应用经导管动脉导管双面伞器堵闭术治疗动脉导管未闭12例

１９９４年５～６月使用Ｒａｓｈｋｉｎｄ动脉导管堵闭系统治疗１２例动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）患儿。年龄４．５～１０岁，平均５．８岁。体重１２．５～２６．５ｋｇ，平均１８．３ｋｇ。漏斗型１０例，管型２例。ＰＤＡ最窄处内经２．２～４．９ｍｍ，平均３．９ｍｍ。１２例堵闭术均一次成功。术后用彩色多普勒超声心动图随诊，术后第２天４例有少量残余分流，术后１个月仅３例有少量残余分流，无一例有并发症。提示该方法Ｐｏｒｓ－ｍａｎｎ有适应证范围广，创伤小，安全有效，成功率高的优点。     

经导管弹簧圈堵闭治疗小儿动脉导管未闭

目的评价经导管弹簧圈堵闭小儿动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）的效果。方法１９９７年１月～１０月堵闭治疗２５例ＰＤＡ患儿，年龄１５～１４０岁，平均６８±２７岁；体重１０～３７ｋｇ，平均１９７±７９ｋｇ。ＰＤＡ最窄处直径１３～２８ｍｍ，ＰＤＡ长度５０～１０９ｍｍ；形态有短管型、长管型、漏斗型。采用美国Ｃｏｏｋ公司生产的３种弹簧圈堵闭ＰＤＡ。结果成功率为１００％，术后心血管造影显示，８０％（２０／２５）患儿有极少量残余分流，术后２４小时彩超复查仅有２例有少量残余分流，术后１个月彩超复查无一例有残余分流。结论经导管弹簧圈堵闭小儿ＰＤＡ，是较安全且创伤小的非开胸方法，适用于婴幼儿，特别是ＰＤＡ最窄处直径在３ｍｍ以内的患儿     

经导管Amplatzer堵塞器治疗动脉导管未闭的评价

为研究评价新的自膨性Ａｍｐｌａｔｚｅｒ堵塞器关闭动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）的疗效,于１９９８年８月至１９９９年２月应用Ａｍｐｌａｔｚｅｒ堵塞器关闭突兀 ,年龄０．８～１１岁（平均３．９岁）,体重７～３９ｋｇ（平均１５．８ｋｇ）,ＰＤＡ最狭处直径２．３～６．４３ｍｍ（平均３．５ｍｍ）。应用６Ｆ长鞘经股静脉插至降主动脉递送堵塞器,术后１０～１５分钟作主动脉造影评价即职效。关闭术后２４小时、１月、３月、６月     

应用可回收与非回收弹簧圈装置堵塞动脉导管未闭的比较

目的比较应用可回收（ｄｅｔａｃｈａｂｌｅｃｏｉｌ）与非回收弹簧圈（ｎｏｎｄｅｔａｃｈａｂｌｅｃｏｉｌ）堵塞动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）的效果，并探讨影响效果的因素。方法经导管堵塞１８例ＰＤＡ患儿，男４例，女１４例；年龄３～１２岁。ＰＤＡ最狭窄处直径为１．２～３．６ｍｍ（平均２．３ｍｍ）。其中３例ＰＤＡ外科结扎后再通，１例ＰＤＡ伴肺动脉瓣狭窄。结果１８例患儿中７例应用非回收弹簧圈堵塞法，其中５例获成功；１１例应用可回收弹簧圈装置，堵塞均获成功，其中９例应用双圆锥形弹簧圈，另２例采用Ｃｏｏｋ可回收弹簧圈。彩色多普勒显示９例堵塞术２４小时后无分流，２例随访发现极少量分流。结论应用可回收弹簧圈堵塞ＰＤＡ，其效果优于非回收弹簧圈；可适用未经手术及外科结扎后再通的ＰＤＡ患儿。该法简便、有效、安全、并发症少，为堵塞中小型（直径≤３．５ｍｍ）ＰＤＡ值得推荐的方法     

