主动脉狭窄和(或)闭塞性病变综合性介入治疗的临床观察

目的 对主动脉狭窄和(或)闭塞性病变(ASO)的综合介入治疗进行疗效观察与评价。方法 本组23例ASO(狭窄性病变14例，闭塞性病变9例)均分别应用经皮主动脉闭塞穿通术、经导管局部溶栓术、经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)、血管内支架(ES)置入术及经皮主动脉夹层内膜瓣开窗术(FIF)等进行了综合介入治疗。结果 23例ASO的治疗成功率为96．7％。其中，14例主动脉狭窄性病变的治疗成功率为92.9％(1例主动脉破裂死亡)。9例腹主动脉完全闭塞的治疗成功率为100．0％。23例ASO中行血管内支架置入术11例(狭窄4例，闭塞7例)，成功率为100．0％。1例主动脉夹层所致主-髂动脉狭窄行血管内支架置入术并用FIF获得成功。其余12例仅采用局部溶栓术和(或)PTA治疗，成功率为91．7％。术后除1例死亡外，其余22例中，术后症状完全消失者18例，症状改善者4例。目前平均随访31．0个月(1～113个月)，其中1例于随访48个月后失访；1例于治疗后2个月因出现主动脉再狭窄及右下肢缺血坏死而截肢；1例于治疗后18个月死于胸主动脉夹层破裂；19例随访至今，症状无复发。结论 综合应用多种血管介入技术治疗ASO可获得满意的临床效果。     

4D Flow MRI 对主动脉夹层患者腹部血流模式的定量研究及评估

【摘要】目的：采用4D-flow MRI分析主动脉夹层（AD）患者腹部真腔和假腔内的血流动力学特点,以及各血流指标与夹层破口大小、数量及假腔内血栓之间的相关性,探讨其临床应用可行性及诊断价值。方法：16例主动脉夹层患者采用4D Flow MRI技术进行腹主动脉成像,同时行胸腹主动脉CTA检查。对腹主动脉4个层面的图像进行分析,测量各层面真腔和假腔的横断面积、血流速度、峰值速度、平均净流量、最大流量、净正向血容量及反流分数,并观察主动脉夹层各种形态学指标。真假腔各血流指标及面积的比较采用配对t检验,AD的各形态学指标与血流指标的关系采用Pearson相关分析和多元线性回归分析。结果：腹主动脉各水平真腔的平均横断面积及反流分数均小于假腔,真腔内血流速度、峰值速度、平均净流量、最大流量、净正向血容量均明显高于假腔,两组间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。夹层破口越大,真腔血流速度及流量越小（P<0.05）,而假腔的平均血流速度、平均净流量及最大流量越高（P<0.05）。随破口数量增多,真腔各血流指标增高（P<0.05）,假腔最大流量变小（P=0.025）。假腔有血栓形成,则真腔平均血流速度、峰值速度增高（P=0.003、0.005）。破口大小对真假腔血流指标的影响意义较大。结论：4D Flow MRI技术能够定性、定量地提供主动脉夹层患者的腹主动脉血流信息,在主动脉夹层的诊断和治疗方案的选择中有重要的临床应用价值。     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后血管重塑分析

目的 探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者经胸主动脉腔内修复术(TEVAR)治疗后血管形态学转归.方法 回顾性分析51例接受TEVAR术治疗的Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者术前及术后临床及影像学资料,分析术后1个月内、1～6个月、6个月后主动脉各段真假腔内径及假腔血栓化情况.结果 TEVAR术后胸主动脉真腔扩大、假腔缩小,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),腹主动脉管径真腔和假腔变化较术前无统计学差异(P＞0.05),腹部重要分支动脉血供情况较术前有所改善.结论 TEVAR术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者的近中期效果确切,但仍需要远期随访观察.     

