A new surgical technique for the management of orbital fat prolapse

PURPOSE: To present a new surgical technique for the management of orbital fat prolapse. METHODS: Four eyes of three patients (average age +/- SD: 73.0 +/- 6.9 years; range, 69 to 81 years) who presented with orbital fat prolapse were treated with conjunctival fixation to the sclera approximately 8 to 10 mm posterior to the corneoscleral limbs in the area of orbital fat prolapse with four to seven 6.0 Vicryl (polyglactin 910, Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, New Jersey) stitches. RESULTS: The treatment with conjunctival fixation to the sclera was successful in all four eyes, and during a mean follow-up period of 357.5 days (+/-SD: +/-189 days; range, 641 to 263 days), there has been no recurrence of orbital fat prolapse. CONCLUSION: We successfully treated orbital fat prolapse with conjunctival fixation to the sclera, a new surgical approach for this condition.     

手术治疗结膜松弛症临床疗效观察

目的:探讨结膜新月形切除术、结膜缝线固定术治疗结膜松弛症的疗效。方法:对27例48眼结膜松弛症患者随机分组,分别应用结膜新月形切除、结膜缝线固定术进行治疗,术后随访观察疗效。从术后患者自觉症状、裂隙灯显微镜观察结膜松弛改善情况及泪河和泪膜破裂时间(BUT)的变化进行观察分析。结果:术后1wk,结膜新月形切除术组有效率为92%,结膜缝线固定术组有效率为88%。术后1mo,结膜新月形切除术组有效率为92%,结膜缝线固定术组有效率为83%。结论:两种手术方法治疗结膜松弛症方法简单,疗效明确。     

Amniotic membrane transplantation with fibrin glue for conjunctivochalasis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of performing sutureless amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) using fibrin glue for conjunctivochalasis. DESIGN: Noncomparative interventional case series. METHODS: In 25 eyes of 16 patients with refractory conjunctivochalasis (CCh), AMT using fibrin glue was performed to cover the bare sclera. RESULTS: The mean age was 55.2 +/- 18.5 years with nine patients (56.2%) younger than 60 years. The Tenon capsule was dissolved in all eyes. Fibrin glue was effective in securing the amniotic membrane to the sclera. For a mean follow-up of 10.6 +/- 4.3 months, all eyes achieved a smooth conjunctival surface with complete or significant improvement of symptoms in 44% and 56%, respectively. Complications included focal conjunctival inflammation in four eyes and pyogenic granuloma in one eye. CONCLUSION: AMT using fibrin glue can be performed for refractory CCh resulting in alleviating its symptoms and signs.     

New surgical approach for superior conjunctivochalasis

PURPOSE: To show poor adhesion between the conjunctiva and the sclera in eyes with superior conjunctivochalasis (CCh) and to introduce a new surgical approach by reinforcing adhesion between the conjunctiva and the sclera for correcting this deficiency. METHODS: After conjunctival peritomy and removal of the loose Tenon remnants, "Tenon reinforcement" for conjunctival adhesion to the underlying sclera was achieved by transplantation of cryopreserved amniotic membrane with fibrin glue (group A, 9 eyes of 6 patients) or 10-0 nylon sutures (group B, 8 eyes of 6 patients) in 17 eyes of 12 patients with refractory superior CCh. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 68.2 +/- 9.8 years (range, 54-80 years). Superior CCh was associated with a superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)-like clinical feature before surgery and found to exhibit dissolved Tenon capsule during surgery in all patients. During a mean follow-up of 3.7 +/- 1.9 months after surgery, all eyes achieved smooth conjunctival surface without any sign of CCh. Complete resolution of symptoms was seen in 9 eyes (52.9%) and significant resolution in 8 eyes (47.1%). There was no significant difference between groups A and B in improvement of symptoms and signs. No complications related to surgery were noted during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that loose and dissolved Tenon tissue is correlated with the development of superior CCh, which may result in an SLK-like appearance by blink-related microtrauma. Reinforcement of conjunctival adhesion onto the sclera by amniotic membrane with either fibrin glue or sutures is effective in alleviating symptoms and signs in eyes with superior CCh.     

