治疗干预对不同妊期潜伏梅毒孕妇新生儿影响的研究

目的:探讨对不同妊娠时期的潜伏梅毒孕妇进行驱梅治疗后对其新生儿的影响。方法:对早、中、晚妊娠并发潜伏梅毒的50例孕妇分别进行驱梅治疗,于新生儿出生一个月内进行梅毒快速反应试验(RPR)、梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)和梅毒IgM(TP-IgM)检测,比较新生儿先天性梅毒的发病状况,并与13例未经治疗的潜伏梅毒妊娠所生新生儿的检测结果相对照。结果:不同时期妊娠并发潜伏梅毒经驱梅治疗后,新生儿先天性梅毒的发生率分别为5.00%、14.29%、35.71%,而未经治疗的潜伏梅毒孕妇所生新生儿先天性梅毒的发生率为76.92%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:及早对孕妇进行梅毒血清学筛查并及时对潜伏梅毒孕妇进行驱梅治疗是降低新生儿先天性梅毒发病率的关键。     

潜在血源传播患者梅毒血清学TRUST/TPPA与IgM抗体联合检测

目的为潜在血源传播患者筛选梅毒血清学传染病指标。方法采用回顾性研究,对2006年6月1日～2009年12月31日本院23720例潜在血源传播患者与门诊患者的TRUST/TPPA联合检测结果进行分析比较;分析不同年度潜在血源传播患者TRUST-/TPPA+的百分率变化;对其中118份TRUST-/TPPA+的潜在血源传播患者血清标本同时采用TPPA法和FTA-ABS法进行Tp-IgM抗体检测。结果潜在血源传播患者和门诊患者的梅毒抗体阳性率分别为8.62%和26.69%,二者差异有显著性;在梅毒抗体阳性标本中,TRUST-/TPPA+占有相当的比例,二者分别为3.12%和7.50%;潜在血源传播患者中TRUST-/TPPA+的百分率呈逐年上升趋势;118份TRUST-/TPPA+的潜在血源传播患者血清,经TPPA法和FTA-ABS法检出TP-IgM抗体阳性分别为13例和10例。结论潜在血源传播患者的梅毒传染性指标的监测应至少包含特异性抗体试验,如TPPA;TP-IgM检测有助于判断其传染性。     

19SIgM－梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验对梅毒患者的诊断和随访研究

目前,梅毒血清学诊断方法为非梅毒螺旋体血清试验和梅毒螺旋体血清试验,这两类血清学方法对梅毒的诊断具有特异性强、敏感性高等特点,但对早期梅毒螺旋体感染 (4周前 )的硬下疳患者敏感性较差,对神经梅毒和梅毒孕妇所生新生儿是否感染梅毒的早期诊断,以及经正规抗梅治疗的判愈等尚待研究。我们对梅毒患者进行 19S－ IgM－梅毒螺旋体明胶凝集试验 (TPPA),现将结果报道如下。 一、材料与方法 (一 )标本来源：经我所性病科诊断的治疗前一期梅毒 (硬下疳 )患者血清 15份,梅毒孕妇分娩的新生儿血清 3份,经正规驱梅治疗后 3～ 4个月…     

19s-IgM-TPPA法检测梅毒患者血清中的TP-IgM

目的：评价用19s-IgM-TPPA法检测梅毒患血清中特异性抗梅毒螺旋体TP-IgM抗体的可行性。方法：采用TPPA法检测经IgG免疫吸附剂处理后的梅毒患血清中的TP-IgM，再采用检测TP-IgM的Westernblot试剂盒对该批血清进行平行检测。结果：67例梅毒患血清中，两种方法同时阳性26例，同时阴性37例，3例19s-IgM-TPPA阳性而Westernblot为阴性，l例Westernblot阳性而19s-IgM-1PPA为阴性，两种方法检测结果没有显性差异(x^2=0．25，P＞0．05)；以Westernblot为标准，则19s-IgM-TPPA的敏感性为96．3％，特异性92．5％。结论：采用19s-IgM-TPPA法检测梅毒患血清中TP-IgM抗体具较高的特异性和敏感性，操作简便，试验成本低，比较适合基层单位临床应用。     

