石花多糖对辐射损伤小鼠防护作用的研究

目的研究地衣类石花多糖对辐射损伤小鼠造血功能及DNA损伤的防护作用。方法用内源性脾结节形成(CFU-S),骨髓有核细胞计数(BMNC),脾脏指数观察石花多糖50,80 mg/kg腹腔注射对137Csγ射线照射小鼠造血功能的影响;单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)技术检测小鼠淋巴细胞照射后的DNA双链断裂,观察给药后小鼠DNA损伤修复情况。结果照射前连续给药3 d,照后第7天受照小鼠的BMNC、CFU-S和脾指数与对照组相比有明显的增高;SCGE中各项指标显示,给药组的DNA损伤的修复明显增加,呈明显的量-效关系。结论石花多糖对辐射损伤小鼠具有良好的辐射防护作用。     

鹿衔草降血脂作用有效部位的研究

目的观察鹿衔草提取液LSA-5B大孔树脂用体积分数20%乙醇洗脱的水溶性部分和体积分数50%乙醇洗脱的鹿衔草总黄酮对小鼠的降血脂作用。方法以20 mL.kg-1的体积分数为75%蛋黄乳剂进行腹腔注射,建立高脂血症小鼠模型,分为正常组、对照组、菲诺贝特(阳性药)对照组,体积分数20%乙醇洗脱的水溶性部分和鹿衔草总黄酮按剂量等级,灌胃给药,测定胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)及高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)的浓度。结果在体积分数20%乙醇洗脱的水溶性部分,其高、低剂量组对高脂血症小鼠三酰甘油有显著的降低作用。结论鹿衔草提取液LSA-5B大孔树脂体积分数为20%乙醇洗脱的水溶性部分具有降血脂作用。     

鹿衔草的化学成分研究

目的研究鹿衔草的化学成分。方法采用硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱数据分析进行结构鉴定。结果从鹿衔草的乙酸乙酯浸膏中分离了5个化合物,分别为:熊果酸(1)、鹿蹄草素(2)、松柏醛(3)、邻甲基苯醌(4)、β-谷甾醇(5)。结论化合物3和4为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

山楂与苞叶雪莲水提物对小鼠防辐射作用的研究

目的研究山楂和苞叶雪莲水提物对小鼠的防辐射作用。方法选择40只小鼠作为研究对象,随机分配到空白组、造模组、山楂组、苞叶雪莲进行实验,造模组、山楂组、苞叶雪莲分别给以相同剂量的0.9%生理盐水、山楂水提物和苞叶雪莲水提物,灌胃14 d后接受4Gy的X线一次性全身照射,24 h后处死小鼠,测量小鼠骨髓细胞微核率。结果山楂组和苞叶雪莲组微核率均低于造模组,差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论山楂及苞叶雪莲水提物中的活性成分对小鼠有一定程度的防辐射损伤作用。     

E838对小鼠骨髓细胞染色体的辐射防护作用

目的探讨E838对γ射线照射小鼠骨髓细胞染色体损伤的防护作用。方法将615小鼠,随机分为对照组、辐射对照组、E838组、炔雌三醇(EE3)组。E838组和EE3组分别腹腔注射E838和EE3,另两组给予等体积茶油,第3次给药24 h后进行剂量为1.5 Gy的137Csγ射线全身照射,观察其骨髓细胞染色体畸变率。结果 E838组、EE3组骨髓细胞染色体畸变与辐射对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),E838组畸变细胞与EE3组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 E838可降低辐射诱发的骨髓细胞染色畸变细胞数,对骨髓细胞染色体具有一定的辐射防护作用。     

复方鹿衔草颗粒制备工艺的研究

目的确定复方鹿衔草颗粒剂制备工艺的条件。方法以正交法优选复方鹿衔草颗粒剂的最佳提取和制剂工艺条件。结果将本处方加水煎煮二次,每次1h,合并煎液,静置,滤过,减压浓缩至一定的相对密度的浸膏,加入适量的糊精及甜菊素,用3%聚维酮K30的90%乙醇溶液制成颗粒,干燥,即得。结论该制备方法简单可行,所得制剂质量稳定,可作为复方鹿衔草颗粒剂的制备工艺。     

