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1.
Lisa D. Gardner Christopher A. Loffredo PhD Patricia Langenberg Diane Marie St. George Janaki Deepak Curtis C. Harris Sania Amr 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(8):543-548
Purpose
Lung cancer is a multifactorial malignancy for which some risk factors, such as chronic lung diseases, their interactions with smoking, and how they differ by race and sex, are not fully understood. We investigated the associations between chronic inflammatory lung disease and non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and how sex and race may affect such associations.Methods
Using logistic regression, we analyzed 1660 lung cancer cases and 1959 population controls and estimated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results
Chronic lung disease was significantly associated with higher odds of having NSCLC in never (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.19–3.34), former (AOR = 1.68; 95% CI = 1.29–2.20), and current smokers (AOR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.62–3.57), after adjustment for relevant covariates. For each 5-year increment in chronic lung disease duration, the risk of lung cancer increased only among females (AOR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02–1.13). Females, but not males, with asthma were at risk for NSCLC (AOR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.40–3.10).Conclusions
This study provides support for chronic lung inflammation as a potential contributing factor to lung cancer risk and possible sex difference in the inflammatory events underlying disease mechanisms. 相似文献2.
Ann Weber Gary L. Darmstadt Susan Gruber Megan E. Foeller Suzan L. Carmichael David K. Stevenson Gary M. Shaw 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(11):783-789.e1
Purpose
Spontaneous preterm birth is a leading cause of perinatal mortality in the United States, occurring disproportionately among non-Hispanic black women compared to other race-ethnicities. Clinicians lack tools to identify first-time mothers at risk for spontaneous preterm birth. This study assessed prediction of early (<32 weeks) spontaneous preterm birth among non-Hispanic black and white women by applying state-of-the-art machine-learning to multilevel data from a large birth cohort.Methods
Data from birth certificate and hospital discharge records for 336,214 singleton births to nulliparous women in California from 2007 to 2011 were used in cross-validated regressions, with multiple imputation for missing covariate data. Residential census tract information was overlaid for 281,733 births. Prediction was assessed with areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUCs).Results
Cross-validated AUCs were low (0.62 [min = 0.60, max = 0.63] for non-Hispanic blacks and 0.63 [min = 0.61, max = 0.65] for non-Hispanic whites). Combining racial-ethnic groups improved prediction (cross-validated AUC = 0.67 [min = 0.65, max = 0.68]), approaching what others have achieved using biomarkers. Census tract-level information did not improve prediction.Conclusions
The resolution of administrative data was inadequate to precisely predict individual risk for early spontaneous preterm birth despite the use of advanced statistical methods. 相似文献3.
Rym El Rafei Lilian Ghandour Georges Assaf Lama Charafeddine Ayah Al Bizri Mona Alameh Khalid Yunis 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(6):368-371
Purpose
Much less is known about the effect of advanced paternal age (APA) (≥40 years) than advanced maternal age on neonatal morbidity. More specifically, the correlation with low birth weight remains inconsistent. This study aims to determine whether APA among mothers aged 20–29 years is associated with a higher risk of low birth weight and other neonatal outcomes.Methods
Data from 2004 to 2008 database of the National Collaborative Perinatal Neonatal Network were used. Fifteen thousand two hundred eighteen live birth singleton pregnancies by primigravida mothers aged 20–29 years were analyzed. Study variables include paternal age (years), C-section delivery (yes/no), low birth weight (<2500 g), and preterm births (<37 weeks of gestation). Regressions were generated controlling for birth defects, consanguinity, maternal education, prenatal care, gender, and maternal smoking.Results
Adjusted odds of Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Cesarean Section Deliveries (CSD) were significantly higher in infants of APA fathers compared to those of fathers aged 30–35 years [adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 1.5 (1.1, 2.3) and 1.4 (1.1, 1.7), respectively]. Paternal ages of 35–39 years compared to less than 30 years were associated with higher odds of CSD [adjusted odds ratio = 1.4 (1.2, 1.5)]. APA was not associated with preterm birth after adjustment.Conclusions
This study supports the association between APA and increased risk for LBW and CSD. 相似文献4.
