盆腔动脉灌注化疗在晚期及复发性宫颈癌治疗中的应用价值

目的：探讨髂内动脉灌注化疗在晚期及后复发或未控的宫颈癌综合治疗中的最佳时机及其价值。方法：对40例晚期（包括局部晚期）、治疗后复发或未控的宫颈癌者进行髂内动脉灌注化疗。患者年龄27－67岁，平均年龄48岁。全部病例均采用Seldinger技术经右侧股动脉穿刺向双侧髂内动脉内灌注化疗药物。治疗疗效及所致毒性均按世界卫生组织（WHO）制定标准判定。结果：全部病例随访时间3．0－120．0个月，平均30．9个月。总的临床有效率（完全缓解＋部分缓解）为57．5％。其中介入治疗前未行其他治疗的13例全部达到临床有效（完全缓解7例＋部分缓解6例），其平均生存时间达105．0个月。介入治疗前经过其他治疗[ 包括手术和（或）放、化疗]但病情未控或复发的27例中完全缓解2例，部分缓解8例，其平均生存期为17．0个月（3．0－40．0），中位生存期仅为14．0个月。治疗后最常出现的毒副作用有发热、恶心、呕吐及血白细胞头减少症等。其中有3例患者在灌注化疗后出现了臀及会阴部的皮肤黏膜组织溃疡、坏死。结论：对于晚期宫颈癌患者应尽可能在手术及放射治疗前或放射治疗 同时进行髂内动脉灌注化疗，以提高疗效、延长患者生存期。     

联合用药治疗绝经后骨质疏松症疼痛的疗效观察

目的：研究降钙素＋阿伦膦酸钠＋尼尔雌醇十钙剂联合短期使用能否迅速改善绝经后骨质疏松症（PMO）患者骨痛症状，维持患者骨量稳定。方法：55例PMO骨痛患者用鲑降钙素50IU肌肉注射，1次／2d，持续1～2w；阿伦膦酸钠10mg口服，1次／d，持续12w；用尼尔雌醇片0．5mg阴道放置，1次／w，持续12w；钙尔奇D片（元素钙600nag，维生素D125U）1片口服，1次／d，持续1年。治疗前及治疗1年后，采用超声骨量测定仪测跟骨骨量，观察骨痛改善的时间和1年后骨量改变情况。结果：治疗2w时疼痛缓解有效率达80．8％，治疗3个月时疼痛缓解有效率达92．3％；1年后骨量较治疗前有升高，但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：降钙素＋阿伦膦酸钠＋尼尔雌醇＋钙剂联合使用能迅速改善PMO患者骨痛症状，降钙素使用1～2w、阿伦磷酸钠、尼尔雌醇使用3个月，停止使用后1年，患者骨量没有明显下降，提示间断用药治疗骨质疏松症有效。     

血管内支架成形治疗颅外段颈动脉狭窄临床观察

目的评价血管内支架成形术治疗颅外段颈动脉狭窄的安全性、有效性和中短期疗效。方法对2005年3月至2007年10月收治的24例颅外段颈内动脉狭窄患者，在颈动脉保护伞下采用自膨支架进行血管成形治疗。结果24例患者成功置入27枚自膨支架、26个颈动脉保护伞，其中3例双侧颈内动脉狭窄患者分别于双侧颈内动脉各置入1枚支架。血管平均狭窄程度从治疗前的87．2％（70％～99％）降低到4.3（0％-15％）。回收的过滤伞中12个发现组织碎片（46．2％）。8例患者（33．3％）在球囊扩张及支架置入后出现迷走兴奋引发低血压及心动过缓，其中2例患者持续3～5天，经对症处理全部缓解。1～31个月临床中短期随访21例，平均随访22个月，2例失访。1例患者手术后26小时死于急性心梗；1例患者手术后36小时出现一过性意识丧失1小时．经对症处理缓解：1例患者出现小卒中；1例患者出现一过性脑缺血发作。随访21例患者中19例症状明显缓解或消失，占90．5％，2例部分缓解。随访21例支架全部开通良好，未出现再狭窄。结论保护伞下血管内支架成形治疗颅外段颈动脉狭窄是安全、有效的方法，中短期效果令人满意。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗老年骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折的临床效果。方法本组13例患者，男5例，女8例，年龄57岁-92岁，平均72岁，均为椎体后壁完整的疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折，病变部位：胸椎6处，腰椎9处，在DSA监测下对15个椎体行PVP，术后行cT检查。随访4个月-36个月（平均16．5个月）。结果13例患者手术均顺利完成，在术后48h内疼痛均明显缓解，均未出现肺栓塞、骨髓泥渗漏、神经损伤等并发症。术后住院1d～4d（平均1．5d）。结论PVP为疼痛性骨质疏松脊柱压缩骨折患者缓解疼痛症状和控制并发症提供了一种较好的微创治疗方法。     

