宽QRS波群心动过速的诊断与鉴别诊断

宽ＱＲＳ波群心动过速 (ｗｉｄｅＱＲＳｗａｖｅｔａｃｈｙｃａｒｄｉａ)一般指ＱＲＳ时间≥０．１２ｓ的心动过速 ,是临床常见的心血管急症 ,可由冠心病、心肌病、心肌炎、电解质紊乱及药物 (如奎尼丁、胺碘酮 )中毒等不同原因引起 ,亦见于健康青年人。宽ＱＲＳ波群心动过速激动的起源部位不同 ,可以是室性或室上性心动过速。其预后取决于心动过速的性质 :室性心动过速是一种严重心律失常 ;而室上性心动过速一般预后良好 ,目前广泛开展的射频消融术可使相当一部分患者获得根治［１］。现结合文献介绍宽ＱＲＳ波群心动过速的诊断和鉴别诊断…     

宽QRS波群心动过速的诊断及鉴别诊断

一、宽QRS波群心动过速的机制、类型及心电图特点1.室性心动过速(1)QRS波群宽大畸形,频率多在150～250次/min.(2)存在房室分离或有室性融合波群、窦性夺获,此点特异性高,但敏感性低.(3)胸导联QRS波群均不呈RS型.(4)当QRS波群类似右束支传导阻滞时,V_1呈单相R波或呈M型,其R波前峰>后峰,呈左突耳征(又称兔耳型)、双相波如QR、Rs、RS型,V_6呈QS、QR或RS型,其R/S<1.(5)当QRS波群类似左束支传导阻滞时,V_1有R波>30ms,R-S间期>60ms(从R波起始至S波最深点的时间),V_6呈QS、QB或RS型,R/S<1.(6)额面电轴左偏或极度右偏,尤其是如原有束支传导阻滞,则心动过速时其电轴、QRS波形有明显变化.     

宽QRS波群心动过速的鉴别诊断和处理原则

宽ＱＲＳ波群心动过速 (ｗｉｄｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｔａｃｈｙｃａｒｄｉａ)是指ＱＲＳ时间≥０．１２ｓ、频率＞１００次／ｍｉｎ的心动过速 ,可分为单形、多形和双向性 ,临床以单形最为常见 ,为一临床常见急症。单形性宽ＱＲＳ波群心动过速按起源部位可分为室性心动过速 (起源于Ｈｉｓ束以下 ,占８０ % )和室上性心动过速 (起源于Ｈｉｓ束分叉以上 )伴心室内传导异常 (心室内差异性传导、束支传导阻滞、旁道顺传及高血钾、抗心律失常药物、严重心肌缺血和左心室肥大引起的非特异性ＱＲＳ波群增宽 )两类。此两类鉴别诊断又常以Ｖ１导联宽ＱＲ…     

宽QRS波心动过速的鉴别诊断及治疗研究进展

宽QRS波心动过速是临床常见的心血管急症,可见于室性心动过速和部分室上性心动过速。室性心动过速是一种严重心律 失常,而室上性心动过速一般预后良好。由于二者的治疗原则不同,因此及时和正确地对宽QRS波心动过速进行鉴别诊断在临床 上有十分重要的意义。本文对宽QRS波心动过速的鉴别诊断和治疗原则予以综述。     

宽QRS波心动过速的鉴别与诊断体会

宽QRS心动过速的诊断与鉴别,一直是心律失常诊断与治疗的重点。其诊断是否准确、及时,都将影响临床医师的处治,从而直接影响患者病情的转归。所以,准确及时诊断宽QRS心动过速对每一位心电学者工作者都是基本功,曾有2例在诊断上不准确而影响治疗,现侧重谈谈宽QRS心动过速的诊断与鉴别体会。     