基于CT增强3D打印技术在腹主动脉瘤和B型主动脉夹层中的应用（附2例报道）

【摘要】目的：评估基于对比增强CT数据能否将复杂主动脉瘤（AA）和主动脉夹层（AD）的解剖结构再现为3D打印模型。方法：对2例主动脉疾病患者的CT增强扫描图像进行后处理并生成主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层的3D打印模型。测量模型成型过程中5个解剖标志处的管腔直径差异。对于主动脉夹层，另外测量主动脉峡部及膈肌水平的真、假腔直径并进行比较。结果：基于增强CT扫描数据，采用热塑材料聚乳酸（PLA）运用熔融沉积成型(FDM）技术制成的3D打印模型，成功地再现了复杂主动脉病变的结构和病理解剖学细节。主动脉夹层及主动脉瘤在3D打印前、后对比增强CT图像上测得的血管横径的平均差异分别为1.1和1.3mm，标准差均为0.5mm。且对于AD模型，3D打印模型和原始CTA图像之间真假腔内径平均横径的差异为0.7mm。结论：3D打印模型对主动脉瘤和主动脉夹层解剖细节的再现有较高价值。但是血管直径仍存在较高的标准差，表明3D打印模型的准确性仍需进一步研究。     

胸、腹主动脉病变的血管内治疗

目的探讨胸、腹主动脉病变不同血管内治疗方法的临床疗效。方法7例患者,其中DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层5例(4例行一体式支架腔内隔绝术,1例行内膜瓣开窗术);DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层外院外科人造血管置换术后降主动脉假性动脉瘤形成1例(行一体式支架腔内隔绝术);肾动脉开口以下腹主动脉瘤1例(行分体式支架腔内隔绝术)。结果5例一体式支架腔内隔绝术均获成功,2例出现Ⅰ型内漏,1例经球囊扩张后内漏消失,1例30 min后内漏减少,未处理;1例内膜瓣开窗术后患者双下肢缺血症状消失;1例分体式支架腔内隔绝术后造影提示动脉瘤消失,无内漏发生。结论应用血管内支架移植物或内膜瓣开窗术治疗胸、腹主动脉病变安全有效,其中分体式支架的临床应用具有更好的前景。     

主动脉夹层真假腔的多层螺旋CT特征

目的:探讨主动脉夹层真假腔的CT特征.材料和方法:用16层螺旋CT机检查18例主动脉夹层患者,所有病例均行平扫、增强扫描及三维重建.结果:按照Stanford分型本组5例为A型,13例为B型,共累及52节段的主动脉.18例均显示真假两腔及撕裂的内膜;16例可见内膜破口;18例均可见到鸟嘴征,且均位于假腔;88.5%(46/52)的假腔直径大于真腔;60处发生内膜方向改变,其中26处内膜突向假腔,24处内膜平直,10处内膜突向真腔;8例可见血栓形成;5例主动脉外壁钙化,均位于真腔;4例合并胸腔积液;3例有分支受累及;1例合并心包积液.结论:MSCTA是检查主动脉夹层较好的影像学方法.鸟嘴征及真假腔大小比较对区分真假腔很有帮助.     

Stanford B型主动脉夹层假腔供血动脉分支对腔内治疗后假腔重塑的影响

【摘要】 目的 探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层后,腹主动脉假腔供血动脉分支对远端假腔重塑的影响。 方法 单中心回顾性队列研究2005年8月至2018年8月东南大学附属中大医院采用TEVAR术治疗的56例急性和慢性Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者。通过CTA随访资料观察记录主动脉腹段假腔内血栓形成、腹主动脉内脏分支供血类型。 结果 56例患者腹主动脉分支真腔供血以假腔完全血栓形成和血栓吸收为主。腹主动脉假腔参与分支供血,包括双腔供血、完全假腔供血,假腔以部分血栓形成为主,同时有假腔通畅情况。有假腔参与分支供血合并有更多内膜破口,与假腔血栓形成呈负相关。结论 主动脉夹层TEVAR术后腹主动脉假腔供血可影响假腔血栓形成。假腔供血分支可能是假腔部分血栓形成或通畅的危险因素。     