鹿衔草总黄酮的含量测定

目的测定鹿衔草中总黄酮的含量。方法采用LSA-5B树脂分离鹿衔草总黄酮,利用分光光度法,以AlCl3和NaOAc为显色剂,419 nm为检测波长,测定鹿衔草总黄酮的含量。结果鹿衔草总黄酮在4.6～27.6 mg.L-1范围内具有良好的线性关系(R2=0.998 1),平均回收率为99.08%(n=5),鹿衔草粗提物总黄酮含量为4.21%,经LSA-5B树脂分离后鹿衔草总黄酮含量为20.68%。结论建立的方法简便、准确,重现性好,可用于鹿衔草中总黄酮含量的测定。     

辐射防护与辐射治疗剂临床应用及进展

目的：探讨辐射防护与辐射治疗剂的临床应用及进展。方法：通过查阅最新的研究文献，对辐射防护与辐射治疗剂的临床应用及进展进行归纳、综述。结果：辐射防护与辐射治疗剂有：氨磷汀、蛋白酶抑制剂、激素类抗放射药、天然药物、细胞因子和间充质干细胞等；其中，细胞因子和间充质干细胞作为辐射防护与辐射治疗剂的研究在国内外备受关注。结论：辐射防护与辐射治疗剂的临床应用有了新的进展，为核事故临床救治提供了新的治疗依据。     

Effects of the aqueous extract of epimedii herba on the antibody responses in mice

Antibodies and cytokines in serum were detected in male ICR mice treated with the aqueous extract of Epimedii Herba (AEEH) at doses of 40, 120 and 360 mg/kg orally for 2 weeks. Effects of AEEH on antibody forming responses were assessed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in serum collected 7 days after priming with ovalbumin (OVA) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or immediately without priming at week 2. The relative spleen weight was significantly increased by AEEH, compared with controls, especially at a dose of 120 mg/kg of it after priming with OVA and 40 mg/kg without priming, respectively. However, body weight gain was slightly decreased in AEEH-fed mice. The enhancement of total serum IgG and IgG1 levels in unprimed mice was statistically significant in mice fed 40 mg/kg AEEH. Total serum IgG2a levels and Il-4 secretion were also statistically augmented by all groups of AEEH treatment. A tendency to marked increase of total serum IgM level and IFN-gamma secretion was also observed in mice fed 40 and 120 mg/kg AEEH but not those fed 360 mg/kg AEEH. When mice were immunized with OVA, furthermore, a marked stimulation of antibody formation and cytokines secretion was observed in all groups of AEEH-fed mice compared with controls. These findings indicate that AEEH at therapeutic concentrations enhances the production of antibodies and cytokines in mice, and the enhancing effects are more marked when the mice were immunized with OVA. Thus, these results suggest that AEEH is effective on Th cell functions, and protective effects on host against immune diseases.     

河蚬提取物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨河蚬提取物对酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制.方法选用普通级雄性小鼠40只,按体重随机分为4组,分别为正常对照组,乙醇组,河蚬提取物低剂量组及高剂量组,每组10只.各组小鼠均以每次0.1mL/10g体重灌胃,正常对照组和乙醇组上午灌胃蒸馏水,河蚬提取物低剂量组和高剂量组分别灌胃河蚬提取物1g·(kg·d)-1和2g·(kg·d)-1.下午除正常对照组蒸馏水灌胃外,其他各组以乙醇灌胃,浓度为450mL·L-1,连续8周.末次灌胃后禁食12h,颈椎脱臼处死小鼠后迅速取出肝脏,用冷匀浆介质制成10%肝匀浆.检测肝组织中三酰甘油,丙二醛,硒含量及超氧化物歧化酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性.结果实验共纳入小鼠40只,全部进入结果分析.乙醇组三酰甘油,丙二醛含量明显高于正常对照组(P<0.05),河蚬提取物低剂量组和高剂量组三酰甘油,丙二醛含量明显低于乙醇组(P<0.05),与正常对照组比较差异不明显(P>0.05).河蚬提取物低剂量组和高剂量组的超氧化物歧化酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性及硒含量均明显高于乙醇组(P<0.05).结论河蚬提取物可能通过抑制脂质过氧化反应对酒精性肝损伤有保护作用.     