Matthew L. Topel Heval M. Kelli Tené T. Lewis Sandra B. Dunbar Viola Vaccarino Herman A. Taylor Arshed A. Quyyumi 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(7):489-492
Purpose
To examine the association between residence in neighborhoods with high rates of incarceration and cardiometabolic disease among nonincarcerated individuals.Methods
We used data from two community cohort studies (n = 1368) in Atlanta, Georgia–META-Health and Predictive Health (2005–2012)—to assess the association between neighborhood incarceration rate and cardiometabolic disease, adjusting for individual-level and neighborhood-level factors. We also examined the interaction between race and neighborhood incarceration rate.Results
Individuals living in neighborhoods with high incarceration rates were more likely to have dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–2.09) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.07–2.59) in fully adjusted models. Interactions between race and neighborhood incarceration rate were significant; black individuals living in neighborhoods with high incarceration rates were more likely to have hypertension (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.01–2.49), dyslipidemia (OR = 1.77; 95% CI = 1.12–2.80), and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.80; 95% CI = 1.09–2.99).Conclusions
Black individuals living in neighborhoods with high rates of incarceration have worse cardiometabolic health profiles. Criminal justice reform may help reduce race-specific health disparities in the United States. 相似文献5.
Jessica Arrazola Gulzar Shah Jeff Jones Jingjing Yin Elizabeth Harper 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(4):258-263
Purpose
This study describes factors associated with epidemiologists from state health departments (HDs) who served as preceptors.Methods
We used the 2014 Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey, a national survey of state health agency workers, and selected those who identify their role in the organization as an epidemiologist and a state HD employee for analysis. Variables related to recruitment and retention were studied, and predictor variables were assessed. We applied statistical analysis of complex sampling design based on weights generated by the distribution of the epidemiologists. Logistic regression was used to determine factors that are significant predictors of preceptorship.Results
Significant factors of increased preceptorship included being black (adjusted odds ratios [AOR] = 3.98, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.01–7.88), being a team leader (AOR = 2.09, 95% CI, 1.07–4.05), a supervisor (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI, 1.25–6.08), or a manager (AOR = 2.70, 95% CI, 1.15–6.34), and collaborating with academia (AOR = 3.11, 95% CI, 1.82–5.34).Conclusions
State HDs and academic institutions should collaborate to offer applied epidemiology practicum opportunities to (1) increase job satisfaction among applied epidemiologists and (2) prepare the incoming workforce to work in applied epidemiology. 相似文献6.
Kelly M. Bower Ruth J. Geller Nancy A. Perrin Jeanne Alhusen 《Women's health issues》2018,28(6):495-501
Background
Racial disparities in birth outcomes represent a significant public health concern in the United States. Factors associated with racism have been posited as a mechanism underlying these disparities. Yet, findings from previous studies are mixed and based on small, geographically limited samples. This study aims to examine the relationship between experiences of racism and preterm birth in a population-based sample and to explore the role of adequacy of prenatal care within that relationship.Methods
Data from the 2004 through 2012 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System were analyzed. The sample included non-Hispanic Black mothers from 11 states and New York City who delivered neonates from 2004 to 2012 (n = 11,582). Survey-weighted regression analyses were used to examine the association between women feeling upset by experiences of racism in the 12 months before delivery and subsequent preterm birth. Adequacy of prenatal care was tested as an effect modifier.Results
Feeling upset by experiences of racism was significantly associated with greater odds of preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.04–1.59). Results from interaction models revealed that the associations of experiences of racism with preterm birth differed by level of prenatal care, although the interaction term was not significant.Conclusions
Findings suggest that, for non-Hispanic Black women, the emotional effect of experiences of racism may contribute to the risk of preterm birth. Future studies should consider the role of adequate prenatal care in this relationship. Racism is an important public health problem with a measurable impact on preterm birth and should be addressed to eliminate racial inequities in birth outcomes. 相似文献7.
