环孢素A滴眼液的研制

目的:建立了环孢素A滴眼液的制备方法.方法:采用蓖麻油制备环孢素A滴眼液,用HLPC测定制剂中环孢素A的含量,并对制剂的稳定性进行了考察.结果:本研究研制的环孢素A滴眼液制备工艺简单,质量稳定,含量测定快速、准确.结论:该制剂工艺可用于常规制备环孢素A滴眼液.     

环孢素脂质体滴眼液在兔眼组织的吸收

目的　研究环孢素脂质体滴眼液在兔眼组织的吸收。方法　 4 2只家兔 ,随机分成 0 .2 5、0 .5、1.0、2 .0、4 .0、6 .0、8.0h 7个时间组 ,每一时间组 6只家兔 (12只眼 ) ,右眼应用环孢素橄榄油滴眼液 ,左眼应用环孢素脂质体滴眼液。用药后分别在 7个时间点抽取房水 ,于 0 .5、1.0、2 .0h摘取眼球 ,分离角膜、虹膜、巩膜 ,采用高效液相色谱 质谱法测定各种组织中环孢素的含量 ,并计算药动学参数和脂质体制剂的相对生物利用度。结果　脂质体制剂吸收进入眼组织的环孢素浓度高于橄榄油制剂 ,且有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。房水的药代动力学结果表明 ,脂质体和橄榄油滴眼液的Tmax无显著性差异 ,但Cmax之间有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ;脂质体滴眼液组的相对生物利用度明显高于橄榄油滴眼液组。结论　脂质体可以显著改善环孢素在眼部的吸收 ,提高药物在眼部各组织的分布及环孢素的生物利用度     

0.1%环孢素滴眼液联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗眼干燥症

目的观察0.1%环孢素滴眼液联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗眼干燥症的疗效。方法将60例(120眼)随机分为实验组与对照组,每组30例(60眼)。实验组每日给予0.1%环孢素滴眼液联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液,每日3次,1滴/次。对照组每日给予玻璃酸钠滴眼液,每日3次,1滴/次。两组均连续用药1个月。均以1个月为一疗程,治疗前后均行基础泪液分泌试验(SIt)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、角膜荧光素染色(FLs)检查,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果治疗前两组SIt、BUT、FLs差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后两组SIt、BUT、FLs均较治疗前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后实验组SIt、BUT、FLs优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 0.1%环孢素滴眼液联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液治疗眼干燥症能有效缓解眼部不适症状,优于单用玻璃酸钠滴眼液。     

秦皮滴眼液联合环孢素A滴眼液治疗干眼症效果分析

目的：探讨秦皮滴眼液联合环孢素A滴眼液治疗干眼症的临床效果。方法选取湖北省监利县人民医院收治的42例（84眼）干眼症患者,随机均分为对照组和观察组,每组21例（42眼）。对照组给予环孢素A滴眼液治疗,观察组给予秦皮滴眼液联合环孢素A滴眼液治疗,比较两组患者治疗总有效率、治疗前后Schirmer试验和BUT结果的差异。结果观察组治疗总有效率为81.0%,明显高于对照组的47.6%（P〈0.05）;两组患者治疗前Schirmer试验和BUT结果比较差异均无统计学意义,治疗后观察组Schirmer试验和BUT结果明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论秦皮滴眼液联合环孢素A滴眼液治疗干眼症疗效确切,可显著缓解眼部不适症状,延长SIt和BUT。     

高效液相色谱法测定环磷酰胺壳聚糖滴眼液的含量

目的试制环磷酰胺壳聚糖滴眼液,建立高效液相色谱法测定含量的方法.方法配制含1%壳聚糖和环磷酰胺的滴眼液,对其粘度进行检测,以甲醇-水(58∶42)为流动相,检测波长195nm,柱温50℃,在ODS柱上进行含量检测.结果加入壳聚糖不影响主药的理化性质,对其含量测定无干扰.结论本品制备工艺简单,含测方法准确快速,降低刺激性,为临床眼内肿瘤化疗提供了的药物.     