19SIgM-TPPA对新生儿先天潜伏梅毒诊断的意义

目的探讨特异性19SIgM-TPPA抗体检测方法在诊断新生儿先天潜伏梅毒中的价值,同时观察妊娠梅毒患者垂直传播发生情况,并探讨其意义。方法应用特异性19SIgM-TPPA抗体检测方法对177例孕妇梅毒所生的新生儿进行检测。结果177例受检新生儿中,TRUST阳性112例(63.3%),TPPA阳性156例(88.13%),19SIgM阳性27例(15.25%)。早期先天梅毒患儿TRUST≥母亲TRUST2个滴度以上9例、>母亲TRUST2个滴度以内7例、<母亲TRUST滴度5例;因母亲血清标本缺或血清量不足,无法作比较的6例。27例先天梅毒有临床表现的6例,无临床表现21例。结论特异性19SIgM-TPPA抗体检测方法可作为先天梅毒特别是无症状新生儿先天梅毒诊断的试验。产前梅毒筛查和治疗对预防梅毒垂直传播有重要意义。     

免疫增强治疗对二期梅毒预后影响的临床观察

目的观察常规驱梅治疗加免疫调节剂对二期梅毒预后影响。方法应用常规驱梅治疗加免疫调节剂治疗40例二期梅毒患者,同时于治疗后3,6,9,12月随访这些患者的外周血RPR和TP-IgM情况,并以常规驱梅治疗40例二期梅毒患者的检测结果为对照。结果观察组1年内外周血RPR和TP-IgM完全转阴率高于对照组(P<0.05);而且观察组外周血RPR和TP-IgM完全转阴的时间明显短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论常规驱梅治疗加免疫调节剂治疗二期梅毒可缩短疗程,加速患者痊愈;其机理可能是改善患者的机体免疫状态,提高机体清除梅毒抗体的能力。     

血清梅毒螺旋体IgM在先天梅毒诊断中的意义

目的探讨血清梅毒螺旋体IgM(TP-IgM)检测在先天梅毒诊断中的作用。方法回顾性分析了1215例初诊儿童的梅毒血清学检查结果,并与其临床资料作比较分析。结果梅毒血清学阳性率8.81%(107/1215),其中梅毒螺旋体IgM阳性率6.42%(78/1215)。107例梅毒血清学阳性患儿最后确诊为先天梅毒92例,TP-IgM阳性与先天梅毒确诊符合率为100%。结论血清梅毒螺旋体IgM是诊断婴幼儿先天梅毒有价值的梅毒血清学指标,对鉴别先天梅毒和被动梅毒血症有重要意义。     

梅毒螺旋体抗体在诊断新生儿梅毒中的应用和讨论

目的:探讨梅毒螺旋体(treponema pallidum,TP)抗体在诊断新生儿梅毒中的应用。方法:分别用甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)、TP-ELISA和密螺旋体颗粒凝集实验(TPPA)法对84例确诊新生儿梅毒患者与100例健康新生儿血清进行检测。结果:三种检测梅毒螺旋体抗体方法的灵敏度分别为51.2%、98.8%和100%,相对而言,TRUST法不适合作为诊断新生儿梅毒的初筛试验。结论:TP-ELISA法灵敏度与特异性相对较高,操作简便易行,建议作为诊断新生儿梅毒的初筛试验;TPPA法由于操作繁琐复杂,可结合临床作为新生儿梅毒的确诊试验。     

