扩大翼点入路及扩大硬脑膜缝合治疗额颞部重型颅脑损伤

目的 探索额颞部重型颅脑损伤的手术治疗的方法。方法 通过对我院98例额颞部重型颅脑损伤患者手术方法的回顾性总结。结果 98例采用改良翼点入路大骨瓣减压并用扩大硬膜缝合治疗的额颞部重型颅脑损伤患者，其中康复45例，中度残废10例，重度残废4例，植物生存3例，死亡31例。结论 额颞部改良翼点入路大骨瓣减压及扩大硬脑膜缝合治疗额颞部重型脑损伤，可以达到减压充分，手术效果好，并发症少。     

标准外伤大骨瓣开颅治疗重型额颞部颅脑损伤

目的:探讨标准外伤大骨瓣开颅在重型额颞部颅脑损伤中的应用价值。方法:采用美国标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术治疗重型额颞部颅脑损伤48例，术后均入神经外科重症监护病房，注意保持气道通畅，并给予脱水、促醒等对症支持治疗。结果:存活32例(66．7％)，其中良好21例，中残6例，重残3例，植物生存2例，死亡16例。结论:标准外伤大骨瓣开颅术是治疗重型额颞部颅脑损伤的良好术式。     

自体颅骨酒精贮存二期回植

重型颅脑外伤颅内血肿清除的同时常需行去骨瓣减压术。 1997～ 1998年我们将 30例患者的颅骨瓣置于酒精盒内常温下贮存 ,于 2～ 10个月后回植原位 ,效果良好。1　临床资料　①一般资料 :30例重型颅脑外伤行血肿清除去骨瓣减压术。其中男性 2 4例 ,女性 6例 ,年龄 5～ 5 6岁 ,平均 34 9岁。颅骨缺损部位 :颞顶 16例 ,额颞 8例 ,额部 5例 ,顶部 1例。骨瓣面积 30～ 12 8ｃｍ2 ,平均 5 6 1ｃｍ2 。②骨瓣贮存方法 :骨瓣取下后剔除软组织 ,洗净 ,置入经高压消毒的小铝盒内 ,75 %酒精将骨瓣浸没 ,加盖密封 ,常温下贮存 2～ 10个月。将二期用于颅…     

标准外伤大骨瓣与常规骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效对比分析

目的比较标准外伤大骨瓣与常规骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤病人的效果。方法将我科2000年1 月-2006年1月手术的89例额颞顶重型颅脑损伤[Glasgow昏迷评分(GCS)3-8分]病人,分成两组,2000年1月- 2004年7月根据出血部位采用常规额颞或颞顶骨瓣开颅手术35例为常规骨瓣组,2004年8月-2006年1月采用标准外伤大骨瓣开颅手术54例为标准外伤大骨瓣组。所有病人均经CT证实颅内损伤情况。根据Glasgow预后评分(GOS) 评价病人预后。结果术后平均随访6个月,常规骨瓣组恢复良好13例,中残4例,重残2例,植物状态2例,死亡14 例。标准外伤大骨瓣组恢复良好22例,中残14例,重残4例,植物状态3例,死亡11例。排除了术前GCS评分、性别构成及发病至手术时间的影响,标准外伤大骨瓣治疗重型损伤疗效好于常规骨瓣开颅术,病死率明显降低(P<0．05)。结论标准外伤大骨瓣治疗重型颅脑损伤较常规骨瓣开颅术能明显降低重度颅脑损伤的病死率。     

标准外伤大骨瓣与硬脑膜成形术治疗重型颅脑损伤

目的探讨标准外伤大骨瓣与硬脑膜成形术治疗重型颅脑损伤的疗效。方法采用标准外伤大骨瓣与颞肌筋膜扩大硬膜成形术治疗107例重型颅脑损伤患者。结果本组病人存活79例,良好35例,中残22例,重残12例,植物状态10例,死亡28例,病死率为26%。结论标准外伤大骨瓣与硬脑膜成形术是治疗重型颅脑损伤较好的方法,可减少病死率与术后并发症,提高患者生存质量。     

标准大骨瓣减压术治疗重型颅脑创伤临床分析

目的探讨标准大骨瓣与常规颞顶瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑创伤的效果。方法选取2016-01—2016-12间收治的60例重型颅脑损伤患者,随机分为2组,各30例。对照组采用常规颞顶瓣或联合开颅手术,观察组采用标准大骨瓣开颅手术。比较2组的临床效果。结果观察组患者预后良好率高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论标准大骨瓣减压术可提高颅脑损伤患者的治疗效果。     