动脉导管未闭三种堵闭方法的比较

为比较动脉导管未闭三种堵闭方法的疗效，１９８９年３月～１９９４年１２月分别采用Ｐｏｒｓｔｍａｎｎ法、Ｒａｓｈｋｉｎｄ法及Ｓｉｄｅｒｉｓ法堵闭动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）共５６例。其中Ｐｏｒｓｔｍａｎｎ法２３例，成功率９２％（２３／２５例）；Ｋａｓｈｋｉｎｄ法２３例，成功率１００％（２３／２３例），Ｓｉｄｅｒｉｓ法８例，全部成功。结果是：三种方法比较以Ｐｏｒｓｔｍａｎｎ法疗效最好，对２３例成功堵闭ＰＤＡ的患儿经３年随访，无一例有残余分流，但其适应证范围小，且并发症较多；Ｒａｓｈｋｉｎｄ法和Ｓｉｄｅｒｉｓ法适应证范围广，操作简便，但术后２４小时残余分流发生率较高，分别为２６％（６／２３例）和２５％（２／８例）。提示，后两种方法值得改进后推广应用。     

电视胸腔镜下手术治疗小儿动脉导管未闭

电视胸腔镜手术是９０年代兴起的新技术，本院１９９２年底开展此项手术，并取得良好效果，其中治疗先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）８例，占治疗总数的２０％，现报告如下。临床资料：患儿年龄２～１２岁，平均４岁。男５例，女３例。术前经彩超诊断为ＰＤＡ，直径０．３～１．０ｃｍ。管状５例，漏斗状３例。采用Ｗｕｌｆ电视内窥镜系统，进口钛钉及国产钽钉。手术要点：单腔静脉复合麻醉，右侧卧位，于腋中线、第三或四肋间为中点，分别做２～３个０．５～１．０ｃｍ皮肤切口，分别送人套针，应先注入２００～１０００ｍＩＣＯ２将肺…     

小儿全肠外营养108例分析

目的探索更合理的小儿全肠外营养（ｔｏｔａｌｐａｒｅｎｔｅｒａｌｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎ，ＴＰＮ）支持的方案。方法收集１９８７年１月至１９９６年１２月中住院患儿应用ＴＰＮ≥５天的临床资料共１０８例；年龄３个月～１２岁，平均ＴＰＮ持续１７天（５～１３２天）。经周围静脉ＴＰＮ１０３例，中心静脉ＴＰＮ５例。结果１０８例中出院１０２例，死亡６例。出院患儿中体重增加４８例，不变３３例，下降２１例。发生ＴＰＮ有关的并发症共１２例（占１１．８％），其中肝损害及胆汁郁积５例，高血糖２例，高脂血症２例，低磷、低钙血症２例，导管感染１例。结论（１）一般热卡在１６７～３３５ｋＪ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１，可获得正氮平衡及体重增加。推荐氨基酸剂量婴幼儿为２．０～２．５ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１，儿童为１．５～２．０ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１；脂肪乳剂婴幼儿推荐量为１～３ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１，儿童为１～２ｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１。（２）婴幼儿应选择小儿氨基酸；肝功能不全或肿瘤化疗患儿应选含中链甘油三脂的脂肪乳剂。（３）脂肪乳剂输注应＞１６小时；葡萄糖８～１４ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｍｉｎ－１，提倡“全合一”输注。（４）应常规补充钙磷。     

早产儿PDA超声心动图血流形态改变类型对应用消炎痛治疗的指导作用

消炎痛是常规治疗早产儿动脉导管未闭（ＰＤＡ）的药物，该研究旨在比较依据多普勒超声心动图（ＥＣＨＯ）观察ＰＤＡ分流方式改变应用消炎痛与常规应用消炎痛治疗ＰＤＡ的疗效和安全性． 方法１９９５～１９９７年日本和台湾两所医院中，出生体重小于１５００ｇ，需机械通气，具有临床症状且经ＥＣＨＯ检查证实为ＰＤＡ的９３例患儿作为研究对象，随机分为两组：常规治疗组（对照组）４６例，消炎痛首次剂量０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ然后每１２小时一次，再给两次（剂量依据患儿出生日龄：４８小时内０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ超过４８小时０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ…     