旱莲草水提物对戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响

目的研究旱莲草水提物对小鼠戊巴比妥钠催眠作用的影响.方法 100只小鼠随机分为5组,分别为旱莲草水提物低、中、高剂量组(10g.kg-1、15g.kg-1、20g.kg-1)、苯巴比妥钠(40mg.kg-1)组、生理盐水组.灌胃给药,1天1次,连续灌胃7d.第8天腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠75mg.kg-1,观察催眠潜伏期及催眠时间.结果苯巴比妥钠组,旱莲草水提物低、中、高剂量组(10g.kg-1、15g.kg-1、20g.kg-1)较生理盐水组的睡眠时间分别缩短88.9%(P<0.01)、24.8%(P<0.05)、52.7%(P<0.01)和70.5%(P<0.01).各组小鼠催眠潜伏期无显著性差异.结论旱莲草水提物能显著缩短戊巴比妥钠对小鼠的催眠时间,提示旱莲草水提物能诱导小鼠肝微粒体细胞色素P450活性.     

山楂提取物对亚急性酒精性肝损伤辅助保护作用的研究

目的 研究山楂提取物对亚急性酒精性肝损伤的辅助保护作用.方法 实验动物选用50只 18～22g清洁级ICR近文系雄性小鼠,按体重随机分成5个组,分别为0.10g·kg-1 bw、0.20g·kg-1 bw、0.60g·kg-1bw 3个剂量组、溶剂对照组和乙醇模型对照组.各剂量组经口灌胃给予受试物,溶剂对照组和乙醇模型...     

山楂提取物对亚急性酒精性肝损伤辅助保护作用的研究

目的研究山楂提取物对亚急性酒精性肝损伤的辅助保护作用。方法实验动物选用50只18~22g清洁级ICR近交系雄性小鼠,按体重随机分成5个组,分别为0.10g.kg-1BW、0.20g.kg-1BW、0.60 g.kg-1BW 3个剂量组、溶剂对照组和乙醇模型对照组。各剂量组经口灌胃给予受试物,溶剂对照组和乙醇模型组给予蒸馏水。17天后,乙醇模型组和0.10 g.kg-1BW、0.20 g.kg-1BW、0.60 g.kg-1BW 3个剂量组每天在给予样品4小时后给予30%乙醇,按10mL.kg-1体重给予染毒,溶剂对照组给予等量蒸馏水,连续14d。实验结束后,将各组动物称重,摘眼球取血,分离血清,测定TBIL、LDL、CHO,同时处死动物,取肝脏进行组织病理学检查。结果经血清学检查,乙醇模型对照组小鼠的血清CHO、TBIL和LDL含量均高于溶剂对照组,经统计分析差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;样品各剂量组的血清CHO、TBIL和LDL含量均低于乙醇模型对照组,其中0.10 g.kg-1BW、0.20 g.kg-1BW剂量组血清CHO值与模型对照组相比,0.20 g.kg-1BW、0.60 g.kg-1BW剂量组血清TBIL值与乙醇模型对照组相比,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。肝脏组织病理学检查,乙醇模型对照组动物肝损伤程度高于溶剂对照组;经统计,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论山楂提取物对亚急性酒精性肝损伤有辅助保护功能。     

Hyperici herba extract interaction with artificial lipid bilayers

Hyperici herba (Hyp) is the aerial part collected during the flowering period from the well-known herb, Hypericum perforatum. Black lipid membrane experiments were performed to investigate the effect of the ethanolic Hyp extract on the electrical properties (capacitance and conductance) of artificial lipid bilayers. Hyp extract (1-10 microg mL(-1)) induced a concentration-dependent increase of both specific transmembrane capacitance and conductance in phosphatidylcholine (PC) membranes. The effect on conductance was enhanced when the Hyp extract (3 microg mL(-1)) was present on both sides of the membrane (Gm=77.89 +/- 8.81 nS cm(-2), n=5) compared with single-sided application (Gm=36.48 +/- 2.41 nS cm(-2), n=5). In bilayers containing PC and phosphatidylserine (PS), PC:PS, the Hyp extract effect was greater than on pure PC bilayers, although the surface charge was not the determining factor of this enhanced activity. Adding cholesterol to the PC:PS mixture reverted the conductance increase induced by the Hyp extract in a dose-dependent manner. The specific pattern of the Hyp extract interaction with lipid bilayers has possible consequences concerning its absorption and bioavailability, as well as its pharmacodynamic effects on neuronal excitability.     