骨膜为蒂的颞深筋膜瓣在标准外伤性大骨瓣开颅硬脑膜减张缝合中的应用研究

目的探讨骨膜为蒂的颞深筋膜瓣在标准外伤性大骨瓣开颅硬脑膜减张缝合中应用。方法分析研究重型颅脑损伤标准外伤性大骨瓣入路开颅的患者74例,分为人工脑膜组36例和骨膜为蒂的颞深筋膜组38例,2组均行开颅血肿清除术+去骨瓣减压术并减张缝合硬膜,观察术后的硬膜间积液等并发症和经济负担。结果骨膜为蒂的颞深筋膜组术后无并发症,经济负担轻,与对照组比较有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论骨膜为蒂的颞深筋膜瓣在标准外伤性大骨瓣开颅硬脑膜减张缝合的手术操作方法可以安全应用,是对标准外伤性大骨瓣开颅术的重要补充。     

去大骨瓣开颅术的临床应用

目的探讨去大骨瓣开颅术治疗重型颅脑损伤的效果。方法对37例重型颅脑损伤合并脑疝患者采用去大骨瓣开颅术进行治疗,按格拉斯哥预后评分法观察手术疗效。结果恢复良好18例,中残4例,重残6例,植物样生存3例,死亡6例。结论去大骨瓣开颅术是治疗重型颅脑损伤的有效方法。     

用自家颅骨骨瓣移植修复颅骨缺损13例报告

我院自1982年以来应用自家颅骨骨瓣移植修补外伤性颅骨缺损13例,17个部位。收到了满意临床效果,特报告如下。临床资料本组颅脑损伤特重型4例,重型9例。原因以交通肇事最多(占6/13),颅脑损伤以硬膜下血肿合并脑挫裂伤最多(占8/13)。该组患者均行钻孔探查、血肿清除、去骨瓣减压及内外减压术。其中单侧额颞骨瓣(大骨瓣)减压9例;单侧额颞骨瓣合并脑内(切除额颞叶极部)减压5例,双额颞骨瓣(大骨瓣)减压4例,双侧额颞骨瓣加脑内减压4例。     

神经外科——颅脑外伤

重型颅脑损伤持续颅内压的监护及其临床意义；盐酸纳洛酮治疗颅脑外伤后持续性植物状态；单核吞噬细胞在创伤性非断离性轴索损伤继发断离的作用；小儿外伤性急性弥漫性脑肿胀的临床特点；镁离子在治疗缺血性颅脑损伤中的研究进展(综述)；S-100B蛋白与NSE评估重型脑外伤预后的临床研究；颅脑外伤后急性脑肿胀的治疗；慢性硬膜下血肿钻颅引流术和微创闭式引流术治疗的回顾性分析；额颞顶大骨窗开颅术治疗192例重型颅脑损伤；鞘内给氧与高压氧对颅脑损伤患者神经功能恢复的对比研究。     

硬膜-颈肌悬吊法预防枕下正中开颅减压术后皮下积液

目的研究硬膜-颈肌悬吊法在预防枕下正中开颅减压术后皮下积液的应用价值。方法研究组20例急重型小脑出血患者常规行枕下正中入路开颅减压术,清除血肿并去除骨瓣减压,将修补扩充的硬膜四点缝合悬吊于颈部肌群。对照组20例行常规分层缝合。结果研究组20例患者无1例出现症状性枕部皮下积液,对照组出现6例明显枕部皮下积液,经皮下穿刺抽液及腰穿治疗后治愈。结论硬膜-颈肌悬吊法能有效预防枕下正中开颅减压术后皮下积液的发生。     

急性重度颅脑外伤伴天幕裂孔疝的手术治疗

目的比较标准外伤大骨瓣开颅血肿清除去大骨瓣减压并天幕裂孔疝复位术与常规大骨瓣开颅血肿清除去大骨瓣减压术对急性重度颅脑损伤伴天幕裂孔疝的治疗效果。方法 40例急性重度颅脑伤伴天幕裂孔疝患者(GCS≤8分)随机分为两组,每组20例。研究组采用标准外伤大骨瓣开颅血肿清除去大骨瓣减压并脑疝腹位术,对照组采用常规大骨瓣开颅血肿清除大骨瓣减压术。术后1 d、3 d、7 d对两组GCS评分、颅内压、脑水肿范围和中线结构移位等指标进行比较。结果术后3 d、7 d研究组较对照组的GCS评分、颅内压、脑水肿范围和中线结构移位等指标有显著改善(P0.01)。术后1年随访,研究组和对照组生存率分别为85%和60%,重残及死亡率分别为25%和50%,组间比较有显著差异(P0.05或P0.01)。结论标准外伤大骨瓣开颅血肿清除去大骨瓣减压并天幕裂孔疝复位术能提高患者生存率,减少死残率,是手术治疗重度颅脑外伤伴天幕裂孔疝的有效方法。     

