曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿的临床观察

目的:研究曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿效果。方法:对35例37眼弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿患者随机分为两组单纯玻璃体腔曲安奈德注射组及联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗组,其中光凝组在注药后1mo行黄斑部格栅样光凝,分别对比各组治疗前及治疗后1,3,6mo视力及黄斑厚度进行统计分析。结果:单纯曲安奈德注射组注药后1,3mo视力分别为0.28±0.19、0.22±0.14较注射前视力0.15±0.13提高,有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后6mo视力为0.17±0.10与治疗前视力无统计差异(P>0.05),黄斑厚度注药后1,3,6mo分别为231.82±61.02μm、255.12±92.66μm、349.06±116.19μm均较注药前469±136.60μm减轻(P<0.01),但治疗后6mo较3mo黄斑厚度明显增加有统计学意义(P<0.01),提示黄斑水肿复发;联合治疗组注药后1,3,6mo视力为0.27±0.17、0.25±0.15,0.23±0.13,与治疗前视力0.14±0.11对比均明显提高(P<0.01),黄斑厚度治疗后1,3,6mo分别为245.68±74.85μm、257.36±79.44μm、276.57±99.64μm较治疗前黄斑厚度473.33±123.22μm显著减轻(P<0.01),但6mo与3mo黄斑厚度对比无显著增加(P>0.05)。观察期间29%患眼出现眼压升高,经局部降眼压药物治疗后得到控制。结论:曲安奈德玻璃体腔注射联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗弥漫性糖尿病黄斑水肿,能减轻黄斑水肿,提高患者视力,但仍需进一步长期临床观察。     

ISIS-DME: a prospective, randomized, dose-escalation intravitreal steroid injection study for refractory diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE:: To determine safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for refractory clinically significant diabetic macular edema (DME). DESIGN:: Prospective, randomized, dose-escalation pilot study comparing single injection of 2 mg versus 4 mg doses of IVTA. METHODS:: Inclusion criteria included clinically significant DME persisting >/=3 months after maximal laser treatment and visual acuity 15 letters at 3 months in 23% (3/13) of 2 mg group and in 33% (5/15) of 4 mg group (P = 0.69), and 0% (0/11) and 21% (3/14) at 6 months, respectively (P = 0.23). Visual improvement was more likely in cystoid-type DME than diffuse DME. Intraocular pressure rise of >/=10 mmHg occurred in 19% (3/16) of 2 mg group and 41% (7/17) of 4 mg group. CONCLUSIONS:: Both doses of IVTA were well tolerated and had significant positive effects on refractory DME for short term. There were consistent trends throughout the study that suggest that a 4 mg IVTA may be more effective than a 2 mg dose. The benefit of IVTA was greater for cystoid-type DME.     

Time course of changes in retinal thickness and visual acuity after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for diffuse diabetic macular edema with and without previous macular laser treatment

PURPOSE: To describe the changes in retinal thickness (RT) and visual acuity over time in patients with clinically significant diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME) after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) and to compare patients with and without previous laser treatment. METHODS: A total of 23 eyes with clinically significant DME received a 4-mg IVTA injection. Twelve eyes were refractory to macular laser treatment (group 1), and 11 eyes received IVTA as primary therapy (group 2). Visual acuity and changes in macular thickening shown by optical coherence tomography were evaluated 48 hours after injection, every 7 days for 1 month, and at 3 months and 6 months of follow-up. RESULTS: RT decreased in all eyes in both groups. The reduction of edema was maximal in the first 7 days after IVTA and tended to remain stable for 3 months. The decrease in RT over time was significant in both groups (P < 0.001). At 6 months, RT had increased in almost all eyes. Visual acuity improved quickly, to a maximum at 2 weeks in both groups, after which it remained stable for 3 months and then decreased. Improvement in visual acuity over time was significant in both groups (P < 0.001). The temporal characteristics of the changes in RT and visual acuity were similar in the two groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: IVTA was effective in reducing clinically significant DME and improving visual acuity in eyes with and without previous laser treatment. Its action was maximal in the first week and lasted approximately 3 months in this study.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for diffuse diabetic macular oedema: 6-month results of a prospective controlled trial