宽QRS波群心动过速的心电图鉴别诊断

宽QRS波群心动过速是临床常见的心血管急症，由于起源部位不同，既有室性心动过速，又有室上性心动过速，给诊断造成一定困难。而心电图诊断宽QRS波群心动过速简单、方便、迅速，现将诊断要点报告如下。     

室上性宽QRS波群心动过速的临床分析

目的对自发室上性宽QRS波群心动过速的临床特征、心电图特点进行分析,并用Brugada4步诊断法与室速进行鉴别诊断,评价其敏感性及特异性。方法选择入院时为心动过速的患者,符合窦性P波消失、心室率>100bpm且QRS波群时限≥0.12s,心脏电生理检查明确诊断后,采用单盲法回顾性分析12导联体表心电图的形态学特征,独立做出诊断后,计算Brugada4步诊断法的特异性和敏感性并评价其实用性,同时分析其临床特征及血液动力学改变。结果入选50例室上性宽QRS波群心动过速患者,46例诊断为室上速伴束支阻滞或心室内差异性传导,特异性92%,敏感性100%;心室率<180bpm组与心室率>180bpm组,两组的平均收缩压、平均舒张压及平均动脉压(平均动脉压=舒张压 1/3脉压)均有差别,心室率较快组血压较低,p值<0.05,差别有统计学意义。结论Brugada法对室上性宽QRS波群心动过速的鉴别诊断有重要意义,正确的诊断和及时的处理对患者至关重要。     

宽QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断的研究进展

宽QRS波心动过速（WCT）是指发作时心率大于或等于100次／分,QRS波时限大于或等于120ms的心动过速,是需要急诊鉴别处理的快速心律失常。WCT的鉴别实际上就是室性心动过速与室上性心动过速的鉴别,二者的治疗方案及预后截然不同,正确鉴别具有重要的临床意义。同时,要有丰富的临床和阅图经验。     

aVR新流程对宽QRS波群心动过速的鉴别诊断价值探讨

目的 探讨用单一aVR导联QRS波群形态变化对宽QRS波群心动过速的鉴别诊断价值.方法 106例宽QRS波群心动过速患者,用aVR4步流程鉴别诊断宽QRS波心动过速与临床诊断(病史+心电图演变+药物治疗观察)对照比较.结果 按aVR流程诊断为室上性心动过速32例,占30.18％,临床诊断室上性心动过速34例,占32.0...     

小儿宽QRS波群心动过速21例分析

<正>宽QRS波群心动过速是包括了一组发病机制,治疗原则均不相同的心动过速。以室性心动过速最多见,约占70%~80%,室上性心动过速伴束支阻滞(永久性和功能性)占15%~20%,室上性心动过速伴旁道前传(显性预激)占1%~5%[1]。宽QRS波群     

ST-T改变在鉴别窄QRS波心动过速中的价值

为评价ST T改变在鉴别窄QRS波心动过速中的价值 ,用SPSS分析 12 4例窄QRS波心动过速患者体表 12导联心电图的ST T改变 ,其中房室折返性心动过速 (AVRT) 72例 ,房室结折返性心动过速 (AVNRT) 5 2例。结果 :AVRT组Ⅰ aVL导联ST段压低幅度 (0 .10± 0 .0 7mV)大于AVNRT组 (0 .0 6± 0 .0 6mV) ,P =0 .0 0 2 ;AVRT组V1导联T波幅度 (0 .14± 0 .19mV)大于AVNRT组 (0 .0 1± 0 .13mV) ,P <0 .0 0 1。鉴别窄QRS波心动过速的预测指标为QRS波终末改变 (R2 =0 .6 0 4 ,P <0 .0 0 1)、V1导联T波方向 (R2 =0 .2 4 9,P <0 .0 0 1)、V1导联T波幅度 (R2 =0 .180 ,P <0 .0 0 1)、Ⅰ aVL导联ST段压低 (R2 =0 .0 4 3,P <0 .0 0 1)。QRS波终末改变阳性预测AVNRT的特异性 98.6 % ,敏感性 75 .0 % ;V1导联T波正向预测AVRT的特异性 6 7.3% ,敏感性 81.9%。结论 :ST T改变有助于鉴别窄QRS波心动过速。QRS波终末改变是鉴别窄QRS波心动过速的较强预测指标 ;V1导联T波方向与幅度、Ⅰ aVL导联ST段压低是鉴别窄QRS波心动过速的较弱预测指标。     