Calcified chronic subdural hematoma. A case report in an old patient

Calcified chronic subdural hematoma is a well-known disease to many neurosurgeons as it is diagnosed with only a plain skull X-ray film. Although several reports on this condition are seen, many of them are dealing with those in children or young people, and those in the aged are only few. One case of calcified chronic subdural hematoma in an old man is described. An 86-year-old man with a sudden attack of left hemiparesis was admitted to the Kanto Rosai Hospital. Two years before, he had had a history of head injury on his right temporal area, which caused no neurological deficit before this attack. Neurological examination on admission revealed mild confusional state and severe left hemiparesis. A plain skull film of A-P projection showed a linear calcification in the right temporal area. CT scan revealed a right temporal chronic subdural hematoma with some calcification in the internal membrane, which caused moderate midline shift. Right temporal small craniotomy was performed. The hematoma contained no fluid as usual but paste-like substance, and was partially removed. Postoperatively, he showed an improvement in unstability, but the left hemiparesis remained. On the 23rd postoperative day, he expired of severe pneumonia. Autopsy showed 14.0 X 8.0 X 1.2cm sized subdural hematoma in the right temporal area. Microscopically, the internal layer of the dura markedly thickened, and the appearance of "pachymeningitis hemorrhagica interna" was clearly seen. The thicked internal layer was devided into two layers, and the hematoma was existed just between the two layers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

External decompressive craniectomy including resection of temporal muscle and fascia in malignant hemispheric infarction

Decompressive craniectomy procedures are used for malignant hemispheric infarctions. However, the temporal muscle and fascia are significant limiting factors for external herniation of an edematous brain. Therefore, the authors performed a decompressive craniectomy and expansive duraplasty combined with resection of the temporal muscle and fascia for 15 patients with a malignant hemispheric infarction. The volume of the maximum external herniation that was measured on the basis of a CT volumetry study ranged from 130 to 300 ml (mean +/- standard deviation, 200 +/- 64 ml) on postoperative Day 3.2 +/- 1.5 (range 2-5 days postoperatively). The mean value represented a 2-fold volume expansion in comparison with the conventional decompressive craniectomy, and the greater the external herniation obtained by external decompression, the smaller the midline brain shift after surgery. The mortality rate, favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale Scores 1-3), and unfavorable outcomes were 20, 60, and 20%, respectively, and the masticatory function was only minimally affected. Furthermore, a cranioplasty involving reconstruction of the temporal muscle defect performed using a MEDPOR implant resulted in good cosmetic outcomes with no temporal hollow. Resection of the temporal muscle in a decompressive craniectomy was shown to provide greater decompression and better clinical outcomes for malignant hemispheric infarctions at an acceptable cost of minimal masticatory dysfunction and cosmetic disfigurement.     

Large bone-flap decompressive craniotomy for treatment of serious craniocerebral injury associated with cerebral infarction

Objective:To elucidate the therapeutic effect of subtemporal decompressive craniotomy with large flap resection on serious craniocerebral injury associated with cerebral infarction.Methods:Forty-eight ...     

外伤性脑梗塞的临床治疗体会(附51例报告)

【摘要】〓目的〓探讨外伤性脑梗塞临床特点及预防、治疗方法。方法〓回顾分析51例外伤性脑梗塞患者的诊断、治疗方法及结果。结果〓34例患者行开颅血肿清除、挫裂伤病灶清除,其中22例患者行去骨瓣减压术,12例患者行内减压术。7例患者进行再次开颅清除血肿清除、减压术,死亡7例。全部诊断外伤性脑梗塞的患者均予扩容、改善循环、解痉、高压氧、激素及降低颅内压等治疗;明显蛛网膜下腔出血的患者予多次腰穿或腰大池持续引流等处理。随访2年,按GOS分级判断预后,良好22例,中残9例,重残7例,植物生存6例。结论〓颅脑外伤治疗过程中应注意外伤性脑梗塞发生和发展,早期诊断及治疗可能有利于降低脑梗患者的致残率。     

Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as epidural hematoma: case report

OBJECTIVE: Sacrifice of a bridging vein in the cranial base occasionally may cause significant postoperative morbidity. We report a simple method for preserving large bridging veins of the cranial base by reflecting the dura when a subtemporal or transsylvian approach is used. METHODS: In the subtemporal approach, when a larger bridging vein enters the dura attached to the bone of the temporal base before it empties into the dural sinus, the dura is dissected widely from the bone and is cut vertically toward the medial side of the temporal base in front of the entrance of the vein into the dura. The dura, which includes part of the entrance and interdural course of the vein, is reflected and retracted over the brain. In the transsylvian approach, when the bridging segment of the superficial sylvian vein becomes taut because of retraction of the temporal lobe, the dura is incised along the sphenoid ridge and is dissected and freed from the sphenoid bone. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This dura-reflecting technique facilitates brain retraction without exerting tension on the bridging vein of the cranial base and is expected to help avoid injury to bridging veins during neurosurgical procedures.     

Application of inferior major bone flap craniotomy decompression in brain injury

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