结膜固定术治疗结膜松弛症的疗效评价

目的 评价结膜巩膜缝线固定术与下穹窿结膜固定术治疗结膜松弛症的疗效.方法 对24例双眼结膜松弛症患者,双眼交替行下穹窿结膜固定术、结膜巩膜缝线固定术进行治疗.术后随访观察并进行填表式自觉症状主观评估;裂隙灯形态学、泪河宽度测量、泪膜破裂时间、基础泪液分泌试验、眼表荧光素染色、第一荧光素染色客观评价.结果 术后随访1月下穹窿结膜固定术有效率91.7%,结膜巩膜缝线固定术有效率41.7%.两组间有效率P<0.01,差异有统计学意义.术后随访6月下穹窿结膜固定术有效率为79.2%,结膜巩膜缝线固定术有效率为75.0%.两组间有效率P>0.05,差异无统计学意义.结论 下穹窿结膜固定术术后刺激症状轻,操作简单、安全,为治疗结膜松弛症的一种好手术方法.     

Amniotic membrane transplantation for symptomatic conjunctivochalasis refractory to medical treatments

PURPOSE. To determine whether preserved human amniotic membrane can restore the large conjunctival defect created during surgical removal of conjunctivochalasis. METHODS: Amniotic membrane transplantation was performed at two facilities in 40 consecutive patients (47 eyes) with symptomatic conjunctivochalasis refractory to conventional treatments. RESULTS: The majority of patients were elderly (73.1 +/- 9.7 years) and women (75%). Over a follow-up period of 6.9 +/- 4.3 months, 46 (97.8%) eyes recovered smooth, quiet, and stable conjunctival surfaces. Epithelial defects healed in 16.5 +/- 7.3 days. Episodic epiphora was resolved in 24 of 30 (83.3%) eyes and improved in five other eyes. Notable relief was also noted for such symptoms as fullness or heaviness (19/19, 100%), sharp pain (6/6, 100%), redness (14/17, 88.2%), tiredness (17/20, 80.9%), itching (11/13, 78.6%), blurry or decreased vision (6/8, 75%), burning (8/13, 61.5%), foreign body sensation (8/13, 61.5%), and crust formation (1/2, 50%). Complications included focal inflammation of the host conjunctiva adjacent to the graft (six eyes), scar formation (five eyes), and suture-induced granuloma (one eye). CONCLUSION: Amniotic membrane transplantation can be considered as an effective means for conjunctival surface reconstruction during removal of conjunctivochalasis.     

Low-dose intraoperative mitomycin C as chemoadjuvant for pterygium surgery

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of low-dose intraoperative mitomycin C (MMC) during bare sclera procedure and to compare the rates of pterygium recurrence between recurrent pterygium patients treated with adjuvant MMC and those reconstructed with a conjunctival autograft. METHODS: We studied the recurrence of pterygium, 12-month pterygium-free survival rates, final appearance, and postoperative complications in 96 eyes of 92 patients who received either intraoperative 0.02% MMC for 30 seconds or conjunctival autografting after pterygium excision. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 included 38 eyes with primary pterygium undergone intraoperative MMC; group 2, 26 eyes with recurrent pterygium treated with intraoperative MMC; and group 3, 32 eyes with recurrent pterygium treated with pterygium excision and conjunctival autografting. RESULTS: Pterygium recurred in 3 (7.9%) of 38 eyes in group 1, 5 (19.2%) of 26 eyes in group 2, and 2 (6.3%) of 32 eyes in group 3. Despite the higher recurrence rate in group 2 compared with that of group 3, the difference between the two was not statistically significant (p = 0.22). The cumulative probabilities of success were 91.6+/-4.6%, 80.8+/-7.7%, and 92.3+/-5.4% at 12 months for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Final appearance of the pterygium excision area was satisfactory in nearly two-thirds of the MMC-treated patients, 71.1% and 65.4% for groups I and 2, compared to 75.1% of patients who had undergone conjunctival autografting. No patients experienced severe complications during a mean postoperative follow-up of 27.3+/-4.1 months, 29.9+/-3.9 months, and 40.9+/-19.1 months for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A single intraoperative application of 0.02% MMC for 30 seconds after pterygium excision is associated with minimal complication and effectively reduces the recurrence rates after excision of primary or recurrent pterygium. In comparison with conjunctival autografting, low-dose application of MMC after bare sclera procedure is less efficacious in preventing recurrence of pterygium, but simpler and produces a similar proportion of patients with satisfactory final appearance.     

