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目的探讨高龄结、直肠癌病人并存病的围手术期处理。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2000年7月间收治65例70岁以上有并存病的结、直肠癌病人的外科治疗？结果并存心脏病40例，高血压17例，糖尿病13例，呼吸系统疾病13例，贫血26例，低蛋白血症41例。术后并发症有肠瘘2例，伤口裂开2例、伤口感染8例，肺部感染3例，心功能不全1例。围手术期死亡2例。结论虽然并存病增加了手术风险，但术前全面了解病情，加强并存病的围手术期处理可大大提高手术成功率，降低手术死亡率和并发症发生率。     

老年人结直肠癌的外科治疗

目的 探讨高龄结直肠癌患者的外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析8年间109例60岁以上结直肠癌患者行外科治疗的临床资料。结果 高龄结直肠癌患者入院前误诊率高(38．5％)，并存病多(89．0％)，肿瘤切除率为89．6％，围手术期病死率为8．2％。结论 手术切除是高龄结直肠癌患者最佳治疗方法，早期诊断，早期治疗，合理处理并存病，选择适当的麻醉和手术方式，有效的预防和治疗并发症是提高疗效的关键。     

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目的 探讨高龄结、直肠癌病人的外科治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析１９９４￣１９９８年间９０例７０岁以上结、直肠癌病人的外科治疗资料。结果 高龄结、直肠癌病人入院前误诊率高（５７％）,并存病多（５９％）,肿瘤切除率为９０％,术后并发症发生率为３６．５％,围手术期病死率为６％。结论 手术切除是高岭结、直肠癌病人最好治疗方法,但早期诊断,早期治疗,合理处理并存病,充分的肠道准备,适当的麻醉和手术方式,有效的     

老年人结直肠癌的外科治疗（附98例分析）

目的探讨老年结直肠癌患者的外科治疗情况。方法回顾性分析98例经外科治疗的60岁以上结直肠癌患者的临床资料。结果老年结直肠癌患者入院前误诊率为52%,并存病为57.2%,手术切除率为92%,术后并发症发生率为32.6%,围手术期死亡率3%。结论手术切除是老年结直肠癌患者最好治疗方法,但早期诊断,合理处理并存病,选择适当的手术方式,积极预防和治疗并发症是外科手术治疗成功的关键。     

高龄上腹部手术病人并存病的围术期处理

目的探讨高龄上腹部手术病人并存病的围术期处理措施。方法回顾性分析1998年5月至2006年5月收治83例70岁以上有并存病的上腹部手术病人的外科治疗。结果并存呼吸系统疾病25例,心脏病36例,高血压病27例,糖尿病22例,低蛋白血症32例,肝、肾功能不全16例。术后并发病有切口感染6例,切口裂开2例,胆外瘘2例,胆内瘘1例,肺部感染4例,心功能不全2例,围术期死亡3例。结论高龄并非手术禁忌证,虽然并存病例存在增加了手术风险,但术前全面了解病情,加强并存病围术期处理可提高手术成功率,降低手术死亡率和并发病的发生率。     

进展期胃癌并存糖尿病外科治疗的围手术期处理

目的总结进展期胃癌患者并存糖尿病外科治疗的围手术期处理。方法对1997年1月至2006年12月收治的36例进展期胃癌病例并存糖尿病外科治疗及围手术期处理进行回顾性分析。结果全组病例经充分的术前准备,血糖得到有效控制,均进行了手术治疗,术后无一例发生严重并发症、酮症酸中毒、高渗性昏迷及手术死亡。结论进展期胃癌并存糖尿病,只要围手术期对血糖有效控制,可取得满意的治疗效果。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期并存病的处理体会

目的：探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC）围手术期并存病的处理.方法：回顾分析LC 1 670例中296例并存病的临床资料,其中高血压136例,冠心病74例,糖尿病86例.经围手术期正确处理后行LC术.结果：术中1例死于严重心率失常,1例术后9d死于恶性高血压,酸碱平衡紊乱,其余手术均获成功.结论：在重视避免手术严重并发症的同时,术前需对患者并存病作出合理评估和治疗,以减少术中并存病引发的不良后果.加强围手术期并存病的处理,对降低LC围手术期病死率有重要意义.     

70岁以上直肠癌患者术前并存病的围手术期治疗

目的:探讨70岁以上直肠癌患者并存病的围手术期处理.方法:回顾性分析2002年1月至-2012年10月间收治121例70岁以上有并存病的直肠癌患者的外科治疗资料.结果:并存心脏病11例(9.1％),高血压17例(14.0％),糖尿病33例(27.3％),呼吸系统疾病11例(9.1％),肝功能异常10例(8.3％),贫血26例(21.5％),低蛋白血症31例(25.6％).术后并发症有肠瘘2例(1.7％),伤口裂开4例(3.3％),伤口感染11例(9.1％),肺部感染3例(2.5％),心功能不全1例(0.8％).围手术期死亡2例(16.5％).结论:虽然并存病增加了手术风险,但术前全面了解病情,加强并存病的围手术期处理可大大提高手术成功率,降低手术病死率和并发症发生率.     