Susan M. Mason Patricia G. Schnitzer Valery A. Danilack Beth Elston David A. Savitz 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(9):590-596
Background
Child maltreatment is a major public health problem, but population-based surveillance and research is hindered by limitations of official child welfare data. The present study used a promising complementary data source, hospital discharge data, to investigate risk factors for infant injuries suggestive of maltreatment.Methods
Discharge data from all hospital births to New York City residents from 1995 to 2004 were linked to birth certificates and to subsequent infant hospitalizations within 12 months after delivery. Probable maltreatment of infants was identified with 33 injury diagnosis codes highly correlated with maltreatment. Modified Poisson regression estimated the association of sociodemographic factors and pregnancy/birth characteristics with subsequent infant admission for probable maltreatment.Results
Risk factors for maltreatment included neonatal intensive care unit stays of more than 11 days (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.8), preterm birth (aRR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.1), maternal age less than 20 years (aRR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2–1.9), and public insurance (aRR = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2–1.9). Factors associated with reduced maltreatment risk included mother born outside the United States (aRR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6–0.8) and female infant (aRR = 0.7; 95% CI: 0.6–0.9).Conclusions
Sociodemographic factors and challenges at birth (preterm, neonatal intensive care unit stays) are important risk factors for subsequent maltreatment-related hospitalization, with potential implications for prevention targeting. 相似文献8.
Chih-Ying Li Soham Al Snih Amol Karmarkar Kyriakos S. Markides Kenneth J. Ottenbacher 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(6):362-367.e3
Purpose
To investigate the effect of early frailty transitions on 15-year mortality risk.Methods
Longitudinal data analysis of the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly involving 1171 community-dwelling Mexican Americans aged ≥67 years and older. Frailty was determined using the modified frailty phenotype, including unintentional weight loss, weakness, self-reported exhaustion, and slow walking speed. Participants were defined at baseline as nonfrail, prefrail, or frail and divided into nine transition groups, during a 3-year observation period.Results
Mean age was 77.0 years (standard deviation [SD] = 5.3) and 59.1% were female. Participants who transitioned from prefrail to frail (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.23–2.28), frail to prefrail (HR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.05–2.28); or who remained frail (HR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.21–2.44), had significant higher 15-year mortality risk than those who remained nonfrail. Participants transitioning from frail to nonfrail had a similar 15-year mortality risk as those who remained nonfrail (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.53–1.72). Weight loss and slow walking speed were associated with transitions to frailty.Conclusions
An early transition from frail to nonfrail in older Mexican Americans was associated with a 4% decrease in mortality compared with those who remained nonfrail, although this difference was not statistically significant. Additional longitudinal research is needed to understand positive transitions in frailty. 相似文献9.
Gabriel D. Shapiro Tracey Bushnik Russell Wilkins Michael S. Kramer Jay S. Kaufman Amanda J. Sheppard Seungmi Yang 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(8):503-509.e11
Purpose
An increasing percentage of children are born to couples who cohabit but are not legally married. Using data from a nationally representative Canadian sample, we estimated associations of maternal marital and cohabitation status with stillbirth, infant mortality, preterm birth (PTB), and small- and large-for-gestational-age (SGA and LGA) birth.Methods
The 2006 Canadian Birth-Census Cohort was created by linking birth registration data with the 2006 long-form census. We used log-binomial regression to estimate risk ratios (RRs) for adverse birth outcomes associated with being single or living with a common-law partner. Analyses were adjusted for maternal age and education.Results
Data were analyzed for 130,931 singleton births. Adjusted RRs (95% confidence intervals) for single mothers compared with married mothers were 1.92 (1.51–2.42) for stillbirth, 2.08 (1.55–2.81) for infant mortality, 1.36 (1.27–1.46) for PTB, 1.31 (1.22–1.39) for SGA birth, and 0.95 (0.90–1.01) for LGA birth. Adjusted RRs for cohabiting mothers compared with married mothers were 0.93 (0.74–1.16) for stillbirth, 1.05 (0.81–1.35) for infant mortality, 1.09 (1.03–1.15) for PTB, 1.05 (0.99–1.10) for SGA birth, and 0.96 (0.92–1.00) for LGA birth.Conclusions
In a nationally representative Canadian birth cohort, cohabiting and legally married women experienced similar birth outcomes, but most outcomes for single women were substantially worse. 相似文献10.