带蒂结膜瓣移植联合MMC治疗翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症

目的：探讨带蒂结膜瓣移植联合丝裂霉素治疗翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症的疗效。 方法：对翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症患者122例156眼进行翼状胬肉切除,下方带蒂结膜瓣移植联合术中使用0.2g/L丝裂霉素C。 结果：患者122例156眼术后2mo眼部症状有不同程度改善。泪河恢复正常者136眼（87.18％）;泪膜破裂时间（BUT）≥10s者117眼（75.00％）;裂隙灯显微镜检查眼球与下睑缘、内外眦部之间无松弛结膜皱褶者147眼（94.23%）;下睑缘位置正常者142眼（91.03%）。手术后观察6mo~4a,胬肉复发5眼（3.21%）,结膜松弛复发15眼（9.62%）。 结论：翼状胬肉切除术中,下方带蒂结膜瓣移植联合术中使用丝裂霉素C治疗翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症,手术简单易行,取材容易,安全可靠,损伤小,并发症少,复发率低,适合临床开展。     

角膜缘干细胞移植治疗翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症的观察

目的：观察下方角膜缘干细胞移植治疗翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症的效果、并发症和眼表泪液动力学变化等。方法：观察2010-12/2012-12在我院确诊为鼻侧翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症患者30例46眼,年龄49～75（平均61.2±7.2）岁,在鼻侧翼状胬肉切除后,于下方角膜缘取一块与切除区域大小一致,带角膜缘干细胞结膜瓣,移植到翼状胬肉切除后巩膜面暴露区,修整下方球结膜,再将球结膜固定于下方角膜缘及巩膜面。术后随访1a,比较术前和术后1mo的视力变化,以及术前和术后3mo眼表泪液动力学方面的变化,包括泪河线高度及完整性、泪膜破裂时间、荧光素活体染色、氯霉素尝味试验,统计手术并发症及术后1a复发率等。结果：患者术前视力0.04～0.6,中位数0.2; 术后1mo视力0.04～1.0,中位数0.4。术后46眼视力提高21眼（45.7%）,无变化25眼（54.3%）。术后与术前视力比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。术后3mo泪膜破裂时间、荧光素活体染色、氯霉素尝味试验、泪河线高度及完整性均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。术后随访1a,翼状胬肉痊愈33眼（71.7%）,显效11眼（23.9%）,总有效率95.6%,无效2眼（4.4%）,为胬肉复发,复发率4.4%。结膜松弛症主观疗效评价治愈33眼（71.7%）,改善9眼（19.6%）,4眼（8.7%）自觉无明显改善,总有效率91.3%; 客观疗效评价手术区结膜正常41眼（89.1%）,异常5眼（10.9%）,为结膜松弛症复发,复发率10.9%。未发现肉芽增生、下穹隆缩窄、眼球运动障碍等并发症。结论：下方角膜缘干细胞移植治疗翼状胬肉合并结膜松弛症能有效提高患者术后视力,并消除或缓解患者临床症状,改善眼表泪液动力学,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