567例隐性梅毒孕妇所产新生儿的梅毒血清学检测结果及转阴情况分析

目的:了解隐性梅毒孕妇所产新生儿的梅毒血清学检测结果及其转归.方法:收集深圳市福田区2004~2011年妊娠隐性梅毒患者的新生儿567例,分别于出生后第1月、第3月、第6月、第9月、第12月、第18月检测其血清RPR/TPPA/19SIgM,对其结果及转阴情况进行分析,并按母亲不同RPR滴度、不同孕期接受治疗以及新生儿出生后是否接受治疗分别讨论对新生儿梅毒血清学试验转阴的影响.结果:隐性梅毒孕妇分娩的567例新生儿中,发现先天梅毒10例、梅毒血清学试验全阴性新生儿23例、仅TPPA阳性新生儿102例,RPR/TPPA双阳性新生儿432例,RPR平均转阴时间为(2.68±2.08)月、TPPA的平均转阴时间为(5.25±1.86)月;母亲RPR低滴度(≤1:8)组与高滴度(≥1∶16)组的新生儿比较,RPR、TPPA平均转阴时间相比,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.001).不同孕期治疗组相比较、新生儿出生后治疗组与非治疗组比较,对疑似先天梅毒的新生儿梅毒血清学试验转阴的影响都无统计学差异.结论:隐性梅毒孕妇可致胎传梅毒,孕期及新生儿期的干预可有效防治先天梅毒的发生及发展;排除了先天梅毒的新生儿梅毒血清学试验阳性可自行转阴,与不同孕期治疗无明显相关性;母亲RPR低滴度可能是保护因素.     

酶联免疫吸附试验、梅毒螺旋体颗粒凝集试验及甲苯胺红不加热血清试验在梅毒检测中的检验效能评价

目的:研究三种常用的不同血清学诊断方法对梅毒螺旋抗体的检测效果,从而为提高梅毒螺旋抗体的检出率提供较好的诊断方法。方法:选取2013年1月至2014年7月于我科门诊就诊的274例患者为观察对象,根据有无感染梅毒将其分为两组,其中177例感染梅毒患者为观察组,97例非梅毒患者为对照组,分别应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)、甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)三种常用的不同血清学诊断方法对两组患者进行梅毒螺旋抗体的检测,分别比较三种检测方法检测的梅毒螺旋抗体的阳性例数、敏感性和特异性,并进行分析。结果:在检测梅毒患者血清标本的阳性率方面,ELISA法最高,为98.87%,TRUST法最低,为88.70%,ELISA法与TPPA法比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05),TRUST法分别与ELISA法、TPPA法比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);ELISA法、TRUST法、TPPA法检测梅毒患者血清的敏感性分别为98.87%、88.70%、97.18%,特异性分别为98.97%、95.88%、100.00%,阴性预测值分别为97.96%、82.30%、95.10%,阳性预测值分别为99.43%、97.52%、100.00%;ELISA法敏感性和阴性预测值最高,与TRUST法比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);TPPA法特异性和阳性预测值最高,与TRUST法比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);三种血清学检测方法同时显示梅毒患者血清阳性者有155例,同时显示阴性者有1例,TRUST法显示阴性而TPPA法和ELISA法显示阳性者17例。结论:三种血清学检测方法的侧重点各不相同,ELISA法适用于大批量样本筛查、TPPA法适用于进行梅毒确诊、TRUST法应用于对梅毒患者治疗疗效及预后的判断,在临床中应结合实际情况进行选择。     

19S-IgM-TPPA试验诊断先天梅毒评价

目的:评价血清19S-IgM-梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(19S-IgM-TPPA)诊断早期先天梅毒的应用价值,以指导临床实践。方法:以2003年3月-2006年2月期间符合纳入标准的156例婴儿为研究对象,对他们进行血清19S-IgM-TPPA试验,并随访至明确诊断。以回顾诊断为标准。结果:156例婴儿中,141例婴儿完成随访,其中123例排除先天梅毒,18例婴儿被确诊为早期先天梅毒(有症状14例,无症状4例)。19S-IgM-TPPA试验阳性结果16例,假阳性2例,假阴性4例,敏感性77.78%(有症状78.57%,无症状75%),特异性98.37%,诊断指数176.15%;阳性预测值87.5%,阴性预测值96.8%,调整预测值无改变;阳性似然比47.83,阴性似然比0.226。结论:19S-IgM-TP-PA诊断先天梅毒敏感性较好,特异性很高,对有症状早期先天梅毒,在常规标准血清试验确定前即可证实感染的存在,用于先天梅毒的诊断是良好的预测工具,在已经有TPPA的实验室中,19S-IgM-TP-PA不失为一种诊断先天梅毒的可供选择的方法。     

An IgM capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect IgM antibodies to treponemes in patients with syphilis.

