肺静脉内不同温度射频消融对血液动力学的影响

探讨用不同预置温度行肺静脉内射频消融对血液动力学的影响。选择健康杂种犬 3 0只 ,分成 5 0℃ ,60℃ ,70℃三组 ,经房间隔途径将温控电极置入肺静脉内进行消融 ,消融时间均为 60s。消融前、消融后即刻监测心电图 ,行选择性肺静脉造影 ,并测量右房压 (RAP)、右室压 (RVP)、主肺动脉压 (PAP)、左房压 (LAP)。术后留养 3个月 ,重复以上检查。结果 :5 0℃组 1只犬在行房间隔穿刺时因心包填塞死亡 ,其余均顺利完成试验。共在 72处肺静脉内行点状消融 ,5 0℃、60℃、70℃组分别为 2 0 ,2 6,2 6处。右上、下肺静脉 ,左上、下肺静脉分别为 13 ,9,2 7,2 3处。 5 0℃及 60℃组消融后即刻、术后 3个月血液动力学指标无显著变化 ;70℃组消融后即刻、术后 3个月肺动脉压分别为 3 5± 7,3 3± 5mmHg,较术前 ( 2 8± 4mmHg)明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;左房压分别为 11± 4 ,12± 2mmHg ,较术前 ( 14± 3mmHg)显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;70℃组肺静脉狭窄的发生率均明显高于 60℃组及 5 0℃组。结论 :肺静脉内射频消融影响血液动力学的原因主要是肺静脉狭窄 ;消融温度在 60℃和 70℃之间存在影响血液动力学的临界值 ,故预置温度应控制在 60℃以内。     

不同温度超声消融肺静脉口对电传导影响的实验研究

观察不同温度超声消融肺静脉口对电传导的影响 ,探索适合肺静脉口的最佳超声消融温度。选用健康成年犬 15只 ,随机分为 5 0℃、5 5℃及 6 0℃消融组 ,用特制的超声球囊导管在S1S1快速起搏下环状消融肺静脉口 ,观察产生电隔离的时间及消融后每隔 10min再次快速起搏观察电隔离是否存在。结果 :共消融肺静脉口 5 1个 ,实验发现 ,在消融温度为 5 0℃时 ,所有消融处均未产生电隔离 ;在消融温度为 5 5℃时多产生一过性电隔离 ;在消融温度为6 0℃时可产生有效电隔离消融温度为 6 0℃时 ,电隔离多发生在达到预设消融温度后 10s内 ,最长发生在达到预设消融温度后 2 2s。结论 :经球囊超声消融肺静脉口 ,在消融温度达到 6 0℃ ,持续 30s能够产生有效电隔离。     

经球囊超声导管消融对肺静脉的电隔离作用——附一只犬的动物实验报告

试研究球囊超声导管消融能否电隔离肺静脉、是否造成肺静脉的急性或者慢性狭窄。报告 1只犬的左上肺静脉经球囊超声导管消融电隔离结果。经房间隔将球囊超声导管的球囊置于左上肺静脉与左房的交界处 ,消融至电隔离。消融前后行肺静脉造影检查 ,2个月后行病理检查。结果 :消融开始至隔离的时间为 1160s。有效消融表现为肺静脉内的A波振幅逐渐降低 ,SP间期的逐渐延长至出现肺静脉与心房的电隔离。消融前与消融后 15min的造影对比 ,无肺静脉的狭窄及血液动力学变化。 2个月后尸体解剖发现肺静脉壁的轻度环行增厚 ,无左上肺静脉的狭窄。结论 :球囊超声消融可完全电隔离肺静脉 ,不造成肺静脉的急性或慢性狭窄 ,但长期效果仍有待观察。     

肺静脉内射频消融温度与肺静脉狭窄的关系研究

目的探讨肺静脉内不同温度射频消融与肺静脉狭窄的关系.方法健康杂种犬30只,分成3组,经房间隔途径将温控电极导管置入肺静脉内进行消融,各组能量分别为50℃×60s,60℃×60s,70℃×60s.消融前、后均行选择性肺静脉造影,术后留养3个月,重复肺静脉造影后,处死,取心肌、肺静脉及肺组织作病理检查.结果50℃组1只犬在行房间隔穿刺时因心包填塞死亡,其余均顺利完成试验.共在肺静脉内72处行点状消融,50℃组、60℃组、70℃组分别为20、26、26处.右上肺静脉、右下肺静脉、左上肺静脉和左下肺静脉分别为13、9、27、23处.50℃组肺静脉于消融后即刻及3个月后均未见狭窄.60℃组消融后即刻发现5处狭窄,3个月后仅遗留1处狭窄.70℃组消融后即刻有12处狭窄,3个月后复查仍有7处狭窄,发生率均明显高于50℃组及60℃组.结论肺静脉内射频消融温度为50℃及60℃时较为安全,70℃时肺静脉狭窄的发生率明显上升,提示消融温度应控制在60℃以减少肺静脉狭窄的形成.     