部分结膜切除术治疗结膜松弛症性溢泪的疗效

目的：评价球结膜部分切除术治疗球结膜松弛症患者溢泪的安全性和有效性。方法：回顾性病例系列研究。对2015年6月到2017年12月在陆军军医大学附属西南医院眼科确诊为结膜松弛症并伴有溢泪症状,接受部分结膜切除手术治疗的患者31例（31眼）,完成随访的27例（27眼）进行统计分析。所有患者的结膜松弛症均为Ⅲ级或以上,接受球结膜部分切除术后,检查患者自觉症状及结膜脱垂体征变化。采用配对t检验比较术前及术后1、6、12个月泪膜破裂时间变化以及术前和术后6个月的下泪河高度变化。结果：术后患者的溢泪症状均消失。拆除结膜缝线后未见切口处的结膜裂开。至术后平均15个月的随访期间,裂隙灯显微镜检查未见结膜松弛症复发。术后随访各时间点泪膜破裂时间均显著提高（P<0.001）,术后12个月下泪河高度较术前提高（t=-14.642,P<0.001）。结论：切除松弛脱垂的球结膜,间断缝合球结膜切口,并固定于浅层巩膜上,可有效避免手术中结膜撕裂和术后结膜切口裂开等手术并发症,能够改善患者的溢泪,一定程度上稳定泪膜,且安全、有效。     

Multilayered amniotic membrane transplantation for severe ulceration of the cornea and sclera

PURPOSE: To examine the efficacy of amniotic membrane transplantation in the treatment of deep corneal and scleral ulcers. PATIENTS: A total of 11 patients were recruited for this study: four patients (four eyes) with corneal perforation, five patients (five eyes) with a deep corneal ulcer and descemetocele, and two patients (two eyes) with a scleral ulcer. METHODS: Ulcers were treated by amniotic membrane transplantation. Separate amniotic membranes were transplanted as material to fill the stromal layer (amniotic membrane filling), as a basement membrane (amniotic membrane graft), and as a wound cover (amniotic membrane patch). After surgery, all cases were treated with artificial tears, autologous serum drops, antibiotic eyedrops, topical corticosteroids, and sodium hyaluronate eyedrops. RESULTS: Eight eyes (72.7%) healed with epithelialization in 16.5 +/- 8.0 days (range, 7 to 29 days), with five and three eyes showing corneal epithelialization and conjunctival epithelialization, respectively. A persistent epithelial defect was noted in one eye with corneal ulcer after limbal allograft transplantation for a chemical burn and in two eyes with corneal ulcers as a complication of rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION: Multilayered amniotic membrane transplantation may be effective for the treatment of deep ulceration of the cornea and sclera. In some eyes with total corneal limbal dysfunction or autoimmune disorders, amniotic membrane transplantation alone is not effective.     

新月形结膜切除联合结膜巩膜固定术前术后泪膜稳定性的观察

目的:探讨新月形结膜切除联合结膜巩膜固定术治疗结膜松弛症术前、术后2mo泪膜的稳定性。方法:对32例新月形结膜切除联合结膜巩膜固定术治疗结膜松弛症的患者,术后2mo月内进行随访,术前、术后均做系统检查,并检测手术前后主观感觉、泪河高度及形态、双眼泪膜破裂时间,Schirmer泪液试纸常规检查泪液分泌值。我们采用配对t检验将患者的术眼术前和术后所测得的数据进行比较。结果:手术前后用Schirmer泪液试纸常规检查泪液分泌值差异无显著意义,手术前后泪河高度和20g/L荧光素滴眼测定泪膜破裂时间的差异均有显著意义(P<0.05)。结论:新月形结膜切除联合结膜巩膜固定术治疗结膜松弛症前后,泪膜的稳定性有改变,对结膜松弛症有效。     

泪道激光联合改良结膜松弛矫正术治疗溢泪

目的探讨泪道阻塞合并结膜松弛引起的溢泪,行泪道激光联合改良结膜松弛矫正术的临床效果。方法2011年10月至2012年10月在天津爱尔眼科医院行泪道激光联合改良结膜松弛矫正术28例（42眼）。分析其治疗溢泪的临床效果、并发症及其手术要点,并与分期手术进行对比。结果42眼中治愈6眼,明显好转25眼,好转10眼,无效1眼,总有效率为97．6％。并发症包括泪道阻塞复发15眼,但其中14眼溢泪症状亦明显改善;治愈病例中有2眼出现轻度干眼。手术效果与分期手术者无明显差异。结论泪道激光联合改良结膜松弛矫正术治疗溢泪有效,术后并发症少。改良结膜松弛矫正术的手术要点是处理眼球筋膜囊,并将其与浅层巩膜固定。     