环孢素A对大鼠脑缺血-再灌注损伤炎症反应的影响

目的　探讨环孢素A对脑缺血 再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法　将 10 8只健康Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、生理盐水对照组和环孢素A组 ,参照Zea Longa线栓法制备局灶性脑缺血 再灌注模型 ,在脑缺血 2h再灌注 2 2h和 70h后 ,分别对各组各时间点大鼠的行为学评分 ,并对脑红四氮唑 (TTC)染色结果、缺血区白介素 1β(IL 1β)含量和髓过氧化物酶 (MPO)活性进行测定和分析。结果　在各时间点环孢素A组与生理盐水对照组相比 ,前者行为学评分优于后者(均P <0 .0 5 ) ;环孢素A组脑梗死灶体积比生理盐水对照组明显缩小 (均P <0 .0 5 ) ;环孢素A组局灶性缺血 再灌注后脑组织中IL 1β的含量明显降低 (均P <0 .0 1) ;环孢素A可显著抑制MPO的活性 (均P <0 .0 1)。假手术组与上述两组相比 ,各项观察指标无明显改变。结论　炎症反应参与脑缺血 再灌注损伤 ,环孢素A可显著降低缺血 再灌注后脑组织中IL 1β的含量、减轻缺血区内白细胞的浸润 ,对大鼠脑缺血 再灌注损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

高效液相色谱法测定甲硝唑滴眼液含量

目的建立高效液相色谱法（HPLC法）测定甲硝唑滴眼液含量的方法。方法采用Waters XTerra RP18色谱柱,流动相为甲醇-水-三乙胺（50：50：0．5）,流速为1．0ml／min,检测波长为280nm。绘制标准曲线,进行精密度、回收率、样品含量测定等试验。结果甲硝唑浓度在44．08～220．4mg／L范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9999）,平均回收率102．56％,RSD为0．68％。结论高效液相色谱法测定甲硝唑滴眼液含量方法简便、准确、专属性强。     

立他司特滴眼液处方工艺优化及对干眼症疗效评价

为了研制更有效的用于治疗干眼症的药物,进行了立他司特滴眼液的制备研究,并进行了体内外的安全性和有效性考察。首先开发了滴眼液中立他司特的含量测定方法。通过文献调研及单因素实验确定了制剂的处方组成和制备工艺。最后通过Draize眼刺激性试验和HE染色进行滴眼液安全性评价,以泪液分泌试验及ELISA试验评价其对于干眼兔的治疗有效性。结果表明,立他司特滴眼液的最终处方组成为立他司特5%、氯化钠0.4%、无水磷酸氢二钠0.3%～0.4%、五水硫代硫酸钠0.3%,氢氧化钠0.3%,外观为透明略带棕黄色的溶液,pH满足7.75±0.05,渗透压200～330 mOsmol/kg范围内,且60℃下3个月内稳定性良好。刺激性研究与生理盐水对比无显著差异,立他司特滴眼液治疗后兔泪液分泌增加且泪液中炎症因子IL-6和IL-1β、TNF-α表达均显著性降低,且相比于市售乳剂环孢素滴眼液起效更快。结果表明,立他司特滴眼液制备方法简单,稳定性好,是干眼症快速治疗更优的选择。     

PR—HPLC法测定利巴韦林滴眼液中利巴韦林的含量

目的 建立一种RP－HPLC法测定利巴韦林滴眼液中利巴韦林含量。方法 用μBondapak C18柱,水为流动相,紫外检测波长207nm。结果 利巴韦林线性范围12．5－100．0μg/mL,γ=0.9994,平均回收率为98.47%,RSD=0.92%(n=5)。结论 该法准确、快速、简便,可用于利巴韦林滴眼液中利巴韦林含量的测定。     

复方双氯酚酸钠滴眼液含量测定方法的研究

目的建立测定复方双氯酚酸钠滴眼液中玻璃酸钠和双氯酚酸钠的含量的方法。方法以咔唑试液为显色剂 ,采用比色法测定玻璃酸钠的含量 ,测定波长为 (5 30± 2 )nm ;采用反相高效液相色谱法测定双氯酚酸钠的含量 ,以HPERSILBDS为固定相 ,ψ(甲醇 ∶ 0 .1%冰醋酸 ) =75∶2 5为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 76nm。结果玻璃酸钠的线性范围为 4 .6 8～ 4 6 .8μg/mL ,平均回收率为 97.1% ,RSD为 2 .2 % ;双氯酚酸钠的线性范围为 0 .0 2～ 0 .6mg/mL ,平均回收率为 99.6 % ,RSD为 0 .3%。结论本方法灵敏、准确 ,可用于控制复方双氯酚酸钠滴眼液的质量     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.