入心静脉口环状超声消融动物实验

观察入心静脉口环状超声消融对心电传导及影像学的影响 ,探讨超声消融在治疗局灶源性心房颤动 (简称房颤 )中的临床价值。选用健康成年杂种犬 7只 ,用特制的超声球囊导管和温控大头导管在S1S1快速刺激下分别环状消融肺静脉口和上、下腔静脉口。超声消融时预设温度 60℃、功率 2 0W、脉宽 15ms,3 0 %输出方式 ;若放电 10s后温度达不到 5 0℃ ,则加大功率、脉宽或输出方式 ,直至达到有效消融温度 ( 5 5℃以上并持续 3 0s以上 ) ;观察消融前后心电传导的变化及管腔形态的变化。结果 :共超声消融入心静脉口 10个 ,除一个上腔静脉口因管腔直径过大只在放电时引起一过性电隔离外 ,其余 9个超声消融后都可造成持久的电隔离 ,且未见急性狭窄 ;而 7个射频消融的入心静脉口无一例形成持久的电隔离 ,且有 4例发生急性狭窄。结论 :超声消融更易在入心静脉口形成完全、持久的电隔离 ,很少导致管腔狭窄 ,且操作简单 ,安全可靠 ,优于射频消融。     

应用环状冷冻消融导管隔离肺静脉治疗阵发性心房颤动的初期体会

报告使用环状冷冻导管对阵发性心房颤动(AF)患者行肺静脉电隔离治疗的初期体会。对5例阵发性AF患者共18根肺静脉行冷冻消融,其中8根肺静脉(44.4%)单用环状冷冻导管平均消融3.2±1.5(2~5)次即能达到肺静脉的完全电隔离,10根肺静脉(55.6%)用环状冷冻导管消融后,需用普通射频导管在环形冷冻线上补点消融后才成功隔离肺静脉。随访3~6个月,4例(80%)无AF复发。消融后即刻选择性肺静脉造影和术后3个月核磁共振扫描检查均未发现肺静脉狭窄。结论:环状冷冻导管治疗阵发性AF安全性好,但隔离肺静脉的效率还需进一步提高。     

带孔房间隔分流器治疗肺动脉高压犬的短期疗效初探

目的初步探讨带孔房间隔分流器治疗肺动脉高压犬模型的短期疗效。方法健康雄性比格犬36只, 犬龄1～2岁, 采用简单随机抽样法分为经导管球囊扩张房间隔造口术(BAS)+分流器组、BAS组和无造口组3组, 每组12只。在犬右心房内注射脱氢野百合碱(1.5 mg/kg), 建立肺动脉高压模型。建模成功后, BAS+分流器组犬行BAS, 术后置入带孔房间隔分流器, BAS组犬行球囊扩张房间隔造口术, 无造口组犬不予任何干预。于建模前, 建模后2个月, 手术治疗后1、3、6个月, 分别测量各组犬的血流动力学指标及血N末端B型利钠肽原(NT-proBNP)水平。于手术治疗后1、3、6个月对BAS组和BAS+分流器组犬行超声心动图检查, 观察分流器及房间隔造口的开通情况。于手术治疗后1、3、6个月各组分别处死3只犬, 取心脏房间隔组织及房间隔分流器进行大体观察, 观察分流器内皮化情况;取肺组织进行苏木素-伊红(HE)染色, 观察肺中小血管附近炎症细胞浸润以及肺血管内膜增厚和狭窄的情况。结果 2只犬在建模后24 h内死亡, 剩余34只犬, 其中BAS+分流器组12只、BAS组11只、无造口组11只。与B...     

