Proventricular glands in fowl.

Some researchers have already described the fowl proventriculus. However, we believed there was a need for detailed carbohydrate histochemical investigations on the same glands. Moreover, some researchers had erred about the lamina muscularis mucosae. The results of these investigations are as follows. 1. The proventricular glands consist of both superficial and profound gastric glands. 2. The superficial glands are distributed in the lamina propria mucosae while the profound glands exist in the tela submucosa. 3. The superficial glands are simple, branched tubular glands. The columnar glandular cells are arranged in a simple layer and react strongly to PAS, AB (pH 2.5 and 0.5). These appear to be dark purple when they are stained with PAS-AB (pH 2.5). Some other methods have also been tried. 4. Judging from the data 3), the superficial gastric glands contain neutral, weak and strong acids, sulfuric and acid mucopolysaccharides, sialomucin, and II and III neutral mucus type. 5. Glandular cells in the body and basal portions of the superficial gastric glands contain a large number of fine pepsinogen granules. 6. Judging from the data of 3)-5), we believe that the superficial gastric glands are undifferentiated gastric glands and that they are same kinds of glands that are found in mammals. 7. A large number of profound gastric glands fill the tela submucosa. They are compound tubular glands, and are composed of many glandular alveoli. Their columnar glandular cells are arranged in a simple layer. 8. These glandular cells react moderately to PAS, negatively to AB (pH 2.5 and 0.5) and PAS-AB (pH 2.5). Moreover, we observed some other reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Adenocarcinoma of the anal glands.

Adenocarcinoma of the anal glands is very rare but it is an important lesion to recognise as with early diagnosis, it has an excellent prognosis. Because it involves the submucosa widely and penetrates the mucosa late, it can be mistaken for metastatic gastrointestinal carcinoma, or tumour arising in sinuses and fistulae. Two cases, in a 44 year old man and a 73 year old woman, which illustrate the typical features are reported, in one of which the diagnosis was missed originally. In situ neoplastic change of the associated anal glands and secretion of mucin lacking O-acetyl groups are useful pointers.     

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of salivary glands.

Four cases of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the salivary glands arose as painless masses in patients over 60 years old, three in the parotid and one in the submandibular gland. Histologically, all the tumours were composed of small ducts with a double cell lining surrounded by a basement membrane. The inner cells were epithelial and the outer cells myoepithelial, the latter usually possessing clear cytoplasm. There was a variable degree of intervening hyalinised stroma. All the tumours were partly encapsulated, but also displayed local invasiveness. One of the tumours also showed areas of dedifferentiation when it later recurred and metastasised. The other three were apparently cured by initial excision, with adjuvant radiotherapy in one instance. In the past this tumour has been described as clear cell adenoma, and it was only recently that its true malignant nature, albeit low grade, was recognised. Reports of epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma are still relatively few, with only one case described from Britain. It is recommended that this histologically distinct neoplasm deserves wider recognition.     

Sebaceous glands in the esophagus.

We report a case of sebaceous glands in the esophagus diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy. The patient was a 47-year-old Korean man presented with postprandial pain of several months duration. An endoscopic examination disclosed an early gastric carcinoma in the gastric antrum and a 0.4 x 0.4 cm sized irregular lobulated nodule in the middle esophagus. Microscopically, the lobule was proven to be sebaceous glands in the submucosa. Possible histogenesis of this lesion is discussed.     

Papillary tumours of the minor salivary glands.

The clinical and histological features of oncocytic adenomatous hyperplasia, papillary adenoma, and papillary adenocarcinoma of the oral cavity are described, and the literature is reviewed. Histological features which may be of value in distinguishing between benign and malignant variants are described, and in view of the slow growth rate of most of these tumours, the importance of long-term follow-up is stressed.     

Effect of ultrasound on major salivary glands. Dynamic of morphological changes in rat salivary glands

Morphology of rat submandibular salivary glands was examined before and after 10 sessions of ultrasonic treatment focused onto the gonial angle of the mandibular bone. The employed ultrasound protocol induced adaptive reactions and induced no degenerative and inflammatory processes. __________ Translated from Byulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 144, No. 11, pp. 586–589, November, 2007     

In vitro studies of frog mucous glands.

The ionic outflow, mainly consisting of Na+ and Cl-, from the mucous glands in an excised nerve-skin preparation of frog has been determined by recording the conductance changes occurring in a fluid layer covering a small area of the skin surface. In the main series of experiments the glands were activated by stimulation of sympathetic nerve fibers in the skin nerve. The relationship between the ionic outflow and the number of nerve volleys was studied over a wide range. The outflow per impulse was found to be fairly constant during the first tens of impulses but diminished gradually with increasing number of stimuli up to a certain maximum value--varying in different preparations--after which the outflow ceased completely. During the initial phase of stimulation the outflow is most likely caused by an ejection of performed secretion due to the contractions of the glandular myoepithelium. The continued outflow in the later stages of the stimulation periods must be due to production of new secretion. Since the glandular epithelium is devoid of nerve terminals a nervous control of the ionic secretion can only be explained by an indirect influence mediated either by transmitter diffusion from the myoepithelial nerve endings or by a close electric coupling between the contractile and the secretory gland cells. Adrenaline and noradrenaline induce ionic outflows which like those evoked by nerve stimulation are inhibited by the beta-adrenoreceptor blocker propranolol, alpha-adrenoreceptor blockers being without effect. A serendipitous finding of tonus changes in the frog skin during nerve stimulation is also described.     