PURPOSE: To evaluate prospectively the efficacy and safety of one intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide for refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Seventeen patients with bilateral diabetic macular edema unresponsive to laser photocoagulation. In all patients, one eye was injected, and the other served as a control. The intervention consisted in intravitreal injection of 4 mg triamcinolone acetonide. The main outcome measure was central macular thickness (CMT) at 4, 12 and 24 weeks, measured by Optical Coherence Tomography. Secondary outcomes were Early Treatment Diabetic Rentinopathy Study (ETDRS) scores, intraocular pressure and cataract PROGRESSION. RESULTS: Before injection, mean +/- SD CMT was 566.4 +/- 182.4 mum in injected eyes. Four, 12, and 24 weeks after injection, it was 228.4 +/- 47.5 mum, 210.9 +/- 87.2 mum and 358.5 +/- 160.5 mum respectively. CMT was significantly lower in injected eyes vs. control eyes except 24 weeks after injection because of a recurrence of macular edema in 9/17 injected eyes. Mean +/- SD gain in ETDRS score was significantly better in injected eyes vs. control eyes 4, 12 and 24 weeks after TA injection. In 9 of the 17 injected eyes, intraocular pressure exceeded 24 mmHg and was controlled by topical medication. CONCLUSION: In the short-term, intravitreal injection of triamcinolone effectively reduces macular thickening due to diffuse diabetic macular edema and improves visual acuity in most cases. The long-term effect of this treatment and predictive factors of visual recovery remain to be elucidated.     

A Three-year Follow-up of Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection and Macular Laser Photocoagulation for Diffuse Diabetic Macular Edema

Purpose

To report the three-year outcomes of macular laser photocoagulation following intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for diffuse diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods

A prospective, randomized controlled study was completed. Eighty-six eyes of 74 patients with diffuse DME were randomized into two groups. Eyes assigned to the combination group (n = 48) were subjected to macular laser photocoagulation three weeks after IVTA. Eyes in the IVTA group (n = 38) underwent IVTA alone. Central macular thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography, and the number of additional treatments and mean time to recurrence were assessed.

Results

Thirty-seven eyes in the combination group and 26 eyes in the IVTA group completed the three-year follow-up. Recurrence of DME after initial treatment was not observed for nine of the 37 (24.3%) eyes in the combination group or for one of the 26 (3.9$) eyes in the IVTA group (p = 0.028). DME was absent for 19.9 months after treatment in the combination group compared to 10.3 months in the IVTA group (p = 0.027). The mean number of additional treatments was 0.92 in the combination group and 1.88 in the IVTA group (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Results in the subset of subjects who completed the three-year follow-up demonstrated that laser photocoagulation following IVTA is more effective than IVTA monotherapy for diffuse DME. Combination therapy required fewer additional treatments and resulted in a lower recurrence rate than IVTA monotherapy.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone for diabetic macular oedema in Chinese patients: six-month prospective longitudinal pilot study

AIM: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) in Chinese patients with diabetic clinical significant macular oedema (CSMO). METHODS: Eighteen eyes of 17 consecutive patients with CSMO were prospectively recruited and treated with a 4 mg injection of IVTA. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) on the ETDRS chart and central macular thickness (CMT) on optical coherence tomography were measured at baseline weeks 1, 2, 3, and months 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Side-effects were monitored. RESULTS: All patients completed 6 months of follow up. The mean baseline BCVA and CMT were 1.20 +/- 0.31 logMAR units and 552 +/- 179 microm, respectively. Improvements in CMT and BCVA were observed as early as at 1 and 2 weeks, respectively (P < 0.05). Mean BCVA peaked at 2 months (0.97 +/- 0.38 logMAR units) while mean CMT was maximally reduced at 3 months (326 +/- 145 microm). Improvements in BCVA and CMT were less afterwards but still statistically significant at 6 months; the final mean BCVA and CMT were 0.99 +/- 0.36 logMAR units and 427 +/- 145 microm, respectively. A total of 5/18 (28%) eyes developed a transient increase in intraocular pressure. Cataract progression was noted in 2/12 (17%) of the phakic eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal triamcinolone appeared generally safe and effective in Chinese patients with CSMO. Although the improvements in BCVA and CMT were transient, there were residual benefits at 6 months. Due to the transient nature of IVTA, re-treatment seems necessary but the optimal timing and dosage will require further investigations.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone for diffuse diabetic macular oedema

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA) for the treatment of diffuse diabetic macular oedema (DME) refractory to conventional argon macular laser therapy. METHODS: A prospective, consecutive, and noncomparative case series was undertaken involving 38 eyes of 38 patients with refractory DME. Triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg) in 0.1 ml was injected intravitreally. LogMar visual acuity (VA) and macular thickness measured by ocular coherence tomography (OCT) were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 1, 3, and 6 months. RESULTS: All patients completed 6 months of follow up. VA (mean+/-SD) improved from 0.905+/-0.23 to 0.605+/-0.28, 0.555+/-0.29, and 0.730+/-0.30 at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. Macular thickness baseline (mean+/-SD) on OCT was 418.7+/-104.2 microm and this decreased to 276.9+/-72.6 microm, 250.6+/-53.1 microm, and 308.8+/-87.3 microm at 1, 3, and 6 months, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IVTA may be a potential temporary treatment for refractory DME. It is effective in decreasing macular thickness and improving VA but the effect lasts approximately for 6 months in the majority of patients. Further investigations are required to establish the safety of IVTA for the treatment of DME.     