早产儿动脉导管未闭发病率及消炎痛治疗10年总结

目的探讨早产儿动脉导管未闭的发病率及消炎痛的治疗效果。方法根据早产儿及患动脉导管未闭例数计算早产儿动脉导管未闭的发病率。观察早产儿动脉导管未闭发病率与早产儿体重及胎龄的关系，探讨消炎痛对早产儿动脉导管未闭患儿的治疗效果。结果早产儿动脉导管未闭的发病率为５．０６％（６０／１１８５），出生体重≤１５００克者，其发病率为６．５４％（１０／１５５），～２０００克者为５．２５％（２７／５１４），～２５００克者为４．８８％（１９／３８９），≥２５００克者为３．１５％（４／１２７），各组发病率有显著性差异（ｘ２＝６４．８５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。早产儿动脉导管未闻发病率与胎龄无关（ｘ２＝０．３４４，Ｐ＞０．０５）。消炎痛治疗４１例，痊愈３１例（７５．８１％）。≤１５００克、２０００克、２５００克及≥２５００克等组消炎病治愈率分别１００％、９０．９１％、５３．８４％和０（ｘ２＝１３．６２，Ｐ＜０．０５），治愈率与胎龄无关。结论早产儿动脉导管未闻的发病率及消炎痛对其治愈率随出生体重增加而降低，两者与胎龄无关。     

血细胞分离机在小儿血液病治疗中的应用

应用血液细胞分离机治疗小儿血液病,具有年龄小、静脉细、血容量低的难点。我们尝试用ＣＳ３０００ｐｌｕｓ血细胞分离机对１０例血液病患儿进行治疗,报告如下。对象：１９９７年８月～１９９８年５月,本院１０例患儿,男８例、女２例;平均年龄７－４岁（３～１２岁）;体重１３～２８ｋｇ,平均１８ｋｇ。疾病类型和治疗方式：（１）去除白血病细胞：共６例,其中５例为急性白血病初发患儿（Ｍ２１例、Ｍ１１例、ＡＬＬ３例）;另１例为慢性粒细胞性白血病。采集前,６例患儿白细胞总数在（１３０～２４０）×１０９／Ｌ。（２）采集外…     

Amplatzer封堵器治疗动脉导管未闭临床评价

目的采用Amplatzer堵闭器(ADO)治疗动脉导管未闭(PDA),评价其疗效及并发症。方法31例患儿,男12例,女19例,年龄1~19岁,平均7.5岁,体质量4.6~50.0 kg,平均20.5 kg。超声心动图(UCG)测PDA直径2.0~10.6 mm,平均5.8 mm。采用直径4~12 mm、平均7.6 mm,较PDA直径大0.8~5.5 mm、平均2.9 mm的ADO进行封堵。术后48 h1、、3、6个月、1年行UCG复查。结果1例PDA造影直径0.67 mm,因无合适ADO而放弃。失败2例,成功植入ADO 28例(93.3%)。术后造影即刻完全封堵22例(78.6%),4例(14.3%)有微量分流,2例(7.1%)有少量分流。48 h UCG复查均无残余分流。随访1年全组未出现心脏感染、溶血、封堵器脱落,ADO突入降主动脉(DAO)引起DAO轻度狭窄3例,ADO突入左肺动脉(LPA)引起LPA轻度狭窄1例。结论应用ADO治疗PDA安全可靠,但要注意封堵器对DAO和LPA的影响,以避免造成大血管狭窄。     

