RNA干扰技术在胰腺癌基因治疗中的应用

RNA干扰(RNAi)是双链RNA(dsRNA)介导的、由特异性引起的转录后基因沉默现象. RNA干扰技术作为基因沉默的有效手段,在肿瘤治疗方面显示出良好的前景.现就RNA干扰的机制、双链RNA的设计、小干扰RNA(siRNA)的制备方法和RNA干扰技术在胰腺癌治疗研究中的应用进展作一综述.     

RNAi技术在胰腺癌中的应用

RNA干扰(RNAi)是双链RNA介导的转录后基因沉默的过程,是一种高效、高特异性的抑制基因表达的新途径。现将RNAi技术的作用机制及RNAi在胰腺癌中的应用作一综述。     

RNA干扰技术在抗乙型肝炎病毒感染应用中的研究进展

RNA干扰(RNA interference, RNAi)技术能够特异性地降低目的基因的表达, 是目前最有效的基因沉默技术, 体内外研究均证实了RNAi在抗乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)感染中的作用. 近年来, 为使RNAi更适应抗HBV感染临床应用的需要, 许多学者针对小干扰RNA(small interfering RNA, siRNA)靶序列、转导方法、短发夹状RNA(short hairpin RNA,shRNA)载体、各种联合策略的选择及化学修饰的应用等方面进行了大量研究. 本文综述RNAi技术, 尤其是HBV特异shRNA在抗HBV感染中应用的研究进展.     

RNA干扰及其在肝癌治疗中的研究进展

RNA干扰（RNAi）是指物体内利用双链RNA诱导同源靶基因的mRNA特异性降解，导致转录后基因沉默的过程。近年来，RNAi技术已广泛应用于医学研究之中。本文主要对RNAi的机制及其在肝癌防治中的应用作一综述。     

RNA干扰靶向白血病融合基因的研究

RNA干扰(RNA interference,RNAi)是新近发展起来的一种静止基因表达的有效方法,是由双链RNA分子介导的特异性靶基因转录后基因沉默过程.1998年由Fire等[1]在对线虫的研究中首先提出,2001年Elbashir等[2]报道RNAi同样存在于哺乳动物细胞,这一突破性的进展使RNAi技术在哺乳动物细胞中的探索与应用逐渐成为研究热点.     

RNA干扰在疾病治疗中的研究及应用进展

RNA干扰(RNAi)是指由双链RNA(dsRNA)所诱发的转录后水平上的基因沉默.RNAi通过小干扰RNA(siRNA)、重复相关siRNA(rasiRNA)和微小RNA(miRNA)而产生.由于RNAi对靶基因沉默作用的高度特异性和高效性,因此近年来RNAi用于肿瘤性疾病、感染性疾病、神经系统疾病等疾病的治疗研究是一个热点.虽然目前已有部分RNAi药物进入临床试验阶段,但是绝大部分的研究尚处于实验阶段,RNAi在临床上的实际应用尚需时日.     

RNA干扰技术在哺乳动物中的应用

RNA干扰(RNA interfe rence RNAi)是由小干涉RNAs介导的转录后基因沉默,能引起序列特异性的mRNA降解,广泛存在于生物体中。本文介绍了RNAi的作用机制,小干涉RNA(small interference RNA siRNA)的制备以及RNAi技术在哺乳动物中的应用,在基因功能研究、基因治疗方面显示出巨大的前景。但作为一种新型的基因阻断方法,由于我们对RNAi的机制尚不完全明了,RNAi 技术的应用在方法学等方面尚有许多亟待改进之处。     

RNA干扰技术及其在胃癌基因治疗中的应用进展

RNA干扰(RNAi)是指生物体内由双链RNA(dsRNA)介导同源mRNA的特异性降解,从而导致基因沉默的现象。目前,随着RNA干扰分子机制研究的不断深入,RNAi技术已广泛用于各种肿瘤的研究,尤其在胃癌治疗中的研究取得了重要进展,具有潜在、广阔的应用前景。     

RNA干扰技术与肿瘤研究进展

双链RNA能特异性地干扰(抑制)基因的功能,使内源性mRNA降解、导致基因沉默,这种现象称为RNA干扰(RNAi)。RNAi是近年来兴起的分子生物学技术,为肿瘤的基因治疗提供了一种有应用潜力的新途径。本文主要综述RNAi现象及其在肿瘤基因治疗研究方面的有关进展?     