腹部外科围手术期处理

围手术期究竟从术前几天始至术后几天止为限，迄今并无统一规定。不仅如此，参考文献的包括内容亦不一致，个人建议以本前1天，术中和术后1天为围手术期。无论上。何，围手术期内容从基础上应包括液体治疗，抗生素预防应用，营养支持，医院获得性感染防治，并存病处理和缓和手术引起的应激反应各项措施等六项。其次才是各外科病围手术期的特殊处理。本期征稿所述皆属后者，涉及基础方面则缺如。特别提出围手术期处理是在腹部手术愈做愈大，患者年龄日趋高龄，有器官功能不全和各种并存病的常见形势下才成为专题。当今对普外医师提出更高要求…     

80岁以上高龄结直肠癌外科治疗临床探讨

目的探讨80岁以上高龄结直肠癌的临床特点及外科治疗方法。方法收集我院2001年1月至2009年6月诊治的85例80岁以上高龄结直肠癌患者临床资料,分析其临床及诊治特点、术后并发症及预后。结果手术率94.12%,根治率80%,术后并发症发生率21.25%,手术死亡率1.25%;1、3、5年生存率分别为61.1%、57.5%、37.5%;52.5%死于肠癌,47.5%死于他病。结论年龄并非高龄结直肠癌患者的手术禁忌,只要加强围手术期处理,可取得较好的近期效果,但远期疗效并不理想。     

老年人胃癌的围手术期处理(附181例报告)

目的探讨老年胃癌患者的围术期处理经验。方法回顾性分析1996年7月至2007年6月181例60岁以上接受手术治疗的胃癌病例。结果181例患者中合并糖尿病27例,慢性支气管炎37例,阻塞性通气障碍12例,贫血79例,低蛋白血症28例,高血压病63例,冠心病72例。无术前死亡病例,术后出现并发症147例次：胰漏1例,腹水形成13例,伤口裂开1例,伤口感染3例,心衰2例,心绞痛3例,血压升高79例,心律失常57例,血糖升高34例,肺部感染18例,急性胰腺炎1例;死亡3例（1．66％）。结论术前合并症增加了手术的风险性,但术前全面了解病情,加强对其围手术期处理可提高手术的安全性,降低手术死亡率和并发症发生率。     

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??Acute obstructive rectal cancer in the elderly patients HU Zhen, ZHAI Chun-bao, TIAN Li-jun .Department of Colorectal ?? Anal Surgery, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan 030024,China
Corresponding author: ZHAI Chun-bao, E-mail:huzhen0351@163.com
Abstract Objective To investigate the rational management of acute obstructive rectal cancer in the elderly patients under “damage control surgery” (DCS) guidance. Methods The clinical data of twenty elderly patients with acute obstructive rectal cancer admitted between January 2006 and June 2009 at Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among 20 elderly patients with obstructive rectal cancer, 18 patients were performed perioperative treatment with different stages and procedures, got symptomatic relief and were performed selective definite surgical operation. Among 18 patients performed definite operation, 17 patients were healed and anastomotic leakage occurred in 1 patient. The other 2 patients were performed ileostomy. Conclusion The perioperative management of elderly patients with acute obstructive rectal cancer under “damage control surgery” guidance can change emergency operation to selective operation and greatly improve the prognosis of elderly patients.     

老年胃癌合并心血管疾病的围手术期处理体会

目的探讨老年胃癌患者合并心血管疾病的围手术期处理。方法对116例合并心血管疾病的胃癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果术后重度血压升高7例,严重低血压1例,充血性心力衰竭5例,心绞痛2例,心肌梗死1例,各类心律失常28例。并发切口裂开1例,切口感染1例,肺部感染2例,低血糖昏迷1例,吻合口瘘1例,吻合口出血1例。围手术期死亡3例。术后心血管并发症发生率、其他并发症发生率、围手术期死亡率分别为37．9％（44／116）、6．0％（7／116）、2．6％（3／116）。结论老年胃癌合并心血管疾病增加了手术的风险性,但加强围手术期处理可提高手术的安全性,降低围手术期死亡率和并发症发生率。     

75岁以上高龄直肠癌128例治疗分析

目的探讨75岁以上高龄直肠癌的诊治特点。方法回顾性分析诊治的128例75岁以上老年性直肠癌诊疗过程。结果手术根治率可达86%,手术并发症发生率为28.7%,死亡率为2.5%;低位直肠癌保肛率达61%,且85.4%的患者对于术后控便情况表示满意。结论高龄直肠癌患者经积极的围手术期治疗,手术疗效明显,且低位直肠癌保肛手术后患者控便机能良好。     