经皮自体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗四肢骨折骨不连

目的探讨经皮自体骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）移植治疗四肢骨折骨不连的临床疗效。方法1999年5月-2006年5月，对48例四肢骨干骨折骨不连患者采用经皮注射MSCs进行治疗。结果48例患者获3～48个月（平均12．6个月）随访，42例患者达到骨性愈合，骨折愈合时间（注射MSCs的时间）为4．7个月（3～6个月），X线显示骨折线消失和骨痂形成。结论经皮自体MSCs移植术是一种治疗四肢骨干骨不连的有效和安全的方法，具有临床应用价值。     

~(85)Sr治疗缓解骨痛

目的:探讨85Sr对缓解转移性骨痛的疗效。方法:选择从1977年至1992年间用85SrCl2[平均活度335MBq(9mCi)]治疗的108例伴有严重骨痛的肿瘤患者,对他们的疼痛性质、临床表现以及血液、尿液、存活时间进行了调研。在治疗8周后,用90Sr进行全身骨扫描来研究同位素在骨中的分布状况并估算其吸收剂量。结果:治疗12周后,72.2%的患者疼痛明显减轻,生活质量有了明显提高,其中49.1%的患者骨痛消失,其疗效持续1～36个月(平均4.3个月),其中,转移性骨痛和前列腺癌患者在早期阶段治疗效果最明显。未发现剂量与疗效有明显的关系。估算出转移到骨髓的平均吸…     

Perthes 病的手术治疗

目的：分析粗隆下旋转截骨术治疗Perthes病的效果。方法：采用粗隆下旋转截骨的方法为36例Perthes病的患者（37髋）作了治疗，患者平均年龄8．5岁（3．14岁）。受到随访的有30例（31髋），平均随访1年10个月（0．6－8年）。根据临床表现及X线表现分别做出评估。结果：临床分组优良率占80％，X线分组优良率占80％。其中9岁以前的患者治疗效果较好。结论：粗隆下旋转截骨术治疗Perthes病效果满意，简便易行。     

89SrCl2注射液治疗肿瘤骨转移致骨痛的多中心临床研究(Ⅱ)

目的观察成都中核高通同位素股份有限公司自制的^89 SrCl2注射液对前列腺癌、乳腺癌、肺癌等骨转移所致骨痛患者的止痛效果及毒性和不良反应。方法采用多中心、随机、双盲、阳性药物（英国Amersham公司生产的原装Metastron）平行对照试验。5个临床研究中心共对入组的95例原发病灶诊断明确的恶性肿瘤骨转移患者进行了骨痛镇痛治疗。其中A组（对照组）31例，1例失随访，其余男13例，女17例，年龄33～75（56．90±12．08）岁，治疗前骨痛评分为6～9（6．87±1．36）。A组中原发性肺癌7例（23．33％），乳腺癌13例（43．33％），前列腺癌10例（33．33％）；病程0．08～12．25（2．764-3．02）年。资料完整的B组（验证组）64例，其中男32例，女32例，年龄29～75（58．70±11．82）岁，治疗前骨痛评分为6～12（6．81±1．61）。B组中原发性肺癌18例（28．12％），乳腺癌27例（42．19％），前列腺癌19例（29．69％）；病程0．04～26（3．63±4．43）年。所有入选患者均静脉注射同一剂量（148MBq）^89 SrCl2。治疗后观察3个月。有效率=（完全缓解例数＋显效例数）／总例数。统计学处理方法：可比性分析主要采用Fisher确切概率法、CMH检验及t检验等方法；有效性分析采用控制中心效应的CMH方法比较疗效；安全性分析采用Fisher确切概率法。实验室检查主要描述治疗前后正常、异常情况。以上所有的假设检验采用双侧检验，取α=0．05，统计分析软件采用SAS8．2。结果治疗前A，B2组患者间一般资料及体力状况分级、疼痛量表评分、疼痛得分、疼痛部位等指标均具可比性（P均〉0．05）。2组依从性差的发生率及安全性分析结果、合并用药结果差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0．05）。符合方案集（PPS）中，A组有效率为66．67％，B组有效率为71．43％，2组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．620）；全分析集（FAS）中，A组有效率为66．67％，B组有效率为70．31％，2组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．700）。2个数据集的结论一致。结论国产^89SrCl：2注射液对肿瘤骨转移所致骨痛有较好的治疗效果，其与Amersham公司生产的原装Metastron等效，且使用安全。     