经导管Amplatzer封堵器治疗小儿动脉导管未闭的随访结果

目的总结经导管Amplatzer封堵器(Amplatzerductoccluder,ADO)治疗小儿动脉导管未闭(patentductusarteriosus,PDA)的远期随访结果,进一步评价应用ADO治疗小儿PDA远期疗效和安全性。方法对1998年4月至2003年12月间接受ADO封堵术的PDA患儿进行回顾性队列研究。结果共有250例PDA患儿接受ADO封堵术,平均年龄5.3(3个月～16岁)岁,平均体重15.1(3.5～35.0)kg。PDA最窄处直径在1.8～11.0mm之间,平均(4.2±1.5)mm,其中52例(20.0%)直径超过5mm。PDA均应用4～14mm大小的ADO进行封堵,输送长鞘为6F(205例)或7F(45例)。250例中,ADO成功植入245例(98.0%)。Qp/Qs从1.90±0.60降至1.03±0.21(P<0.05)。不同形状的PDA均可应用ADO进行封堵。近期并发症5例,其中溶血3例,股动脉血栓2例,无死亡病例。共有205例在堵闭术后完成1天～60个月的随访,随访率为82.0%。残余分流率在不同随访时间点分别为9.2%(1天)、2.8%(1个月)、1.2%(6个月)、0.8%(12个月)、0(24个月)、0(36个月)、0(48个月)、0(60个月)。5例(2.0%)随访中因残余分流出现溶血或无溶血需要再次接受治疗,随访1年和5年无事件发生率为98.0%。结论应用ADO治疗小儿PDA远期疗效确切,安全性好。     

Long-Term Results of Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Infants Using Amplatzer Duct Occluder

Objective

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is one of the most frequently seen congenital heart diseases. Its closure is recommended because of the risk of infective endocardis, as well as morbidity and mortality in the long. The aim of this study was to assess the long term results of the transcatheter closure of PDA in infants using amplatzer duct occlude (ADO).

Methods

From May 2004 to September 2011, forty eight infants underwent transcatheter closure of PDA. A lateral or right anterior oblique view aortogram was done to locate PDA and to measure its size. Before discharge, repeat aortogram was performed to evaluate eventual residual shunt and to confirm the appropriate deployment of the ADO. Follow up evaluations were done with transthoracic echocardiography at discharge, 1 month, 6 months, 12 months and yearly thereafter.

Findings

The mean age of patients at procedure was 9.18±2.32 (range 3 to 12) months, mean weight 6.73±1.16 (range 4.5 to 10.1) kg. The PDA occluded completely in 20 out of the 48 patients. Twenty four patients had trivial or mild shunt and two patients had moderate residual shunt which disappeared in one patient within 24 hours and other patient with moderate shunt in 1 month. One patient (age 8 months) had mild LPA stenosis. The device emobolization occurred in two patients, immediately after the procedure in one and during night in the other patient

Conclusion

The long term results suggested that transcatheter closure of PDA using Amplatzer duct occluder is a safe and effective treatment in infants less than 1 year of age with minimal complications.     

Transcatheter closure of secundum atrial septal defects, a ventricular septal defect, and a patent arterial duct

We report our clinical experience with the newly developed Amplatzer device in transcatheter closure of nine atrial septal defects (ASDs), one ventricular septal defect (VSD), and one patent arterial duct (PDA). Eleven patients with ASD (age range 2.5-18 years) selected according to the location and size of the defect by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), a five-year-old patient with muscular VSD and a one-year-old patient with PDA were considered for transcatheter closure with Amplatzer devices. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia with fluoroscopic and TEE guidance, following a routine hemodynamic evaluation in the catheter laboratory. The optimal device size was selected after the balloon sizing of the ASDs. The sizes of the VSD and PDA were measured on TEE and angiography. The patients were discharged at 24 hours, after an evaluation with x-ray, electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiography; they were on 3-5 mg/kg/day aspirin and infective endocarditis prophylaxis for six months after the procedure. They were reassessed at six to eight weeks and Holter monitoring was done in addition. Devices were used for nine ASD patients, and for the VSD and the PDA patients. Mean ASD size was 14.3 +/- 5.3 mm at TEE and 18.3 +/- 4.3 mm at balloon sizing (p=0.02). The mean size of the device was 18.7 +/- 4.2 mm. The procedure time and the fluoroscopy time were 46.1 +/- 12.3 and 12.9 +/- 1.6 minutes, respectively. Immediately after the procedure, four patients (44%) had trivial shunts (TS). TS remained in only two during discharge, and no shunt was observed at second evaluation. The devices were similarly applied to VSD (12-7 mm) and PDA (8-6 mm) patients. Both cases had TS immediately, which disappeared at 24 hours. None of the patients had major complications. Junctional rhythm developed in one patient, and another patient had frequent supraventricular extrasystoles. Amplatzer is an effective and safe device for transcatheter closure of ASD, VSD, or PDA, especially in pediatric patients.     

Percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus: complementary use of detachable Cook patent ductus arteriosus coils and Amplatzer duct occluders

 Several different devices were evaluated for the percutaneous closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and important drawbacks were found in all of them. To overcome these drawbacks, both detachable Cook PDA coils and Amplatzer duct occluders (ADO) were used for the percutaneous closure of PDA. A total of 54 patients underwent transcatheter occlusion of PDA at a median age of 4.5 years (range 0.5–29 years) and at a median weight of 19.5 kg (range 6–69 kg). Three patients were adults. Detachable Cook PDA coils were used in 26 patients with a median PDA diameter of 1.7 mm (range 1.1–2.2 mm) and ADO were used in 28 patients with a median PDA diameter of 3.8 mm (range 1.9–7.5 mm). Devices were successfully implanted in all 54 patients. Complete closure was achieved in 53 of 54 patients (98% closure rate). Median fluoroscopy time was 12 min (range 4–47 min). Conclusion According to our experience, the complementary use of detachable Cook patent ductus arteriosus coils and Amplatzer duct occluders for the percutaneous closure of PDA can be recommended. Received: 12 November 1998 and in revised form: 2 June 1999 / Accepted: 13 July 1999     

Percutaneous Closure of a Moderate to Large Tubular or Elongated Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Children Younger Than 3 Years: Is the ADO II Appropriate?

Protrusion of the Amplatzer duct occluder (ADO) II device into the aortic isthmus or the pulmonary artery causing obstruction and residual flow has been reported, but the same has not been widely studied in small children with a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) anatomy not considered suitable for closure with the ADO I device. This study aimed to report the safety and efficacy of the ADO II device in children younger than 3 years with a tubular or elongated PDA and to analyze the possible reasons for residual flow in children with such a PDA. In this study, 17 children younger than 3 years (mean age, 10.3 ± 7 months; mean weight, 6 ± 3.6 kg) underwent attempted closure of a tubular or elongated PDA (mean diameter at the narrowest point, 4.1 ± 1.1 mm) with the ADO II device between July 2010 and July 2012. Of the 17 patients, 16 (2 boys and 14 girls) completed the follow-up evaluation. A complete echocardiographic evaluation was performed on all the patients before PDA closure and at the follow-up visit, and the results were compared with those of previous published studies. Of the 16 patients, the 15 who completed the follow-up evaluation had successful device closure (1 device embolization). Residual flow was present in six patients immediately after deployment, which was reduced to three patients at the last follow-up visit. Five of nine patients closed with a 6-mm-long device had residual flow compared with only one of seven patients closed with a 4-mm-long device. After device closure, significant elevations of the left and right pulmonary artery velocities occurred in three and two patients, respectively; in 12 patients, descending thoracic aortic (DTA) velocities increased mildly. There was trend toward a fall in the elevated pressures at the last follow-up visit, although one patient had an elevation in right pulmonary artery velocity at last the follow-up echocardiogram compared with the echocardiogram immediately after closure. Hence, in children younger than 3 years with or without pulmonary arterial hypertension, closure of a PDA not amenable to closure with the ADO I device is feasible using the ADO II device, with an increased incidence of clinically nonsignificant complications. Selection of device dimensions according to the manufacturer’s recommendation may not be the optimal strategy.     