宽QRS波心动过速的诊治进展

宽QRS波是临床常见的心律失常,常分为室性心动过速和室上性心动过速,由于两者治疗原则及方法不相同,所以鉴别宽QRS波心动过速非常重要,现介绍Brugada法、Vereckei法、aVR法、Ⅱ导联R波峰值标准法以及各种方法的特异性及敏感性。对于不同类型的宽QRS波心动过速有着不同的治疗方法,如药物、电复律及射频消融术。     

QRS Complex Voltage Changes Associated with Supraventricular Tachycardia

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in ventricular complex voltage associated with narrow QRS supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred forty-five patients undergoing catheter ablation for SVT, 85 with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) and 60 with AV reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) due to a concealed accessory pathway, were studied. Four consecutive tachycardia beats and four consecutive sinus beats were analyzed, excluding the last tachycardia complex and the first sinus one. For each of the 12 leads, the QRS complex voltage was measured, and the results of four beats were averaged both in SVT and in sinus rhythm (SR). The sum (sigma) of the QRS voltages measured in the 12 leads during SVT (sigmaSVT) and SR (sigmaSR) were calculated, as well as the QRS axis during SVT and SR. QRS complex voltage was significantly increased during SVT, with respect to SR, in leads II, III, aVR, aVF, and V2 to V6. In addition, sigmaSVT was significantly greater than sigmaSR. Only lead V1 showed a significant voltage decrease during SVT. These voltage changes were almost identical in patients with AVNRT and patients with AVRT. No relationship was found between tachycardia rate and QRS voltage variation. The QRS axis showed a significant shift during SVT, from 55.8 degrees to 64.5 degrees. CONCLUSION: QRS voltage increase occurs in reentrant SVT, independent of the underlying reentrant circuit. The phenomenon likely depends on tachycardia-related reduced ventricular filling. This could result in displacement of the heart in such a way that the left ventricle becomes closer to the precordial electrodes (proximity effect). Alternatively, decreased intracavitary blood mass could diminish the intracardiac short-circuiting of potentials, resulting in augmented transmission of cardiac vectors to the body surface.     

Current Algorithms for the Diagnosis of wide QRS Complex Tachycardias

The differential diagnosis of a regular, monomorphic wide QRS complex tachycardia (WCT) mechanism represents a great diagnostic dilemma commonly encountered by the practicing physician, which has important implications for acute arrhythmia management, further work-up, prognosis and chronic management as well. This comprehensive review discusses the causes and differential diagnosis of WCT, and since the ECG remains the cornerstone of WCT differential diagnosis, focuses on the application and diagnostic value of different ECG criteria and algorithms in this setting and also provides a practical clinical approach to patients with WCTs.     

Regular Wide QRS Complex Tachycardia During Atrial Fibrillation in a Patient with Preexcitation Syndrome: A Case Report

AV Conduction in WPW. We report an unusual case of a relatively regular wide QRS complex tachycardia alternating with periods of an irregular narrow QRS complex tachycardia during atrial fibrillation in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Both tachycardias resulted from atrial fibrillation, the wide QRS complex tachycardia being due to 2:1 AV conduction of a type I atrial fibrillation across a posteroseptal accessory AV connection.     