心房内膜射频消融治疗心房颤动的实验研究

为探索心房内膜标测指导射频消融治疗心房颤动 (AF)的可行性 ,选实验犬 16只 ,对右心房行心内膜标测并在其指导下消融 (右房和双房消融组各 8只 )。与术前相比 ,在同等条件下 ,消融后不能诱发或仅可诱发短阵AF ,但无一次持续时间超过 1min者视为手术成功。右房消融组中 ,对标测出关键部位 (电激动最无序、ff间期最短、最早出现f波及导管刺激易诱发AF的部位 )的 5只犬 ,行纵向跨间隔的单径线消融 ,成功 3例、失败 2例 ;对关键部位不典型的 3只犬行双径线消融 ,成功 1例、失败 2例。双房消融组中 ,关键部位位于房间隔的 4只犬行单径线消融 +左房肺静脉口局灶性消融全部成功 ;关键部位位于右心房侧壁上部的 1只犬行双径线消融 +左房肺静脉口局灶性消融后也获成功 ;关键部位不典型的 3只犬行双径线消融 +左房肺静脉口局灶性消融 ,1例成功、2例失败。消融前后基础电生理参数无明显变化 (P <0 .0 5 )。结果初步表明经导管心房内膜射频消融治疗AF是可行的 ,且心内膜标测对消融方案的选择具有指导性     

肺静脉电隔离治疗持续性心房颤动方法学及效果评价

目的对肺静脉电隔离治疗持续性心房颤动(房颤)的方法学及效果进行评价。方法14例持续性房颤患者,房颤病史6个月～20年,房颤持续时间1周～4个月,左心房直径37～47 mm平均(40．8±26．0)mm,左心室射血分数0．26-0．68平均0．55±0．11。术前抗凝治疗2～3周。术中常规放置冠状静脉窦导管及右心室起搏导管。房间隔穿刺成功后送入肺静脉环状标测电极导管(Lasso电极导管)及盐水灌注消融导管,预设功率30 W,温度50℃,于肺静脉口依次对4根肺静脉进行隔离。电复律恢复窦性心律后,再将Lasso电极导管依次送入各肺静脉口部标测,在残存肺静脉电位(PVP)的部位继续消融至心房与肺静脉完全电隔离。结果共对54根肺静脉进行电隔离,左上肺静脉14根,左下肺静脉13根,右上肺静脉14根,右下肺静脉13根,电隔离成功后PVP均完全消失,即刻成功率100％,平均放电时间(2 972±843)s。1例出现心脏压塞。随访12-18个月,无房颤复发5例(36％);症状明显减轻、房颤发作频率及持续时间明显减少4例(28％);症状无改善,房颤仍持续发作5例(36％),总有效率64％。结论肺静脉电隔离对持续性房颤治疗有效,其方法学可行但存在一定局限性。     

Lasso环形标测电极导管指导阵发性心房颤动肺静脉电隔离

探讨在Lasso环形标测电极导管指导下对阵发性心房颤动 (PAF)患者行肺静脉电隔离术的安全性、有效性。顽固性PAF患者 30例 ,男 19例 ,年龄 5 3± 15 (41～ 70 )岁 ,在肺静脉口用Lasso环形电极导管对肺静脉逐一进行标测 ,于肺静脉最早的心房 肺静脉电位处消融 ,电学隔离肺静脉。消融温度控制在 5 0℃ ,功率 2 5～ 35W。结果 :电学隔离肺静脉 6 9根 ,其中左上肺静脉 2 8根、左下肺静脉 2 0根、右上肺静脉 15根、右下肺静脉 6根 ,电隔离成功6 5根 ;电隔离上腔静脉 6根 ,左房后游离壁异位兴奋灶消融 8个 ,无手术相关并发症。即刻成功率 94 %。随访10 .1± 5 .1(5～ 2 2 )个月 ,成功率 (无心房颤动发作 ) 6 1%。结论 :在Lasso环形标测电极导管指导下对PAF患者行肺静脉电隔离术安全有效 ,是一种很有前途的治疗PAF的消融方法。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Angiographic diagnosis of the degree of serosal invasion of carcinoma of the colon

Angiography using Prostaglandin El^® was performed on 38 patients with carcinoma of the colon in order to diagnose the degree of serosal cancer invasion. The findings at angiography were classified into four groups:1) AG-S3, abnormal change (irregularity and/or encasement) up to marginal vessels; 2) AG-S2, abnormality up to vasa recta; 3) AG-S1, abnormality of penetrating branches of vasa recta within the wall of the colon; and 4) AG-S0, no distinct findings of abovementioned vessels. These angiographic findings were compared with both macroscopic and microscopic serosal cancer invasion. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the macroscopic findings in 84.2 percent of cases. Angiographic diagnosis is in accord with the microscopic findings in 32.4 percent of cases. Macroscopic findings confirm the angiographic diagnosis precisely but the conflict with microscopic findings should not be overlooked. This may be the result of inflammatory change, adhesion, and fibrosis around carcinoma of the colon.