Transcatheter Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Among Native High-Altitude Habitants

Increased prevalence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) at high altitude (HA) is a known occurrence. Transcatheter treatment of patients with PDA living at a HA is assessed in this study. Thirteen consecutive patients (all habitants of La Paz, Bolivia) underwent transcatheter closure of PDA. The minimal diameter of PDA was 5.8 (1.5–11) mm and the mean pulmonary artery pressure was 37 (7–80) mm Hg. In 12 patients, the Amplatzer Duct Occluder (ADO) was used; in one child with PDA with a 1.5-mm diameter, a detachable coil was implanted. All procedures, except for one, were completed successfully. The ADO (diameter: 12/10 mm) implantation failed in one child with pulmonary hypertension because the device could not be properly secured in position in a 6-mm PDA. Subsequent surgery was performed without any complications. No residual shunt after 24 h was observed in any case after treatment. No complications were encountered during the procedure and follow-up of 1.5 (from 0.1 to 2.8) years. PDA in native residents of high land have different physiopathologies and anatomies. ADO appears to be a suitable device for transcatheter occlusion for most such patients. Interventional cardiology in countries with residents at high altitudes can be helpful in addressing this issue.     

Non-surgical closure of large ductus arteriosus using Amplatzer Duct Occluder feasibility and early follow-up results

The aim of the study was the assess feasibility of closing large patent arterial ducts (PDA) in infants and children using the new Amplatzer Duct Occluder. All patients diagnosed to be having PDA were considered as potential candidates to undergo the device closure. 19 patients were diagnosed to be having PDA larger than 4 mm. There were 10 males and 9 females, their age ranged from 6 months to 120 months with a mean of 45 months. Mean body weight was 14.5 kg with a range from 7 kg to 23 kg. The procedure was carried out under Ketamine sedation and local anesthesia. The device was implanted by the transvenous route in all. Mean PDA diameter was 5 mm (range 4 mm-6.7 mm). Complete closure was achieved in 16J18 (88%) within 24 hours of the procedure. All patient have been followed for 3 months, and have documented complete closure, there is no evidence of aortic or left pulmonary stenosis in any of our patients. The unsuccessful attempt was in a malnourished patient (weighing 4.7 kg) with an arterial duct measuring 6.7 mm on angiography. This duct was considered too big for device closure and the procedure was abandoned. This patient subsequently has undergone successful surgical ligation. Catheter closure of large PDA in small children is feasible, safe and efficacious. However, it may still not be possible to close large PDA in very small or underweight children, for the fear of causing obstruction to the descending aorta. Further long-term is follow-up required to show sustained benefits without any side effects.     

儿童继发孔型房间隔缺损的介入治疗

目的　探讨儿童继发孔型房间隔缺损 (atrialseptaldefect ,ASD)封堵术的指征、方法学和并发症的预防。方法　 1998年 10月～ 2 0 0 3年 1月 ,119例继发孔型ASD患儿 ,根据家属意愿接受了经导管应用Amplatzer房间隔封堵器的介入治疗。年龄 0 8～ 17 0岁 ,平均 ( 7 5± 2 8)岁 ,体重6 7～ 88.0kg ,平均 ( 2 3 7± 7 8)kg。所有病例术前检查被证实均为继发孔型ASD。按ASD球囊伸展直径或大于 1～ 2mm选择封堵器进行堵塞。其中 3例为多发ASD。 6例合并动脉导管未闭 ( patentductusarteriosus,PDA)或肺动脉瓣狭窄 ( pulmonarystenosis ,PS)者应用其他封堵装置和球囊扩张治疗合并的畸形。术后定期行心脏超声及临床检查随访。结果　 119例患儿术前经食道超声(transesophagealechocardiography ,TEE)或经胸超声 (trans thoracicechocardiography ,TTE)检测ASD平均直径 ( 12 9± 5 6 )mm ( 6 5～ 34 5mm ) ,肺动脉平均压力为 ( 2 9 0± 5 0 )mmHg( 2 5 0～ 6 2 0mmHg) ,球囊伸展直径为 ( 15 7± 4 8)mm( 8 0～ 38 0mm)。所选封堵器直径平均为 ( 15 0± 5 0 )mm( 8 0～ 38 0mm)。 112例封堵成功。 3例多发ASD也选用单一封堵器。 6例合并PDA或PS者同时完成介入治疗。 112例堵塞后即刻封堵率为 93 8% ( 1