The preoperative staging of rectal neoplasms: the clinical exam and diagnostic imaging

The management of rectal cancer remains an important clinical problem. Although there was been great progress in surgical management, the survival of patients with locally advanced disease has not improved significantly during the past decades. Preoperative staging and evaluation of the risk of recurrence may help in the choice of operation. It is difficult for clinicians to quantify reliably with digital examination the degree of fixation of the tumor, and they usually cannot distinguish nodal metastases except in advanced cases. The more frequent overstaging of small tumors within one quadrant of the rectum is a major drawback of digital examination. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance seems to underestimate the extension of rectal tumors, but both can be helpful in selecting patients with advanced tumors for whom preoperative adjuvant treatment is being considered. Endoluminal ultrasound is superior in staging tumors confined to the rectal wall, but is not the ideal tool for staging: the results are examiner dependent, the field of vision in depth is limited, and stricturing tumors cannot be passed by the ultrasound transducer. Imaging diagnostic attendibility confirms the preeminent role of intraoperative exploration in the assessment of neoplastic diffusion in order to plan a correct surgical treatment.     

Racial disparities in rectal cancer treatment: a population-based analysis

HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that there are significant racial disparities in delivery of care to rectal cancer patients. We examined differential surgical and radiation treatment for these patients and determined whether blacks were less likely than whites to undergo sphincter-sparing procedures, which are associated with a higher quality of life than sphincter-ablating procedures. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cohort study.Patients and SETTING: The Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database provided population-based data for rectal cancer patients who were diagnosed between 1988 and 1999, were older than 35 years, and had no prior colorectal or other pelvic cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using logistic regression, we compared receipt and type of surgical therapy and radiation therapy, controlling for age, sex, year, geography, stage, and anatomic location. RESULTS: Among 52 864 patients, 3851 were black and 44 010 were white. Blacks were younger than whites and had more advanced disease (P<.001). Among patients who underwent operation, rates of sphincter-ablating procedure were 37% for whites and 43% for blacks (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23-1.65). Moreover, 53% of whites and 56% of blacks received no radiation therapy for stage II to III disease (AOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.15-1.47). CONCLUSIONS: Blacks with rectal cancer were diagnosed at a younger age and more advanced disease stage than whites, implying a need for more aggressive screening. After adjusting for stage and other covariates, surgical and radiation treatment also differed along racial lines. Our data suggest that treatment disparities may contribute to differences in outcome among racial/ethnic groups with rectal cancer, and they highlight the need for improving access to state-of-the-art surgical care for minority patients with rectal cancer.     

Factors influencing perineal wound healing after proctectomy

The hospital and office records of 86 patients who underwent proctectomy for cancer of inflammatory bowel disease with primary closure of the perineal wound were reviewed. Almost one fourth of all patients suffered a significant perineal wound complication, the majority of which were infections. The incidence of postoperative perineal wound complications was comparable in both groups of patients. Urinary retention occurred in 24 percent of patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection or rectal cancer, and half of these patients required transurethral resection which indicates the need for more thorough preoperative assessment of bladder function, especially in older men. The development of leg ischemia that resulted in amputation in two elderly patients who had preoperative evidence of obstructive peripheral vascular disease suggests that a synchronous two-team abdominoperineal resection with the patient in the modified lithotomy position for a prolonged period should be avoided. One third of all patients were discharged less than 10 days after surgery and two thirds within 2 weeks. Prolonged stays were more frequent in cancer patients and appeared to be related to age rather than to the development of postoperative complications. The perineal wound after abdominoperineal resection for cancer healed more rapidly and more completely than did the wound after proctectomy for inflammatory bowel disease. Fourteen percent of the inflammatory bowel disease patients did not have a healed wound 1 year after surgery. The extent of rectal cancer as determined by Duke's classification played no role in healing of the perineal wound, but women with rectal cancer healed at a slower rate than did men. The location of the exit site for wound catheters and the use of cautery and preoperative steroid therapy appeared too have no effect on the healing of the perineal wound.     

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目的探讨合并心血管病高龄结直肠癌病人的围手术期处理。方法根据ACC/AHA制定的非心脏手术围手术期心血管评估指南标准,将2004年1月至2006年12月间在上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院手术的306例70岁以上合并心血管病结直肠癌病人分为高危、中危和低危3级后进行围手术期干预并做回顾性分析。结果高危20例,中危70例,低危216例。术后重度血压升高22例,充血性心力衰竭10例,心绞痛3例,心肌梗死1例,各类心律失常102例。切口裂开3例,肺部感染34例,糖尿病酮症酸中毒1例,肾功能不全4例,吻合口漏6例,应激性溃疡8例。围手术期死亡4例,其中评估为高危者2例,中危者2例。结论术前合并心血管疾病增加了手术的风险,但完善术前评估、加强围手术期的处理可提高手术的安全性,降低手术死亡率和并发症发生率。