A new IgM capture enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with the 19S(IgM) fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (19S(IgM)FTA-ABS) test for detecting IgM antibodies to treponemes. Serum samples from 180 people, 109 with various stages of untreated syphilis, 45 with treated syphilis, and 26 non-infected, were investigated. In all diagnostic groups of syphilis the reactivity of the IgM capture ELISA was similar to that of the 19S(IgM)FTA-ABS test except in untreated neurosyphilis, for which the IgM capture ELISA was significantly less sensitive. The IgM capture ELISA was very sensitive in congenital (100%, 5/5) and primary (82%, 18/22) syphilis, but less sensitive in secondary (60%, 12/20), latent (53%, 16/30), neurosyphilis (34%, 11/32), and treated (11%, 5/45) syphilis. False positive IgM capture ELISA results were not found in five people who gave false positive Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) reactions or in 21 neonates born to mothers adequately treated for syphilis before or during pregnancy. This indicated that the IgM capture ELISA was very specific. The course of antitreponemal IgM reactivity after treatment of early infectious syphilis was followed up in six patients. The quantity of IgM antibody declined in nearly all patients after treatment, but still remained detectable in five patients up to six months after treatment. In contrast, non-treponemal antibodies measured by the VDRL test disappeared in four out of six patients within five months from starting treatment. In conclusion, the IgM capture ELISA may be useful for easy and sensitive detection of IgM antibodies to treponemes in patients with congenital and primary syphilis. A positive test result in these cases indicates that patients should receive treatment if they have not been treated recently. The test is not, however, recommended to replace the VDRL test to monitor patients treated for syphilis.     

Fluctuations in natural killer cell activity in early syphilis.

The natural killer cell activity was studied in 25 patients with primary, secondary, or latent syphilis before and after treatment. In primary syphilis natural killer cell activity was increased, especially in patients lacking circulating lipoidal antibodies. In patients who had become seroreactive in the lipoidal tests it was depressed in those with secondary and latent syphilis. The natural killer cell activity thus becomes activated by the syphilitic infection but is significantly reduced during progression of the disease. The importance of the natural killer cell activity in controlling syphilitic infection is questionable.     

Micro-TPHA test in the routine serodiagnosis of syphilis

Sera from untreated primary, secondary and latent syphilis and treated syphilis were tested with a new micro-Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (micro-TPHA, Syfhatect, Wellcome Diagnostics, U.K) compared with the standard VDRL slide test. Serum titers of 1:8 and above were considered positive on the VDRL, and those 1:20 and above were taken as positive on the micro-TPHA. All patients with secondary syphilis were positive with both tests. 65.5% of cases of primary syphilis were positive with VDRL, compared to 78.8% with micro-TPHA. For latent syphilis, 87.5% were positive with VDRL, and 100% were positive with micro-TPHA. Of 25 patients with treated syphilis and reactive VDRL sera, all were also positive with micro-TPHA. Of 76 persons with treated syphilis who were no longer reactive on VDRL, 91% had positive micro-TPHA tests. The micro-TPHA test is so sensitive that it cannot be used to evaluate response to treatment in the sense that a VDRL test will become negative.     

巢式-实时PCR检测梅毒初诊患者不同样本中梅毒螺旋体靶DNA

目的 探讨巢式-实时PCR(NR-PCR)检测初诊梅毒患者不同样本中梅毒螺旋体(Tp)靶DNA的可行性及应用前景.方法 以Tp polA为靶基因,用NR-PCR检测梅毒患者初诊时皮损拭子、血清、全血、脑脊液、末梢耳垂血等样本中的靶DNA,用统计软件SPSS.13分析结果.结果 NR-PCR检测Tp polA靶DNA的极限为2个Tp/ml,总体阳性率为71.7%,检测不同类样本的阳性率从高到低依次为:耳垂血92.0%>脑脊液90.2%>拭子74.3%>血清66.9%>全血64.2%.NR-PCR结果与血清学检查结果的一致性为76.0%(152/200).进一步分析显示:一期、二期梅毒拭子DNA阳性率(63.2%比87.5%)差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.62,P>0.05);血清样本中,二期梅毒DNA阳性率高于一期梅毒(χ2=3.6,P=0.06);全血样本中,二期梅毒DNA阳性率高于其他各类型梅毒;神经梅毒耳垂末梢血阳性率与脑脊液比较,P=0.06.隐性梅毒血清(RPR)滴度≥1:8组的Tp DNA阳性率高于RPR≤1:4组.结论 NR-PCR方法检测梅毒患者不同样本中Tp DNA是可行的,不同类型梅毒、不同类型样本以及其血清RPR滴度水平都影响Tp DNA阳性率.     

