景与目的 肝细胞癌（HCC）在我国属于较常见的恶性肿瘤,根治性切除是其首选治疗方式,但是术后复发仍然严重影响患者的预后。在众多影响因素中,微血管侵犯（MVI）被认为是HCC患者术后复发风险的重要预测指标。因此,本研究探讨HCC患者MVI的危险因素及MVI对根治术术后预后的影响,以期为临床治疗提供更多的参考指标。方法 回顾性收集2017年2月—2020年2月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九〇四医院肝胆外科收治的150例行HCC根治术患者的临床病理资料。病理检查证实42例有MVI,108例无MVI,通过两组患者的临床数据分析MVI的影响因素,通过随访数据分析两组患者术后的生存情况。结果 单变量分析结果显示,肿瘤最大直径、术前甲胎蛋白（AFP）、术前血小板（PLT）与HCC患者MVI发生有关（均P<0.05）。多变量分析结果显示,肿瘤最大直径（>5 cm）、术前AFP（≥400 μg/L）、术前PLT（>200×10⁹/L）也是HCC患者MVI发生的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。150例患者均获得随访,随访时间范围12~48个月,中位时间为26个月。与无MVI患者比较,有MVI患者术后1、2年总体生存率明显降低（76.19% vs. 91.67%,P<0.05;47.20% vs. 78.70%,P<0.05）,中位生存时间明显缩短（23个月 vs. 34个月,P<0.05）。结论 肿瘤较大、术前AFP与PLT水平较高的HCC患者发生MVI的风险升高,对于此类患者应进行严格的术后随访,以便一旦出现复发征象及时进行后续治疗,改善患者生存。     

Body mass index predicts new-onset atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery

Objective: New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) after cardiac surgery is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Since obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent, identifying body mass index (BMI) as a risk factor for POAF could be of importance. The aim of our study is to investigate the effect of BMI on POAF, independent of other risk factors. Methods: We analyzed data of 6788 men and 2560 women who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting, valve surgery, or a combination of both, and who had no history of atrial fibrillation. Men and women were analyzed separately because risk factors of POAF were expected to be distributed unequally over both sexes. Results: The independent effect of gender was analyzed in a combined model. POAF occurred in 2517/9348 (27%) of patients. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that BMI (odds ratio (OR) 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–1.04; p < 0.001 in men and OR 1.03; 95% CI: 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001 in women), age (OR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.05–1.07; p < 0.001 in men and OR 1.05; 95% CI: 1.04–1.06; p < 0.001 in women), valve surgery compared to coronary surgery (e.g., mitral valve surgery compared to coronary artery bypass grafting: OR 3.4; 95% CI: 2.4–4.6; p < 0.001 in men and OR 2.9; 95% CI: 2.0–4.3; p < 0.001 in women) and male gender (OR 1.23; 95% CI: 1.09–1.38; p = 0.001) were the only independent risk factors for POAF, whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, extra corporal circulation time, and transfusion of blood products were not. Conclusion: Body mass index, age, undergoing valve surgery and male gender, are independent risk factors for POAF.     

髂静脉支架置入术后支架闭塞的危险因素分析

背景与目的 髂静脉支架置入术（IVS）能有效解除左下肢深静脉流出道梗阻、降低慢性静脉功能不全发生率，然而，IVS后支架闭塞仍然难以避免。因此，本研究探讨下肢静脉疾病患者行IVS后支架闭塞的相关因素。方法 收集自2015年3月—2020年8月由海南省人民医院血管外科收治的183行IVS患者的临床资料，采用单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析筛选患者发生支架闭塞的危险因素，以及采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）评估各因素的预测效能。结果 183例患者被纳入研究，其中非血栓性髂静脉压迫综合征患者（NIVCS）47例、急性下肢深静脉血栓形成患者（DVT）92例、血栓后综合征患者（PTS）44例。NIVCS患者、下肢DVT患者和PTS患者IVS术后12个月一期通畅率分别为89.4%、81.5%、54.5%。单因素分析结果显示，支架超过腹股沟韧带、支架未完全覆盖病变、支架术后侧支存在、流入道有血栓、放置多个支架、支架长度与发生支架闭塞发生明显有关（均P<0.05）；多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，支架未完全覆盖病变（95% CI=1.144~5.477，P=0.022），支架术后侧支存在（OR=2.506，95% CI=1.155~5.431，P=0.020）为支架闭塞的独立危险因素。ROC曲线结果显示，支架未完全覆盖病变预测静脉支架闭塞发生的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.623（95% CI=0.522~0.725，P=0.015），敏感度为45.2%，特异度为79.4%；支架术后有侧支存在的AUC为0.607（95% CI=0.506~0.707，P=0.036），敏感度为47.6%，特异度为73.8%。结论 支架未完全覆盖病变及支架术后有侧支存在患者IVS术后发生支架闭塞的可能性更大，应加强随访，酌情延长抗凝时间。同时，随访期间发现有支架狭窄时应尽早外科干预，降低支架闭塞发生率。     

Mortality in Older Patients with Breast Cancer Undergoing Breast Surgery: How Low is “Low Risk”?