Gotaro Kojima 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2018,19(12):1063-1068
Objectives
To quantitatively examine frailty defined by FRAIL scale as a predictor of incident disability risks by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis.Setting
A systematic review was conducted using 4 electronic databases (Embase, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) in April 2018 for prospective cohort studies of middle-aged or older people examining associations between frailty and incident disability. Reference lists of the included studies were hand-searched for additional studies. Authors of potentially eligible studies were contacted for additional data if necessary. Methodological quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.Participants
Community-dwelling middle-aged and older people.Measurements
Incident risks of activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) disability according the FRAIL scale-defined frailty.Results
Seven studies provided odds ratios of incident disability risks according to frailty and were included in the meta-analysis. A random effects meta-analysis showed that frailty and prefrailty were significant predictors of ADL [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 9.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 4.71-20.46, P < .001 for frailty (FRAIL scale = 3-5) and pooled OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.77-2.45, P < .001 for prefrailty (FRAIL scale = 1-2) compared with robustness (FRAIL scale = 0); pooled OR = 4.44, 95% CI = 3.26-6.04, P < .001 for frailty compared with nonfrailty (FRAIL scale = 0-2)] and IADL (pooled OR = 2.50, 95% CI = 1.67-3.73, P < .001, for frailty and pooled OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.10-2.77, P = .02, for prefrailty compared with robustness). There was no evidence of publication bias.Conclusions/Implications
The current study demonstrated that frailty status defined by the FRAIL scale was a significant predictor of disability among community-dwelling middle-aged and older individuals. In light of feasibility of the FRAIL scale, especially in a clinical setting, it may be a promising tool to facilitate the translation of frailty research into clinical practice. 相似文献11.
Denise M. Danos Tekeda F. Ferguson Neal R. Simonsen Claudia Leonardi Qingzhao Yu Xiao-Cheng Wu Richard A. Scribner 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(5):316-321.e2
Purpose
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to demonstrate racial disparities in incidence and survival in the United States. This study investigates the role of neighborhood concentrated disadvantage in racial disparities in CRC incidence in Louisiana.Methods
Louisiana Tumor Registry and U.S. Census data were used to assess the incidence of CRC diagnosed in individuals 35 years and older between 2008 and 2012. Neighborhood concentrated disadvantage index (CDI) was calculated based on the PhenX Toolkit protocol. The incidence of CRC was modeled using multilevel binomial regression with individuals nested within neighborhoods.Results
Our study included 10,198 cases of CRC. Adjusting for age and sex, CRC risk was 28% higher for blacks than whites (risk ratio [RR] = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.22–1.33). One SD increase in CDI was associated with 14% increase in risk for whites (RR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.10–1.18) and 5% increase for blacks (RR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.02–1.09). After controlling for differential effects of CDI by race, racial disparities were not observed in disadvantaged areas.Conclusion
CRC incidence increased with neighborhood disadvantage and racial disparities diminished with mounting disadvantage. Our results suggest additional dimensions to racial disparities in CRC outside of neighborhood disadvantage that warrants further research. 相似文献12.