解剖型跟骨钛板并植骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折的临床疗效

目的：探讨解剖型跟骨钛板并植骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折的临床疗效。方法选择2009年3月～2012年5月期间收治的25例（33足）SanderslⅡ～Ⅳ型跟骨关节内骨折患者,男性20例（26足）,女性5例（7足）;年龄15～65岁,平均（36.16±14.63）岁。单足17例,双足8例,采用切开复位解剖型跟骨钛板内固定并植骨进行治疗,术中恢复跟骨解剖形态,按Maryland足部评分系统进行术后功能评分,评价手术效果,进行系统的回顾性总结分析。结果本组25例（33足）术后均获12～36个月随访（平均19.3个月）,按Maryland足部评分标准：优17足、良12足、可4足,差0足;优良率为87.88％。结论解剖型跟骨钛板并植骨治疗跟骨关节内骨折能够恢复跟骨距下关节面平整,有利于患者早期功能锻炼,疗效可靠。     

泽桂癃爽胶囊联合抗雄激素治疗前列腺癌疗效观察

目的 观察泽桂癃爽胶囊联合抗雄激素治疗前列腺癌的效果.方法 选取我院2010年1月～2012年3月雄激素依赖性前列腺癌,且因各种因素无法实施前列腺癌根治手术而接受抗雄激素治疗患者共计36例,采用随机双盲方法分为实验组和对照组各18例.对照组治疗方案：氟他胺250 mg,口服,3次/d;达菲林,肌注3.75 mg,1次/28 d;实验组治疗方案：在对照组治疗方案的基础上,加服泽桂癃爽胶囊2粒,3次/d.治疗持续12个月,从治疗1个月后开始统计,连续12个月每月均对两组患者复查PSA,行IPSS评分.结果 将12个月PSA及IPSS评分作均数分析,实验组PSA0.01 ～ 1.05,平均0.26;IPSS 8 ～ 26,平均11.4.对照组PSA 0.21 ～1.1,平均0.53;IPSS 16～ 28,平均22.3.实验组平均PSA及IPSS均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结论 泽桂癃爽胶囊配合抗雄激素治疗前列腺癌,可有效降低患者PSA、IPSS,控制前列腺癌患者疾病进展和改善尿路梗阻症状.     

89Sr治疗老年患者前列腺癌骨转移骨痛的临床观察

目的 评价89^SrCl2对老年患者前列腺癌骨转移伴骨痛的临床疗效及不良反应.方法 对外科去势治疗术后的老年患者前列腺癌骨转移伴有不同程度骨痛患者48例,使用89^SrCl2静脉注射治疗,观察其镇痛效果、骨转移灶的变化、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）及不良反应等.结果 48例患者接受89^Sr治疗后,止痛的总有效率达89.6%,无效10.4%,骨转移灶有明显减少.对PSA有不同程度的下降.所有治疗者均未发现严重的不良反应和毒副作用.结论 89^SrCl2对去势治疗术后的老年患者前列腺癌骨转移骨痛的临床止痛疗效明显,特别是对多发骨转移癌伴骨痛患者是一种有效的治疗方法.     

89Sr versus 153Sm-EDTMP: comparison of treatment efficacy of painful bone metastases in prostate and breast carcinoma

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Painful bone metastases are most frequent in patients with advanced prostate or breast carcinoma. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effect of radionuclide therapy using Sr and Sm-EDTMP in patients with painful bone metastases of these tumours. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred patients treated with radionuclide bone palliation therapy were analysed. The study population consisted of 60 male patients with advanced prostate carcinoma and 40 female patients with advanced breast carcinoma. Fifty patients (30 men and 20 women) were treated with Sr (150 MBq). The other 50 patients were treated with Sm-EDTMP (37 MBq x kg). The treatment efficacy was evaluated by a visual analogue scale (VAS), Karnofsky performance scale, and dosage of analgesic drugs used. RESULTS: Complete pain relief was found in 40% of women and 40% of men treated using Sm-EDTMP and in 25% of women and 33% of men treated with Sr. No analgesic effect occurred in 20% of patients. A better analgesic effect was found in cases of osteoblastic metastases compared to mixed metastases. Statistically significant reduction of pain intensity, use of analgesic drugs and improvement of performance in Karnofsky scale was found in cases of both radionuclides. CONCLUSIONS: The analgesic effects of Sr and Sm-EDTMP was similar in both prostate and breast carcinoma. However, the effect was dependent on the type of metastases; better response was observed in cases of osteoblastic metastases than in patients with mixed metastases. Severe adverse reactions after this therapy were rare.     