Background

Breast surgery carries a low risk of postoperative mortality. For older patients with multiple comorbidities, even low-risk procedures can confer some increased perioperative risk. We sought to identify factors associated with postoperative mortality in breast cancer patients ≥70 years to create a nomogram for predicting risk of death within 90 days.

Methods

Patients diagnosed with nonmetastatic invasive breast cancer (2010–2016) were selected from the National Cancer Database. Unadjusted OS was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association of age and surgery with 90-day mortality and to build a predictive nomogram.

Results

Among surgical patients ≥70 years, unadjusted 90-day mortality increased with increasing age (70–74 = 0.4% vs. ≥85 = 1.6%), comorbidity score (0 = 0.5% vs. ≥3 = 2.7%), and disease stage (I = 0.4% vs. III = 2.7%; all p < 0.001). After adjustment, death within 90 days of surgery was associated with higher age (≥85 vs. 70–74: odds ratio [OR] 3.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.74–3.65), comorbidity score (≥3 vs. 0: OR 4.79, 95% CI 3.89–5.89), and disease stage (III vs. I: OR 4.30, 95% CI 3.69–5.00). Based on these findings, seven variables (age, gender, comorbidity score, facility type, facility location, clinical stage, and surgery type) were selected to build a nomogram; estimates of risk of death within 90 days ranged from <1 to >30%.

Conclusions

Breast operations remain relatively low-risk procedures for older patients with breast cancer, but select factors can be used to estimate the risk of postoperative mortality to guide surgical decision-making among older women.

     

三维重建技术与二维影像辅助肝切除术的Meta分析

背景与目的:医学影像三维重建技术的应用,为术前精确评估、手术方案规划及手术操作提供了更直观更准确的数据支持,但三维重建技术是否在肝脏切除中更有优势,目前还缺乏高质量证据的支持.因此,本研究系统评价三维重建与二维影像辅助肝切除术的临床效果.方法:计算机检索多个国内外数据库,搜集公开发表的有关三维重建技术与二维影像辅助肝切...     

Risk factors for venous thromboembolism following surgical treatment of fractures: A systematic review and meta-analysis

This study aimed to determine the risk factors for postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients treated surgically for fractures using a meta-analytic approach. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library from inception until February 2022. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to calculate the pooled effect estimate using the random-effects model. Sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias tests were also performed. Forty-four studies involving 3 239 291 patients and reporting 11 768 VTE cases were selected for the meta-analysis. We found that elderly (OR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.38-2.15; P < .001), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) ≥ 3 (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.46-2.29; P < .001), blood transfusion (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.14-2.92; P = .013), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.22-1.61; P < .001), elevated D-dimer (OR: 4.55; 95% CI: 2.08-9.98; P < .001), diabetes mellitus (DM) (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.19-1.54; P < .001), hypertension (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.09-1.56; P = .003), immobility (OR: 3.45; 95% CI: 2.23-5.32; P < .001), lung disease (LD) (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.29-4.47; P = .006), obesity (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.27-1.82; P < .001), peripheral artery disease (PAD) (OR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.21-3.73; P = .008), prior thromboembolic event (PTE) (OR: 5.17; 95% CI: 3.14-8.50; P < .001), and steroid use (OR: 2.37; 95% CI: 1.73-3.24; P < .001) were associated with an increased risk of VTE. Additionally, regional anaesthesia (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.45-0.96; P = .029) was associated with a reduced risk of VTE following surgical treatment of fractures. However, alcohol intake, cancer, current smoking, deep surgical site infection, fusion surgery, heart failure, hypercholesterolemia, liver and kidney disease, sex, open fracture, operative time, preoperative anticoagulant use, rheumatoid arthritis, and stroke were not associated with the risk of VTE. Post-surgical risk factors for VTE include elderly, ASA ≥ 3, blood transfusion, CVD, elevated D-dimer, DM, hypertension, immobility, LD, obesity, PAD, PTE, and steroid use.     

