八个半综合征2例报告并文献复习

<正>一个半综合征(one-and-a-half syndrome)是由脑桥被盖部病变所致眼球运动障碍的一组症候群,一个半综合征合并同侧面瘫被称为八个半综合征(eight-and-a-half syndrome),临床极为罕见,具有重要的定位价值。现将我们在临床上遇到的2例"八个半综合征"报道如下。1临床资料病例1,男,63岁,农民。主因"头晕、言语不清1 d"于2017年1月4日14:25收入院。患者于入院前1 d无明显诱因出现头晕、走路不稳,伴言语不清,伴视物模糊、双影,伴吞咽困难、饮水呛咳,无恶心呕吐、肢体无力及意识障碍,发病     

左房黏液瘤合并多发脑梗死及颅内多发动脉瘤1例报告

现报告1例心脏黏液瘤合并多发性脑梗死及多发性颅内动脉瘤如下。1病例女,24岁。因"头晕、走路不稳4 d"于2011年8月14日入院。患者4 d前无明显诱因出现持续性头晕、双眼视物不清、走路不稳及左侧肢体麻木,伴有心慌、心悸。家族史无特殊。查体:体温36.8℃,脉搏80/min,呼吸18/min,血压98/60 mmHg(1mm=0.133kPa);思睡,言语流利;双眼右视有     

双侧延髓内侧梗死一例

患者男性,49岁。主因突发头晕2d,言语不清、四肢无力1d,于2013年5月7日入院。患者于入院前2d晨起无明显诱因突发头晕伴恶心、呕吐,无视物旋转、肢体无力,症状持续存在,未予处理。入院前1d出现言语不清、饮水呛咳,四肢无力,以左侧显著,并逐渐出现嗜睡。发病后6h至我院急诊就诊,头部MRI检查显示双侧延髓内侧梗死。     

1例缺血性卒中的分层诊断与治疗病例报告

1病例简介 患者男性,63岁,以"言语不清伴右手指尖麻木1 d"为主诉于2009年5月18日入院.患者于入院1 d前工作中无明显诱因突然出现言语含糊不清,伴右手指尖麻木,口角歪斜,症状持续不缓解.无头痛、头晕,无肢体活动障碍,无目蒙及意识障碍.     

中脑被盖中央部梗死致共济失调两例报道

中脑被盖中央部梗死罕见,临床表现特异[1].现将山东省烟台市烟台山医院神经内科收治的2例患者报道如下. 例1男,55岁,因"头晕伴言语不清,行走不稳10d"于2007年8月10日入院.患者入院前10 d无明显诱因出现头晕,言语不清,伴复视,行走不稳,持物易落,持续几分钟后缓解,每日发作数次.发作时无视物旋转,无头痛、耳鸣及恶心、呕吐.     

双侧延髓内侧梗死一例

<正>患者男性,49岁。主因突发头晕2 d,言语不清、四肢无力1 d,于2013年5月7日入院。患者于入院前2 d晨起无明显诱因突发头晕伴恶心、呕吐,无视物旋转、肢体无力,症状持续存在,未予处理。入院前1 d出现言语不清、饮水呛咳,四肢无力,以左侧显著,并逐渐出现嗜睡。发病后6 h至我院急诊就诊,头部MRI检查显示双侧延髓内侧梗死。既往高血压病史20余年,血压控制欠佳,波动于170/110 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)。患者10年前曾发生过短暂性左上肢麻木,具体经过不详,否认其他病史。     

破伤风2例误诊为神经系统疾病分析

1病历资料病例1患者女,85岁,农民,以"右上肢力弱伴言语不清10d,四肢僵硬7d"为代诉入院,入院前10d,患者拾麦子时向前摔倒,口唇部着地,第2天患者出现右上肢力弱,持物不稳,言语不清,伴右上肢疼痛,不剧烈,活动时明显,伴吞咽及饮水呛咳,无头晕及视物成双,持续无缓解,至当地行头颅     

富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活蛋白1抗体阳性边缘性脑炎1例报告

正富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活蛋白1(LGI1)抗体阳性边缘性脑炎(LE),简称LGI1抗体脑炎,是近几年被认识的一种自体免疫性LE,现报告1例如下。1病例男,49岁。因"发作性记忆丧失10 d"于2016年5月16日入院。患者于入院前10 d工作中突然出现记忆丧失,不能回忆熟悉的人姓名及刚发生的事情,无言语混乱、言语不清,无肢体麻木及活动障碍,持续约10 min症状好转。次日     

以双侧小脑功能障碍为主要表现的中脑梗死二例

1 病例简介 　　例1 患者,男性,40岁,因"言语不清伴行走不稳6 h"入院.患者6 h前上班时突感头晕,言语不清,同时出现行走不稳,不能站立.患者无发热、头痛、意识不清,无恶心呕吐、饮水呛咳,无大小便失禁.……     

银杏内酯注射液治疗脑卒中基底动脉闭塞后再通1例

正1临床资料患者男,54岁,因"头晕走路不稳7d,言语不清左耳听力下降3d",于2014-10-23入我科。入院前7d因劳累出现头晕、视物旋转,走路不稳,踩棉花感,未予治疗,症状无缓解。入院前3d出现左耳听力明显下降、言语含混。病后饮水略有呛咳,无视物双影,无抽搐及意识障碍。既往病史:高血压病程4a,规律服用降压药,平素血压控制尚可。2次脑梗死史,分别于2013-02头MRI提示右侧     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.