应用RNA干扰抑制乙型肝炎病毒复制和表达

RNA干扰(RNAi)是一种由双链RNA(dsRNA)引发的序列特异性基因沉默机制。在这一转录后基因沉默(PTGS)过程中,与双链RNA有同源序列的单链RNA(如mRNA)被降解,从而阻断基因表达。RNAi过程的关键是由双链RNA     

Genomewide view of gene silencing by small interfering RNAs

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism in plant and animal cells that directs the degradation of messenger RNAs homologous to short double-stranded RNAs termed small interfering RNA (siRNA). The ability of siRNA to direct gene silencing in mammalian cells has raised the possibility that siRNA might be used to investigate gene function in a high throughput fashion or to modulate gene expression in human diseases. The specificity of siRNA-mediated silencing, a critical consideration in these applications, has not been addressed on a genomewide scale. Here we show that siRNA-induced gene silencing of transient or stably expressed mRNA is highly gene-specific and does not produce secondary effects detectable by genomewide expression profiling. A test for transitive RNAi, extension of the RNAi effect to sequences 5' of the target region that has been observed in Caenorhabditis elegans, was unable to detect this phenomenon in human cells.     

RNA interference--small RNAs effectively fight viral hepatitis.

RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of sequence-specific gene silencing, initiated by double-stranded RNA that is homologous in sequence to the target gene. This unique phenomenon has been extensively investigated during the last few years not only in the context of its mechanism and its possible role in the regulation of gene expression and cell function, but also as a potential powerful tool for gene therapy. Targeting essential viral genes or oncogenic alleles are only some of the possible applications of RNAi in the field of gene-directed therapy. This review covers the potential use of RNAi against hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, the main pathogens causing chronic liver disease. The major milestones along the discovery of RNAi will also be covered.     

RNA interference and the use of small interfering RNA to study gene function in mammalian systems

In the past 2 years, extraordinary developments in RNA interference (RNAi)-based methodologies have seen small interfering RNAs (siRNA) become the method of choice for researchers wishing to target specific genes for silencing. In this review, an historic overview of the biochemistry of the RNAi pathway is described together with the latest advances in the RNAi field. Particular emphasis is given to strategies by which siRNAs are used to study mammalian gene function. In this regard, the use of plasmid-based and viral vector-based systems to mediate long-term RNAi in vitro and in vivo are described. However, recent work has shown that non-specific silencing effects and activation of the interferon response may occur following the use of some siRNA and delivery vector combinations. Future goals must therefore be to understand the mechanisms by which siRNA delivery leads to unwanted gene silencing effects in cells and, in this way, RNAi technology can reach its tremendous potential as a scientific tool and ultimately be used for therapeutic purposes.     

RNA干扰及其在寄生原虫研究中的应用

RNA干扰（RNAi）是由双链RNA（double stranded RNA,dsRNA）分子在mRNA水平关闭相应序列基因表达或使其沉默的过程,小分子RNA在RNAi介导的基因调节过程中发挥了重要作用。蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫中RNAi现象的发现,证明RNAi很早即已经存在于真核谱系中,抑制反转录转座子的转录可能是RNAi最古老的功能。本文就引起人类疾病的寄生原虫中的RNAi研究及应用现状进行综述。     

Generation of single and double knockdowns in polarized epithelial cells by retrovirus-mediated RNA interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a ubiquitous mechanism of eukaryotic gene regulation that can be exploited for specific gene silencing. Retroviruses have been successfully used for stable expression of short hairpin RNAs in mammalian cells, leading to persistent inhibition of gene expression by RNAi. Here, we apply retrovirus-mediated RNAi to epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, whose properties limit the applicability of other RNAi methods. We demonstrate efficient suppression of a set of 13 target genes by retroviral coexpression of short hairpin RNAs and a selectable marker. We characterize the resulting knockdown cell populations with regard to composition and stability, and examine the usefulness of proposed guidelines for choosing RNAi target sequences. Finally, we show that this system can be used to simultaneously target two genes, giving rise to double knockdowns. Thus, retrovirus-mediated RNAi is a convenient method for gene silencing in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, and is likely to be applicable to virtually any mammalian cell.