双源CT在DeBakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层瓣膜置换术后抗凝对残余管腔重塑效果中的诊断应用

目的探讨双源CT低剂量回顾性心电门控CTA检查在De BakeyⅠ型主动脉夹层瓣膜置换术后抗凝残余管腔重塑效果中的诊断应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院30例De BakeyⅠ型患者的临床资料,分为A、B两组,A组(非换瓣组)19例,行"孙氏"手术;B组(换瓣组)11例,行"孙氏"手术+主动脉瓣置换术;所有患者术前及术后3~6个月均行双源CT低剂量回顾性心电门控CTA检查,测量腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉及双肾动脉根部水平主动脉真腔及相应水平腹主动脉直径,比较术前及术后换瓣组与非换瓣组在各水平真腔与腹主动脉的比值有无差异,间接评价主动脉夹层术后残余管腔的重塑效果。结果非换瓣组患者年龄及合并高血压、冠心病的发生率高于换瓣组,差异有统计学意义(P值分别为0.004、0.001、0.023);换瓣组合并马凡综合征的发生率高于非换瓣组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003);非换瓣组与换瓣组分别在术前及术后腹腔干、肠系膜上动脉及双肾动脉根部水平真腔与腹主动脉的比值差异无统计学意义(非换瓣组P值分别为0.09、0.122、0.287;换瓣组P值分别为0.608、0.435、0.806)。结论术前是否累及主动脉瓣对主动脉夹层术后以远残余管腔的重塑无明显影响;双源CT主动脉CTA检查是一种可靠的诊断主动脉夹层瓣膜置换术后残余管腔重塑效果的检查方法。     

主动脉夹层的CT诊断

本文报道了CT检查主动脉夹层17例。主动脉夹层的典型CT表现为内膜钙化内移、撕裂的内膜瓣片及真、假腔的显示等。本组运用动态扫描及薄层扫描显示夹层效果较好。文中并讨论了本病的鉴别诊断。     

16排CT对主动脉夹层动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的：探讨16排CT扫描和多平面重建技术（MPR）对主动脉夹层动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法：对7例主动脉夹层动脉瘤的CT征象进行分析，了解该病的特征性CT征象。结果：CT诊断的直接征象为不同密度的真、假两腔及剥离的内膜瓣、钙化内移的内膜，多平面重建技术（MPR）的运用使夹层动脉瘤的诊断更加准确、客观。结论：16排CT扫描和多平面重建技术（MPR）的运用是诊断主动脉夹层动脉瘤首选的影像学方法，具有准确、快速、无创伤的特点。对该病的诊断具有划时代意义。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparisons of self-reported and device-assessed physical activity and sedentary behaviour

ObjectivesTo examine the longitudinal associations and differences between self-reported and device-assessed physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB), using a multifaceted statistical approach.DesignLongitudinal measurement burst.MethodsIn total, 52 university students (78% female) aged 18–38 years (mean = 21.94 ± 4.57 years) participated. The study consisted of three blocks of six days of measurement, during which participants wore an accelerometer on their wrist for the entire block, and self-reported their PA over the 6 days at the end of each block.ResultsMeaningful latent differences between methods were observed for moderate PA and SB across all three assessment periods, such that participants underreported the time spent in each activity. Bland–Altman plots revealed a positive mean difference for vigorous PA, with over-reporting increasing as mean levels increased. Negative mean differences were observed for all other intensities. Underreporting of moderate PA increased as the mean level increased, whereas for light PA and SB, underreporting decreased at high levels. Repeated measures correlations revealed a meaningful association for vigorous PA only, suggesting that as self-reported minutes increase so too do device-measured minutes.ConclusionsWe found evidence of cross-sectional and longitudinal differences and weak associations between self-reported and device-assessed PA and SB. Future work is needed to enhance the quality of self-reported methods to assess PA and SB (e.g., face and content validity), and consider improvements to the processing of device-based data.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.