Results of strontium-89 therapy in patients with prostate cancer resistant to chemotherapy

PURPOSE: Strontium-89 (Sr-89) chloride is an effective palliative treatment of the bone metastases of prostate cancer. Chemotherapy has also been shown to have a palliative benefit in this disease. We aimed to determine the benefits and complications of Sr-89 therapy in patients with prostate cancer who had become refractory to chemotherapy. We conducted a retrospective review of 14 treatments administered to 13 patients with chemotherapy-resistant and hormone-resistant prostate cancer. RESULTS: Of the 14 administered treatments, 8 (57%) resulted in improved pain control, with 2 patients able to stop analgesia. The median duration of response was 56 days. No prostate-specific antigen response was seen in the 8 patients tested. There was significant and prolonged bone marrow toxicity, with 6 patients requiring red blood cell transfusion. Prolonged thrombocytopenia was seen, with platelet counts remaining below baseline levels after treatment in all but one patient. Leukopenia was generally mild and not associated with infection. CONCLUSIONS: Sr-89 is an effective treatment of patients with chemotherapy-refractory prostate cancer, but careful and prolonged monitoring of hematologic parameters after therapy is required.     

Pain palliation with rhenium-186 HEDP in breast cancer patients with disseminated bone metastases.

PURPOSE: For patients with metastatic prostate cancer, first results have shown that rhenium-186 (Re-186) hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) is efficient in pain palliation of disseminated bone metastases. The aim of this study was to determine whether significant pain reduction can also be achieved in breast cancer patients with Re-186 HEDP. METHODS: Thirty patients with breast cancer who had multifocal painful bone metastases received a total of 38 intravenous Re-186 HEDP injections. Pain relief was assessed through daily documentation of the visual analog scale and analgesic consumption. A significant response to treatment was determined if the visual analog scale or analgesic consumption decreased significantly for at least 2 weeks. Blood counts were controlled at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8. RESULTS: A response to pain therapy was observed in 60% (18 of 30) of the patients. A reversible thrombocytopenia and leukopenia of grade 2 (according to World Health Organization criteria) was found in 4 and 2 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: Patients with disseminated osseous metastases resulting from breast cancer can benefit from therapy with Re-186 HEDP.     

The clinical utility of prostate-specific antigen and bone scintigraphy in prostate cancer follow-up.

To assess the value of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in prostate cancer follow-up, we prospectively studied 107 consecutive patients with: (1) pathologically confirmed prostate cancer; (2) definitive prostatectomy and/or radiation therapy greater than or equal to 3 mo prior to bone scanning; and (3) one bone scan and serum PSA sampling within 3 mo of each other. The mean and range of patient follow-up since definitive therapy was 1.6 and 0.5-8 yr, respectively. Abnormal bone scans were correlated with pertinent radiographs. Of 107 bone scans, 16 demonstrated metastatic bone disease. A PSA value of less than or equal to 8 ng/ml excluded bone metastases with a predictive value of a negative test of 98.5%. Without radiographic correlation, abnormal bone scans rarely represented metastases if the PSA value was less than or equal to 8 ng/ml. In summary, serum PSA concentration determines the need for follow-up bone scanning and assists in scan interpretation in patients status post definitive therapy for prostate cancer.     

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in a patient treated with strontium-89 for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.

Strontium-89 is effective in the palliation of bone pain caused by skeletal metastases. Its primary side effect is mild thrombocytopenia that typically recovers in 3 or 4 months. Subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation is reported to be present in approximately 10% to 20% of patients with advanced prostate cancer. These patients may be at increased risk for severe marrow depression after radionuclide therapy for bone pain palliation. This report describes a patient with painful bony metastases resulting from prostate carcinoma. He had a normal platelet count and no clinical evidence of a coagulation disorder at the time of strontium-89 therapy, and a severe disseminated intravascular coagulation developed and lead to death after treatment. A normal platelet count before strontium-89 therapy does not preclude subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulation, and we support the Society of Nuclear Medicine's bone pain treatment procedure guideline that patients referred for bone palliation should be screened for disseminated intravascular coagulation before therapy.     