Positive association between preoperative lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio and risk of the status of positive surgical margins by prostate cancer: results in 497 consecutive patients treated only by radical prostatectomy

BackgroundPositive surgical margins (PSM) is one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa) patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). Although some studies have found the preoperative systematic inflammation-based scores the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) can predict the incidence and prognosis of PCa, few studies have explored the predictive value of preoperative systematic inflammation-based scores on the PSMs for PCa patients after RP.MethodsFrom June 2014 to September 2020 a total of 497 patients underwent RP at our institution. Blood samples from all patients were collected within one week before surgery. Preoperative clinical characteristics including age, body mass index (BMI), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and biopsy Gleason sum (BGS) were assessed. Postoperatively pathological specimens were assessed for pathological Gleason sum (PGS), pathological stage, and margin status.ResultsIn the multivariable analysis including preoperative variables, PSA and LMR were the independent predictive factors for PSM (OR: 2.817; 95% CI, 1.836–4.320, P<0.001; OR: 1.124; 95% CI, 1.018–1.240, P=0.021. Considering pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables, BGS, perineural invasion, seminal vesicle invasion (SVI), pathologic Gleason sum (PGS) combined, were associated with increased risk of PSM in the univariable analysis (P<0.001 for all variables). However, in the multivariable analysis, perineural invasion (OR: 2.672; 95% CI, 1.649–4.330; P<0.001), PGS (OR: 2.52; 95% CI, 1.556–4.082; P<0.001) were independent predictive factors for the incidence of PSM. Finally, LMR was shown to be an independent predictive factor (OR: 0.881; 95% CI, 0.779–0.996; P=0.043) for apical PSMs, with increasing LMR predicting the lower incidence of apex location. And we also found that LMR was an independent factor that predicts multifocal positive margins (OR: 1.179; 95% CI, 1.023–1.358; P=0.023).ConclusionsPreoperative LMR could be used as an independent predictor to predict the incidence of PSMs after RP. And Considering pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables, we also found that preoperative LMR could predict the occurrence of apical and multifocal PSMs.     

Improvements in pelvic exenteration: Factors responsible for reducing morbidity and mortality

Background: Since pelvic exenteration for the treatment of recurrent gynecologic malignancy first was described, reported rates of morbidity and mortality have declined steadily. However, the factors responsible for this decline have never been clearly delineated. Methods: We reviewed the charts of 154 patients who underwent pelvic exenteration for gynecologic malignancy between 1954 and 1994. Charts were abstracted for details of the surgical procedure, pathologic findings, postoperative management, short- and long-term complications, time to recurrence, and overall survival. Results: Seventy-two patients (47%) experienced 95 identifiable postoperative complications, resulting in death in 22 patients (14%). The rate of infectious complications declined to a statistically significant degree between the first two decades and latter two decades of the study (odds ratio [OR] 0.28, 95% CI 0.11–0.69). The use of routine prophylactic antibiotics was associated with this decline in infectious complications (OR 0.25, 95% CI 0.07–0.83). The use of preoperative subcutaneous heparin was associated with a reduction in thrombotic complications from 5 of 100 patients to 0 of 54 patients (P=.11), as well as a significant reduction in overall risk of complications (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.85) and risk of postoperative mortality (OR 0.19, 95% CI 0.05–0.80). There was a significant reduction in overall risk of postoperative complications with both intensive care unit monitoring postoperatively (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.43–0.99) and routine postoperative monitoring with a pulmonary artery catheter (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.38–0.98). Conclusions: Routine use of prophylactic antibiotics, prophylactic subcutaneous heparin, and intensive postoperative monitoring appear to have reduced morbidity from pelvic exenteration.     

Value of preoperative urine white blood cell and nitrite in predicting postoperative infection following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a meta-analysis

BackgroundTo evaluate to what degree preoperative urine white blood cell (WBC) and urine nitrite (NIT) values are predictive of postoperative infections following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).MethodsA systematic literature search was performed of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Data, National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Science and Technology Journal Database (CSTJ or VIP) online databases to identify relevant studies that examined the predictive value of urine WBC or NIT as risk factors for post-PCNL infection, and the search was finished on February 28, 2020. Two independent reviewers screened the relevant studies, extracted necessary data from the eligible case-control studies (CCS), and assessed the quality of included studies through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). RevMan 5.3 software and the Stata 16.0 software were used to complete the statistical analysis of data. Results are expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsAccording to the statistical analysis of 12 eligible studies involving 6113 patients, positive urine WBC (WBC+: OR =3.86, 95% CI: 3.03–4.91, P<0.001) and positive NIT (NIT⁺: OR =7.81, 95% CI: 5.44–11.21, P<0.001) in preoperative tests were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative infections following PCNL.ConclusionsIn summary, as risk factors for postoperative infections, the presence of preoperative urine WBC+ and NIT+ should be evaluated as part of clinical procedure, in order to reduce infections of PCNL.