Radioprotective effects of chlorogenic acid against mortality induced by gamma-irradiation in mice

The radioprotective effects of the naturally occurring compound chlorogenic acid have been investigated against mortality induced by gamma-irradiation in mice. Chlorogenic acid was administrated at single doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg 1 or 24 h prior to lethal dose of gamma-irradiation (8.5 Gy). At 30 days after treatment, the percentage of survival in each group was as follows: control, 20%; 100 mg/kg, 20% and 15%; 200 mg/kg, 45% and 15%; 400 mg/kg, 25% and 35% for 1 h and 24 h treatment prior gamma-irradiation, respectively. Survival rate was statistically increased in animals treated with this agent at 200 mg/kg at 1 h prior to irradiation as compared with the irradiation only group. Other doses of chlorogenic acid have not showed any enhanced survival when it was administrated at 1 or 24 h before irradiation. Chlorogenic acid exhibited concentration-dependent activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical to show strong antioxidant activity. It appeared that chlorogenic acid with antioxidant activity reduced mortality induced by gamma-irradiation.     

蜈蚣提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究蜈蚣水提取物和不同体积分数乙醇提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：采用四氯化碳（CCl₄）制备小鼠急性肝损伤模型,测定血清中谷草转氨酶（AST）,谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,丙二醛（MDA）水平;HE染色观察肝脏病理形态改变;RT-PCR检测小鼠肝脏中的肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）,白介素6（IL-6）mRNA表达水平。结果：与CCl₄模型组比较,蜈蚣水提物和30%乙醇提取物可以降低急性肝损伤小鼠ALT,AST和MDA水平,提高SOD水平;减轻小鼠肝脏病理损伤;降低TNF-α及IL-6的mRNA表达。其中水提物的效果更为显著。结论：蜈蚣水提物和30%乙醇提取物对小鼠急性肝损伤有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与抗脂质过氧化作用以及抑制TNF-α与IL-6的表达有关。     

Sedative and anticonvulsant effects of an alcoholic extract of Capparis decidua

Capparis decidua (frock) Edgew (family Capparidaceae) is a xerophytic shrub, commonly known as karrel or ker, whose bark and shoot are used as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic agents. The plant contains generous quantities of alkaloids. An alcoholic extract of aerial parts of C. decidua, including flowers and fruits, was screened for central nervous system (CNS) activity using conventional behavioral animal models. In the open field test all doses of C. decidua extract tested decreased the number of rearings, grooming, and fecal bolus (P < 0.001) when compared with control. In the barbiturate-induced sleeping test a significant (P < 0.001) a decrease in latency of sleeping and increase in sleeping time were observed at all doses (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg). C. decidua extract increased the percentage of animals exhibiting motor deficit in the rotarod test. In the pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures test the C. decidua extract dose-dependently decreased (P < 0.05) the number of animals with convulsions and increased convulsion latency (P < 0.001); none of the animals treated with extract died in the test. C. decidua extract decreased the duration of tonic hind leg extension in maximal electroshock-induced seizures (P < 0.001) when compared with control. The findings of the present animal study suggested that C. decidua has CNS depressant and anticonvulsant activities.     

竹节参提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:研究竹节参60％乙醇提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用.方法:将40只昆明种小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、竹节参提取物高剂量组、竹节参提取物低剂量组、水飞蓟宾组;采用白酒灌胃的方式建立小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型.测定各组小鼠ALT、AST、TG含量水平,以及肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量,光学显微镜观察小鼠肝脏病理变化,PCR技术检测SOD1和GPX1基因表达水平.结果:与正常组相比较,模型组小鼠肝脏出现明显脂肪变性,血清ALT、AST和TG的水平升高,肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性明显降低,同时MDA含量显著升高,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);与模型组相比,竹节参提取物高、低剂量组和水飞蓟宾组均可降低ALT、AST和TG的含量;升高肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性,同时降低MDA的含量;并且肝组织SOD1和GPX1基因的表达水平明显上调,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:竹节参提取物对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤有明显的保护作用,其机制可能是通过上调SOD1和GPX1的基因表达,从而减轻酒精诱导的氧化应激对肝脏的损伤.