Diagnosing and treating small-cell carcinomas of prostatic origin.

PURPOSE: Small-cell carcinoma is very aggressive, metastasizes early and often, and does not respond to most chemotherapy regimens. In approximately 50% of cases of prostate cancer, tumors are a combination of small-cell carcinoma and androgen-sensitive adenocarcinoma. It is widely believed that no successful treatment exists for androgen-independent prostate cancer. METHODS: A 67-year-old man had undergone androgen ablation therapy and radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer followed by bilateral orchiectomy, limited radiation therapy, and unsuccessful chemotherapy for pain-causing metastatic bone disease. Biopsy and immunohistochemical analysis revealed neuroendocrine differentiation of the cancer. The full extent of metastatic disease was assessed successfully using In-111, a somatostatin derivative. Octreotide acetate was used to treat the tumors. RESULTS: In-111 OctreoScan scintigraphy was more sensitive in the diagnostic demonstration of metastatic foci than was bone scanning. Therapy with the cold somatostatin derivative resulted in a rapid and significant relief of pain with significant tumor shrinkage. The patient remained in remission for at least 10 weeks, when he was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Somatostatin analogs and their radionuclide and cytotoxic derivatives are recommended as adjuvant treatments for prostate carcinoma, especially in those patients who are at high risk for carcinoma recurrence after radical prostatectomy and who have advanced prostate carcinoma at the time of relapse. Because small-cell carcinomas of the prostate and lung are identical, these analogs may be useful in the detection and treatment of these tumors as well.     

89锶内照射治疗多发转移性骨肿瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨放射性核素~(89)锶内照射治疗转移性骨肿瘤的临床应用价值。方法对178例转移性骨肿瘤患者采用~(89)锶内照射治疗,分别从缓解骨痛、病灶疗效评价和不良反应三方面进行密切观察、随访。结果~(89)锶缓解骨痛的总有效率为69.7%,对前列腺癌和乳腺癌转移性骨肿瘤患者有效率可达87.4%和75.6%,骨显像显示55.1%的患者原发病灶局限或改善。结论~(89)锶内照射治疗多发性骨转移癌有较好疗效。     

EORTC QLQ-BM22 and QLQ-C30 quality of life scores in patients with painful bone metastases of prostate cancer treated with strontium-89 radionuclide therapy

Purpose

Approximately 80?% of patients with prostate cancer will develop bone metastases, which often lead to bone pain and skeletal-related events. Sr-89 is an established alternative for the palliation of bone pain in prostate cancer. We aimed to assess the effect of Sr-89 radionuclide therapy on quality of life (QOL) in prostate cancer patients with painful bone metastases.

Materials and methods

Thirteen patients received a single intravenous injection of Sr-89 at a dose of 2.0?MBq/kg. All patients underwent QOL evaluation prior to Sr-89 treatment and 1, 2, and 3?months afterward using the Japanese version of the EORTC QLQ-BM22, EORTC QLQ-C30, a VAS, and face scale. We also evaluated PSA and ALP response and toxicity of the Sr-89 therapy.

Results

The pain characteristics subscale of the EORTC QLQ-BM22 was significantly reduced from 1?month onward compared with the baseline. The functional interference and psychosocial aspects subscales were significantly higher than baseline from 2?months onward. At 2?months, VAS indicated a significant reduction in pain as compared to the baseline. Sr-89 therapy caused a nonsignificant reduction in PSA and ALP levels. No patients had leukocyte toxicity, and one patient had grade 3 platelet toxicity.

Conclusion

Sr-89 radionuclide therapy can provide not only reduced pain characteristics but also better psychosocial aspects and functional interference in patients with painful bone metastases of prostate cancer.     

Pain as an indicator of bone metastasis

Patients with breast or prostate cancer routinely referred for bone scintigraphy were evaluated for the presence of skeletal pain, as determined by a self administered questionnaire. Pain was a common finding, whether or not metastatic disease was present, and occurred in over half of patients. Although most patients with bone metastases did report bone pain, a significant fraction (21% of breast and 22% of prostate patients) were asymptomatic. A distinct minority of individual anatomic regions of metastasis were painful: pain was reported in 23% of sites of breast metastases and 15% of metastatic prostate cancer sites. Of all sites at which pain was present, metastases were demonstrated in only about one half. These results indicate that pain is not a reliable indicator of the presence of location of metastatic bone disease.