结膜松弛症性溢泪的手术治疗

目的 :探讨结膜松弛性泪溢症手术治疗效果。方法 :设计 7种松弛结膜切除方法 ,对 31例 5 2眼结膜松弛性泪溢症患者手术切除松弛结膜。结果 :术后 4周 5 2眼中自觉溢泪改善达 76 92 % ;5 7 6 9%患眼室内观察溢泪得到改善 ;76 92 %患眼裂隙灯观察松弛结膜完全消除。结论 :手术切除松弛结膜对治疗结膜松弛性泪溢症有效     

手术治疗结膜松弛症21例临床观察

目的观察结膜切除联合结膜巩膜固定术治疗结膜松弛症的手术疗效。方法按照诊断标准筛选结膜松弛症21例（42眼）行结膜切除联合结膜巩膜固定术,对手术效果进行评估。结果术后临床治愈36眼（85．71％）,自觉症状治愈或改善者39眼（92．86％）,随访6～24月无一例复发,也无一例出现并发症。结论结膜切除联合结膜巩膜固定术治疗结膜松弛症,疗效较好,未见明显并发症。     

不同术式治疗翼状胬肉的疗效观察

目的:寻求一种治疗翼状胬肉的理想手术方式。方法:对121眼采用单纯胬肉切除加巩膜暴露术(49眼)、带蒂结膜瓣转位术(43眼)及加丝裂霉素C的辅助疗法(29眼)3种显微手术方法治疗。随访2mo~4a,比较其复发率。结果:胬肉切除加丝裂霉素C辅助疗法术后无1例复发,单纯胬肉切除加巩膜暴露术复发率为12.3%,带蒂结膜转位术复发率为9.3%,3种手术方法均有部分病例周边角膜云翳。结论:胬肉切除加丝裂霉素C辅助治疗是一种相对理想的手术方法。     

改良小梁切除术联合MMC对NVG的疗效探讨

目的:探讨使用改良小梁切除术联合MMC治疗NVG的疗效。方法:在经典现代小梁切除术基础上,改良行上穹窿为基底的角膜缘处结膜切口、做巩膜瓣5.0mm×4.5mm、巩膜瓣行MMC处理、透明角膜缘连同小梁区切除3.3mm×2.0mm、虹膜剪除前灼凝表面新生血管。结果:9例(9眼)NVG患者术后眼胀痛,头痛等症状消失,眼压保持良好。1例随访4a,3例随访3a,3例随访2a,眼压均稳定在15.88~23.78mmHg。2例失随访。结论:NVG采用改良小梁切除术联合MMC治疗效果较好。     

Fornix-based versus limbal-based conjunctival flaps in initial trabeculectomy with postoperative 5-fluorouracil: four-year follow-up findings

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of fornix-based conjunctival flap versus limbal-based flap in initial trabeculectomy with postoperative 5-fluorouracil. METHODS: 29 patients (58 eyes) with bilateral primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) were included in the study. Patients were randomly assigned to have a fornix-based conjunctival flap in one eye and a limbal-based flap in the other, followed by subconjunctival injection of 5-fluorouracil. RESULTS: Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) 2 years after treatment was 12.9 +/- 12.25 mmHg in eyes with fornix-based conjunctival flaps and 13.1 +/- 16.81 mmHg in eyes with limbal-based conjunctival flaps. At 4 years, mean IOP was 14.7 +/- 9.61 mmHg in eyes with fornix-based conjunctival flaps and 15.1 +/- 7.29 mmHg in eyes with limbal-based conjunctival flaps. Cumulative success at 4 years (IOP < 21 mmHg) was 89.6% in eyes with fornix-based conjunctival flaps versus 86.2% in eyes with limbal-based conjunctival flaps with medications. Cystic leaking blebs occurred in two cases, both with limbal-based flaps. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of limbal- and fornix-based conjunctival flaps in initial trabeculectomy with postoperative 5-fluorouracil was not significantly different; however, in this study cystic leaking blebs were encountered only in eyes with limbal-based conjunctival flaps.     