Leah N. Torres David K. Turok Erin A.S. Clark Jessica N. Sanders Emily M. Godfrey 《Women's health issues》2018,28(5):393-400
Objective
To assess the impact of contraceptive counseling on the uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), namely, intrauterine devices and the contraceptive implant, by 3 months postpartum among women with a recent preterm birth.Design
We enrolled patients in a single-blinded, one-to-one, randomized, controlled trial to assess the impact of enhanced family planning counseling immediately after a viable preterm birth in the inpatient setting. Participants received either structured counseling with an emphasis on LARC by a family planning specialist (intervention) or routine postpartum care (control). We followed participants to the primary outcome of LARC use 3 months postpartum.Results
We followed 121 participants for 3 months. Primary outcome data were available for 119 participants (61 intervention, 58 control). We found no demographic differences between the groups. Participants in the intervention group were significantly more likely to use LARC at 3 months postpartum compared with controls (51% vs. 31%; p < .05). For every six women who received the counseling intervention, one additional woman was using a LARC method at 3 months.Conclusions
After a preterm birth, brief LARC-focused, structured counseling before hospital discharge significantly increased LARC method use at 3 months postpartum. 相似文献13.
Gotaro Kojima Yu Taniguchi Akihiko Kitamura Shoji Shinkai 《Journal of the American Medical Directors Association》2018,19(9):797-800.e2
Objectives
To explore comparability of Kihon Checklist (KCL) and Kaigo-Yobo Checklist (KYCL) to Frailty Index (FI) in predicting risks of long-term care insurance (LTCI) certification and/or mortality over 3 years.Design
Prospective cohort study.Setting and Participants
1023 Japanese community-dwelling older adults from the Kusatsu Longitudinal Study of Aging and Health.Measures
Frailty status was quantified at baseline using KCL, KYCL, and 32-deficit and 68-deficit FI. Relationships of the measures were examined using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Cox regression models examined the risk of new certification of LTCI or mortality according to KCL, KYCL, and FI. Predictive abilities of KCL and KYCL were compared with FI using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), C statistics, net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI).Results
Mean age was 74.7 years and 57.6% were women. KCL and KYCL were significantly correlated to 32-FI (r = 0.60 and 0.36, respectively) and to 68-FI (r = 0.88 and 0.61, respectively). During the follow-up period, 92 participants (9%) were newly certified for LTCI or died. Fully adjusted Cox models showed that higher KCL, KYCL, 32-FI, and 68-FI were all significantly associated with elevated risks [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01-1.04, P < .001; HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02-1.05, P < .001; HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01-1.05, P = .001; HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.02-1.06, P < .001, respectively, per 1/100 increase of max score]. AUC and C-statistics of KCL and KYCL were not different statistically from those of 32-FI and 68-FI. Predictive abilities of KCL were superior to 32-FI in NRI and IDI but inferior to 68-FI in category-free NRI, and those of KYCL were superior to 32-FI in IDI but inferior to 68-FI in NRI.Conclusions
Although KCL and KYCL include smaller numbers of items than standard FI, both tools were shown to be highly correlated with FI, significant predictors of LTCI certification and/or mortality, and compatible to FI in the risk prediction. 相似文献14.
Jessica S. Citronberg Sheetal Hardikar Amanda Phipps Jane C. Figueiredo Polly Newcomb 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(10):739-741
Purpose
Existing studies on laxatives, used by roughly 40% of the U.S. population experiencing constipation and colorectal cancer (CRC) have yielded inconsistent results, which may be due to a failure to account for differential risks by major laxative types: bulk (fiber-based), and nonbulk (or nonfiber-based).Methods
We examined the association of nonfiber-based laxative use and fiber-based laxative use with the risk of CRC in a subset of the multisite, International Colon Cancer Family Registry cohort comprising 4930 primary invasive CRC cases and 4025 controls selected from the general population. Epidemiologic risk factor questionnaires were administered to all participants at recruitment, and exposures were ascertained approximately 1 year before diagnosis for cases and at a comparable period for controls. We ascertained known and suspected CRC risk factors, including regular laxative use, which was defined as laxative intake at least twice a week for more than a month. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).Results
Individuals who reported using nonfiber-based laxatives regularly were at a significantly increased risk for CRC compared with those who reported no laxative use (OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.47–3.19). No statistically significant associations were observed between fiber-based laxative use and CRC (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.80–1.22).Conclusions
Compared with nonusers, the risk of CRC increased with nonfiber-based laxative use, whereas CRC risk was not significantly associated with fiber-based laxative use. 相似文献15.