Brugada法联合Steurer法在宽QRS波心动过速鉴别诊断中的价值

为评价Brugada法联合Steurer法在宽QRS波心动过速 (WRT)鉴别诊断中的应用价值及存在的缺陷。对 1 0 1例WRT[室性心动过速 (VT) 5 8例 ,室上性心动过速 (SVT) 43例 ]进行分析。结果 :Brugada法诊断VT灵敏度、特异度、准确性分别为 85 .7%、89.5 %、87.1 % ;联合Steurer法后灵敏度、特异度、准确性分别升至 91 .5 %、90 .5 %、91 .1 %。进一步分析显示 :Brugada法对器质性原因所致VT、右束支阻滞型 (RBBB)特发性VT(IVT)、SVT伴室内差异性传导 (AC)或原有单侧束支阻滞 (BBB)者诊断符合率高 ( 95 .8%～ 1 0 0 .0 % ) ;对左束支阻滞型 (LBBB)特发性VT、SVT伴原有双支阻滞、心肌坏死或心肌梗死伴宽QRS波SVT及预激综合征伴旁道前传型SVT(WPW SVT)诊断的符合率低 ( 0～ 5 0 .0 % )。联合Steurer法可使WPW伴旁道前传型SVT得以明确诊断 ,但对前三者无鉴别意义 ,故不适合在前三者中应用。结论 :Brugada法联合Steurer法能提高WPW伴旁道前传型SVT的鉴别能力 ,是目前鉴别WRT的重要方法。     

Wide QRS complex supraventricular tachycardia with negative precordial concordance: Electrocardiographic clues for Mahaim pathway with Ebstein anomaly

Ebstein's anomaly is often accompanied by either Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome or atriofascicular Mahaim. These bypass tracts give rise to antidromic atrioventricular (AV) re-entrant tachycardias, in which the bypass tract serves as the anterograde limb of the circuit and the AV node as the retrograde limb of the reentrant circuit. Since the antidromic AV reentrant tachycardia over a Mahaim fibre has a typically left bundle braunch block (LBBB) morphology, it is easy to make a misdiagnosis of supraventricular tachycardia with functional LBBB or even of ventricular tachycardia particularly in the presence of negative concordance. Some electrocardiographic clues might prevent misdiagnosis of ventricular tachycardia and inadvertent ICD implantation.     

Differentiation of Narrow QRS Complex Tachycardia Types Using the 12‐Lead Electrocardiogram

Background: Previous studies have shown that only 80% of narrow QRS supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) types can be differentiated by standard 12‐lead electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria. This study was designed to determine the value of some new ECG criteria in differentiating narrow QRS SVT. Methods and Results : 120 ECGs demonstrating paroxysmal narrow QRS complex tachycardia (QRS s 0.11 ms and rate > 120 beats/min) were analyzed. Forty atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT), 70 atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT), and 10 atrial tachycardia defined with electrophysiologic study (EPS) consisted the study group. Eight surface ECG criteria were found to be significantly different between tachycardia types by univariate analysis. P waves separate from the QRS complex were observed more frequently in AVRT (70%) and atrial tachycardia (80%). Pseudo r’deflection in lead V¹, pseudo S wave in inferior leads, and cycle length alternans were more common in AVNRT (55, 20, and 6%, respectively). QRS alternans was also present during AVRT (28%). ST‐segment depression (≧ 2 mm) or T‐wave inversion, or both, were present more often in AVRT (60%) than in AVNRT (27%). During sinus rhythm, manifest preexcitation was observed more often in patients with AVRT (42%). When a P wave was present, RP/PR interval ratio > 1 was more common in atrial tachycardia (90%). By multivariate analysis, presence of a P wave separate from the QRS complex, pseudo r’deflection in lead V¹, QRS alternans, preexcitation during sinus rhythm, ST‐segment depression > 2 mm or T‐wave inversion, or both, were independent predictors of tachycardia type. Conclusions: Several new ECG criteria may be useful in differentiation of SVT types. Prediction of mechanism prior to EPS may provide additional benefits concerning the fluoroscopic exposure time and cardiac catheterization procedure. A.N.E. 2002;7(2):120–126