Pathologic observations of intrahepatic peribiliary glands in 1,000 consecutive autopsy livers: IV. Hyperplasia of intramural and extramural glands.

Hyperplastic changes of intrahepatic peribiliary glands have rarely been reported, with the exception of hepatolithiasis. To determine whether there are any hyperplastic changes in the glands in livers without hepatolithiasis, we examined 1,000 consecutive autopsy liver specimens that had no hepatolithiasis. The glands were divided into intramural mucous glands and extramural seromucous glands. The hyperplastic changes were found in "normal" livers and in livers with various hepatobiliary diseases, and they were classified into three categories: hyperplasia of intramural glands (49 cases; 4.9%), hyperplasia of extramural serous acini (35 cases; 3.5%), and hyperplasia of extramural mucous acini (92 cases; 9.2%). Two or more of these three hyperplastic changes occasionally coexisted in the same liver. Hyperplasia of intramural glands was seen rather evenly in normal livers and in livers with various hepatobiliary diseases. Prevalence of hyperplasia of extramural serous acini was high in intrahepatic cholangitis and submassive hepatic necrosis. Prevalence of hyperplasia of extramural mucous acini was high in cirrhosis, submassive hepatic necrosis, cholangitis, systemic infection, and extrahepatic biliary obstruction. The hyperplastic intramural glands and mucous acini of extramural glands contained more neutral, carboxylated, and sulfated mucin than normal glands. Although their pathogenesis is unclear, these hyperplastic changes may enhance seromucous secretion into biliary lumens and may lead to biliary dysfunctions such as retardation of bile flow and increased bile viscosity. These hyperplastic changes may be preexisting conditions predisposing to hepatolithiasis.     

The histochemistry of mucosubstances in ferret salivary glands.

The mucosubstances of the major salivary glands of the ferret were analysed using different histochemical reactions. Almost all the parotid acinar cells had sialic acid-containing mucus. There were a very few cells, the granules of which gave reactions for sulphated mucins. Submandibular gland mucus was sulphated in the major parts of the gland. There were occasional cells which gave reactions to carboxylated mucin. The sublingual and the molar glands had tubules which had 2 types of mucous cells. The central cells contained sulphated mucins and the peripheral ones had carboxylated mucins. The mucus in the tubules of the zygomatic gland was predominantly sulphated. In the sublingual, molar as well as in the zygomatic, there were granulated cells scattered among the tubules. Some of these granules were found to contain carboxylated and the others neutral mucins. No sexual dimorphism was observed in any of the glands among the 4 male and 4 female ferrets used in this study.     

Polyamines and long-term disuse of rat parotid glands.

A decrease in nerve reflex activation for 7-14 days, induced by a liquid diet, caused the rat parotid gland to lose weight, involving reduction in both cell size and number. In the atrophied glands, the activity of ornithine decarboxylase, the key enzyme in polyamine formation, and the levels of the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine were found to be lowered. The present results are compatible with a role for polyamines in cellular growth.     

Pancreatic duct glands. I. Staining reactions of acid glycoprotein secret.

The staining properties of secretory granules present in pancreatic duct glands and in secretory cells of pancreatic duct epithelia are studied in cat, dog, and man. The secretory material contains histochemically detectable disulfide groups and tryptophan. The mucosubstance is characterized as GC-mucin B (2.5) A (0.8 MgCl2), in part N (i.e. a sialoglycoprotein with vic-glycols, sialic acid carboxyls, being basophil at pH = 2.5, alcianophil in the presence of 0.8 M MgCl2, and in part sensitive to digestion with alpha-neuraminidase).     

Immunolocalization of cytokeratins in human eccrine sweat glands.

Eccrine sweat glands of adult human skin were described in terms of immunohistological distribution of cytokeratins using monoclonal antibodies. The results are in favour of a segmental cytokeratin expression and provide a feasible basis for the investigation of pathological conditions.     

Purification of zymogen granules from monkey parotid glands.

A method giving highly purified zymogen granules from Macaca irus and Cercopithecus aethiops parotid glands in reported. A 0.3 M sucrose medium for homogenization was supplemented with 10 mM tris/HCl, pH 7.3, and 0.1 mM lauric acid to stabilize the fragile monkey zymogen granules. Nuclei and cell debris were sedimented at 150 times g. A "crude" zymogen granule fraction was trapped in the 1.0 M sucrose layer of a discontinuous sucrose gradient at 1000 times g. Equilibrium centrifugation in a continuous sucrose gradient gave a fraction of zymogen granules at 1.85 M sucrose. Compared to the homogenate, this fraction exhibited about two-fold increase in zymogen granule marker, whereas mitochondrial marker was reduced to 1/4 and lysosomal marker to 1/2. A low level of contamination from other cell organelles was confirmed by electron microscopic investigation.