血清可溶性白介素2受体检测及其在梅毒中的临床意义

目的：探讨SIL－2R在梅毒血清中的临床意义。方法：采用ELISA抗体夹心法检测75例梅毒患者治疗前后SIL－2R水平、RPR滴度变化及其与各期梅毒临床之间关系。结果：所有梅素血清中SIL－2水平明显高于正常人（P＜0.001）、二期和潜伏期都高于一期（P＜0.01）,二期与潜伏期相比无明显差异（P＞0.01）。治疗后各期梅RPR滴度下降,SIL－2R水平也显著下降（P＜0.001）,二期,潜伏期梅毒血SIL－2R仍高于对照组（P＜0.05。结论：对同一病例作连续SIL－2R水平检测有助于了解疾病活动性和治疗效果。     

梅毒血清学试验结果模式的解析与处理

目的如何正确地解析和处理梅毒血清学试验结果,保证甲苯胺红不加热血清试验(TRUST)和梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验(TPPA)在梅毒诊断中的价值。方法对17例初次梅毒血清学试验TRUST和TPPA结果阴阳性不一致或均为阴性的结果模式进行了追踪。结果17例患者经定期(1周1次,共3次)复查TRUST和TPPA,仔细询问患者的性接触史、输血史、治疗史等,其中14例证实为梅毒患者,3例排除。结论对于临床疑为梅毒感染者,如初次梅毒血清学试验结果出现TRUST和TPPA结果阴阳性不一致或均为阴性的结果模式时,可根据患者就诊后4周的血清学试验结果和临床表现的变化,基本上可证实或排除是否为梅毒患者。     

Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for IgM antibodies to Treponema pallidum in syphilis in man

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to Treponema pallidum was investigated for specificity and sensitivity. Using the results in serum from 1192 patients with successfully treated syphilis, the assay was calculated to be about 97% specific. As in any other IgM enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), rheumatoid factor played an important part in causing false positive results. Pre-absorption of serum with aggregated IgG was therefore necessary to perform the test. Evaluation of the results in serum from 385 patients with untreated primary, secondary, and latent syphilis as well as patients with untreated reinfections showed that the sensitivity of the assay depended on the stage of infection and varied between 98% and 93%. IgM antibody titres were about ten times higher in the EIA than in the indirect immunofluorescence assay using the IgM fractions of serum. From the results it may be concluded that the EIA is an appropriate technique not only for rapid and sensitive measurement of IgM antibodies in most patients with untreated syphilis but also for selecting treponemal IgM non-reactive patients.     

Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay for IgM antibodies to Treponema pallidum in syphilis in man.

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies to Treponema pallidum was investigated for specificity and sensitivity. Using the results in serum from 1192 patients with successfully treated syphilis, the assay was calculated to be about 97% specific. As in any other IgM enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), rheumatoid factor played an important part in causing false positive results. Pre-absorption of serum with aggregated IgG was therefore necessary to perform the test. Evaluation of the results in serum from 385 patients with untreated primary, secondary, and latent syphilis as well as patients with untreated reinfections showed that the sensitivity of the assay depended on the stage of infection and varied between 98% and 93%. IgM antibody titres were about ten times higher in the EIA than in the indirect immunofluorescence assay using the IgM fractions of serum. From the results it may be concluded that the EIA is an appropriate technique not only for rapid and sensitive measurement of IgM antibodies in most patients with untreated syphilis but also for selecting treponemal IgM non-reactive patients.