复发性翼状胬肉33眼手术疗效观察

目的:观察复发性翼状胬肉不同手术方法的术后再复发率及并发症。方法:我院2006-11/2009-02对31例33眼复发性翼状胬肉患者(伴有睑球粘连,眼球运动不同程度受限者12眼)施行翼状胬肉切除、丝裂霉素创面贴敷、自体结膜(带蒂或游离)移植或羊膜移植手术,手术方式:彻底切除净胬肉组织,裸露巩膜创面以0.2g/L丝裂霉素C溶液浸湿的棉片贴敷3min后,用生理盐水冲洗干净。巩膜创面覆盖方法:上或(和)下方结膜转位移植26眼,颞上方结膜游离移植2眼,羊膜移植5眼。结果:随访9mo～3a,胬肉未复发28眼;轻度复发(鼻侧球结膜及结膜下组织充血增厚,但未长入角膜缘或长入角膜缘内≤2mm)5眼,复发率15%,其中结膜转位移植4眼,羊膜移植1眼;睑球粘连轻度复发3眼;术后并发结膜肉芽肿1眼,眼部干痛、有时红卡等不适症状5眼,无1例发生角膜、巩膜溶解。结论:翼状胬肉切除联合自体结膜移植或羊膜移植及丝裂霉素创面贴敷的手术方式能明显降低复发性翼状胬肉的术后再复发率。     

Outcomes of bleb excision and conjunctival advancement for leaking or hypotonous eyes after glaucoma filtering surgery

AIM: To determine outcomes of bleb excision and conjunctival advancement for leaking or hypotonous eyes after glaucoma filtering surgery. METHODS: In a retrospective case series the medical records of all patients who underwent bleb excision and conjunctival advancement surgery for bleb leaks or hypotony (defined as IOP less than 6 mm Hg, associated with reduced vision) at the Jules Stein Eye Institute and the Yale University Eye Center between January 1993 and June 2002 were reviewed. Only patients with more than 6 months of follow up were included. Complete success was defined as resolution of the pre-existing leak or hypotony, with maintenance of IOP > or =6 and < or =21 mm Hg, in the absence of further glaucoma surgery and without any glaucoma medication. Qualified success met the above criteria with or without the use of glaucoma medications. Success rates were analysed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: 49 eyes were included in the study; 13 eyes had overt bleb leaks, 27 eyes had hypotony. Nineteen patients underwent resuturing of sclera and/or placement of a pericardial graft in addition to bleb excision and conjunctival advancement. Mean preoperative IOP increased from 3.2 (SD 2.4) mm Hg (range 0-10 mm Hg) to 13.8 (4.8) mm Hg (range 6-29 mm Hg) at last follow up (p<0.0001). Mean preoperative visual acuity improved from 0.6 (0.3) logMAR (range 0-2) to 0.3 (0.3) logMAR (range 0-2) at final follow up (p<0.0001). 16 eyes (40%) were classified as complete success and 17 additional eyes achieved qualified success, for a total of 33 eyes (83%) achieving at least qualified success. There was no significant difference in the rate of complete success (p = 0.95) or qualified success (p = 0.88) between the group of patients who underwent bleb excision and conjunctival advancement alone versus those who also had resuturing of sclera and/or placement of a pericardial graft. Failures included three eyes that had persistent hypotony without leak, requiring additional bleb revision, and four with uncontrolled IOP, two of whom underwent additional glaucoma surgery. CONCLUSION: Bleb excision with conjunctival advancement is a successful procedure for bleb repair. This technique provides successful resolution of leaks and hypotony, maintains glaucoma control with or without medication, and preserves vision with minimal postoperative complications in a majority of eyes.