Larissa R. Brunner Huber Kenesha Smith Wei Sha Liang Zhao Tara Vick 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(6):372-376
Purpose
One-third of all pregnancies in the United States are conceived within 18 months of a prior live birth. Preventing unintended pregnancies may help to decrease the prevalence of pregnancies with these short interpregnancy intervals. However, data on factors associated with pregnancy intention among women who have had short birth intervals are sparse. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data were used to further evaluate these associations.Methods
Because only Mississippi and Tennessee Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System include a survey question about birth interval length, this analysis was limited to women from those states who recently had a short birth interval (n = 384). Pregnancy intention and demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive data were obtained from surveys and birth certificates. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results
Nearly 76% of women with short birth intervals reported their pregnancy as unintended. Women who were non-Hispanic black or consumed alcohol during pregnancy had statistically significant increased odds of reporting the pregnancy with a short birth interval as being unintended (OR = 3.98; 95% CI: 1.73–9.16 and OR = 10.56; 95% CI: 1.80–61.83, respectively).Conclusions
Although all women should be counseled on postpartum contraceptive use, findings suggest that important subpopulations of women may benefit from more targeted counseling during prenatal care visits and the immediate postpartum hospital stay regarding the importance of using contraception to not only better space pregnancies but also prevent unintended pregnancies. 相似文献16.
Katy B. Kozhimannil Ifeoma Muoto Blair G. Darney Aaron B. Caughey Jonathan M. Snowden 《Women's health issues》2018,28(3):224-231
Background
In 2011, Oregon implemented a policy that reduced the state's rate of early (before 39 weeks' gestation) elective (without medical need) births.Objective
This analysis measured differential policy effects by race, examining whether Oregon's policy was associated with changes in non-Hispanic Black–White disparities in early elective cesarean and labor induction.Methods
We used Oregon birth certificate data, defining prepolicy (2008–2010) and postpolicy (2012–2014) periods, including non-Hispanic Black and White women who gave birth during these periods (n = 121,272). We used longitudinal spline models to assess policy impacts by race and probability models to measure policy-associated changes in Black–White disparities.Results
We found that the prepolicy Black–White differences in early elective cesarean (6.1% vs. 4.3%) were eliminated after policy implementation (2.8% vs. 2.5%); adjusted models show decreases in the odds of elective early cesarean among Black women after the policy change (adjusted odds ratio, 0.47; 95% confidence interval, 0.22–1.00; p = .050) and among White women (adjusted odds ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–0.93; p = .006). Adjusted probability models indicated that policy implementation resulted in a 1.75-percentage point narrowing (p = .011) in the Black–White disparity in early elective cesarean. Early elective induction also decreased, from 4.9% and 4.7% for non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White women to 3.8% and 2.5%, respectively; the policy was not associated with a statistically significant change in disparities.Conclusions
A statewide policy reduced racial disparities in early elective cesarean, but not early elective induction. Attention to differential policy effects by race may reveal changes in disparities, even when that is not the intended focus of the policy. 相似文献17.
Correlates of long-acting reversible contraception versus sterilization use in advanced maternal age
Shelby N. Apodaca Melissa D. Mendez Sheralyn S. Sanchez Zuber D. Mulla 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(7):447-451
Purpose
To identify correlates associated with choosing long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) over female sterilization (FS) from a subsample of women aged 35 to 44 years in a nationally representative survey.Methods
We analyzed data from women aged 35 to 44 years from the 2011–2013 National Survey of Family Growth Female Respondent File (n = 1532). Data were analyzed using SAS 9.3 software. All analyses accounted for the complex survey sample design. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with choosing LARC versus FS. A domain analysis was performed focusing on women aged 35 to 44 years.Results
Approximately 90% of the surveyed women had not received counseling or information about birth control in the past 12 months. Factors associated with using an LARC method versus FS were higher level of education, birth outside of the United States, and higher number of lifetime male sexual partners. Factors associated with using FS versus an LARC method were non-Hispanic black race and women who had not had a checkup related to using a birth control method in the last 12 months.Conclusions
The results of our study suggest that a large proportion of women of advanced maternal age in the United States have not received contraceptive counseling in the past 12 months. Providers should focus on providing comprehensive contraceptive and sterilization counseling to women aged 35 to 44 years, especially those using unreliable, reversible contraception. 相似文献18.
Carla L. DeSisto Ashley H. Hirai James W. Collins Kristin M. Rankin 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(4):225-230
Purpose
To determine components of excess preterm birth (PTB) rates for U.S.-born black women relative to both foreign-born black women and U.S.-born white women attributable to differences in observed sociodemographic, behavioral, and medical risk factors.Methods
Using the 2013 U.S. natality files, we used Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition on the absolute scale to estimate the contribution of the group differences in the prevalence of PTB predictors between U.S.- and foreign-born black women and U.S.-born black and U.S.-born white women.Results
U.S.-born blacks had a 3.2 (95% confidence interval: 3.0–3.5) and 4.4 (95% confidence interval: 4.3–4.5) percentage point higher risk of PTB than foreign-born blacks and U.S.-born whites, respectively. The variables in the models explained between 18% and 27% of the PTB disparities. Differences in paternal acknowledgment (about 12%), maternal hypertension (about 7%–11%), and maternal education (about 6%–10%) explained the largest proportion of these disparities.Conclusions
Programs and policies that address both distal and proximate factors, including the social determinants of health and the prevention and management of hypertension, may reduce the higher rates of PTB among U.S.-born black women compared to foreign-born black women and U.S.-born white women. 相似文献19.
Eliza Hartley Briony Hill Cate Bailey Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz Helen Skouteris 《Women's health issues》2018,28(6):530-538
Background
Postpartum depression and anxiety are prevalent in the first year after giving birth and can have problematic health outcomes for the mother and infant, although further research is required about the factors that contribute to their development. This study explored the trajectory of depressive and anxiety symptoms across the first postpartum year and their associations with body attitudes, body mass index, and weight retention.Methods
Participants were 467 women recruited during pregnancy via online forums, in parenting magazines, and at baby and children's markets, or from a large tertiary Australian hospital. Participants reported retrospectively on the prepregnancy period and provided data in early pregnancy (Baseline; M = 17.1 weeks pregnant), at 3 months postpartum (T1; M = 13.1 weeks after birth), 6 months postpartum (T2; M = 26.6 weeks after birth), and 12 months postpartum (T3; M = 52.8 weeks after birth).Results
Latent growth curve modelling revealed that, from T1 to T3, depressive symptoms significantly decreased, whereas anxiety symptoms did not change significantly. Demographic factors, weight retention, body mass index, and body attitudes at T1 did not significantly predict the course of depression and anxiety over time; however, greater postpartum weight retention and negative body attitudes at T1 predicted a more severe experience of both depression and anxiety at T3.Conclusions
These findings emphasize the need to assess and monitor the risk factors that can have an adverse impact on postpartum women's psychological health. This finding is particularly important for women deemed to be at risk of problematic body image or weight issues so that health professionals can intervene, and better ensure the health of new mothers in the longer term. 相似文献20.
Andrew D. Ablett Adrian D. Wood Rebecca Barr Jordan Guillot Alison J. Black Helen M. Macdonald David M. Reid Phyo K. Myint 《Annals of epidemiology》2018,28(8):557-562.e2