Comparison of Photocoagulation With Combined Intravitreal Triamcinolone for Diabetic Macular Edema

Purpose

To compare the efficacy between macular laser grid (MLG) photocoagulation and MLG plus intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA; MLG+IVTA) therapy in diabetic macular edema (DME) patients.

Methods

A prospective, randomized, clinical trial was conducted of DME patients. A total of 60 eyes (54 patients) affected by DME were observed for a minimum of 6 months. Thirty eyes of 28 patients who received MLG treatment and 30 eyes of 26 patients who received the combined MLG+IVTA treatment were included in the study. Main outcome measures were BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) as measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment. Additionally, the authors examined retrospectively 20 eyes of 20 patients who were treated with only IVTA and compared with the 2 groups (MLG group and MLG+IVTA group).

Results

Baseline BCVA was 0.53±0.32 and CMT was 513.9±55.1 µm in the MLG group. At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the MLG group showed no significant improvement of BCVA and CMT, although there was significant improvement after 6 months. In the MLG+IVTA group, the baseline BCVA was 0.59±0.29 and CMT was 498.2±19.8 µm. After treatment, significant improvement of BCVA and CMT was observed at all follow-up time periods. When comparing the MLG group with the MLG+IVTA group, the latter had better results after 1 and 3 months, although at 6 months, there was no significant difference of BCVA and CMT between the 2 groups. Additionally, the IVTA group showed more improvement than the MLG group at 1 and 3 months but showed no significant difference at 6 months. In addition, the IVTA group showed no significant difference with the MLG+IVTA group at all follow-up time periods.

Conclusions

For DME patients, the combined MLG+IVTA treatment had a better therapeutic effect than the MLG treatment for improving BCVA and CMT at the early follow-up time periods. IVTA treatment alone could be an additional alternative therapeutic option to combined therapy.     

Comparison of the short-term effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and bevacizumab injection for diabetic macular edema

Purpose

To compare the short-term effects of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) with those of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection for diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods

The present retrospective, comparative case study included 58 eyes of 35 consecutive patients (IVTA group, 20 eyes; IVB group, 38 eyes) with DME. IVTA (4 mg) or IVB (1.25 mg) injection was performed under local anesthesia. The effects of injection for DME were evaluated using best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT) by optical coherence tomography and intraocular pressure (IOP) by applanation tonometer. Patients underwent eye examinations, including BCVA, CMT, and IOP at pre-injection, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after injection.

Results

BCVA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) ± SD at pre-injection, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after injection was 0.67 ± 0.40, 0.56 ± 0.35 (p = 0.033), 0.55 ± 0.33 (p = 0.041), and 0.43 ± 0.31 (p = 0.001) in the IVTA group and 0.51 ± 0.31, 0.42 ± 0.26 (p = 0.003), 0.43 ± 0.32 (p = 0.001), and 0.43 ± 0.27 (p = 0.015) in the IVB group, respectively. CMT (µm) ± SD at pre-injection, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after injection was 400.4 ± 94.9, 332.8 ± 47.4 (p = 0.002), 287.5 ± 49.1 (p = 0.007), and 282.5 ± 49.6 (p = 0.043) in the IVTA group and 372.6 ± 99.5, 323.2 ± 72.4 (p = 0.077), 360.9 ± 50.3 (p = 0.668), 368.2 ± 88.6 (p = 0.830) in the IVB group, respectively.

Conclusions

The effects of IVTA for BCVA were more favorable than were those of IVB and were consistent throughout the eight weeks after injection. IVTA significantly reduced CMT during the eight weeks after injection, while IVB did not.     

Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for diabetic diffuse macular edema: preliminary results of a prospective controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prospectively the efficacy and safety of 1 intravitreal injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide for refractory diffuse diabetic macular edema. DESIGN: Interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Fifteen patients with bilateral diabetic macular edema unresponsive to laser photocoagulation. In all patients, one eye received the injection, and the other served as a control. INTERVENTION: Intravitreal injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide under subconjunctival anesthesia. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measure was central macular thickness (CMT) at 1, 3, and 6 months, measured by optical coherence tomography. Secondary outcomes were Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) scores, intraocular pressure, and cataract progression. RESULTS: In this preliminary report, we give the results for 12 patients who had a follow-up of at least 3 months. Seven of them were followed up for 6 months. Before injection, CMT was 509.6+/-143.5 microm (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]) in injected eyes, versus 474.4+/-82.6 microm in control eyes. Four weeks after injection, it was 207.3+/-44.2 microm in injected eyes and 506.7+/-122.4 microm in control eyes (P<0.001, bilateral Wilcoxon test for paired samples), and after 12 weeks, 207+/-96.7 microm and 469.3+/-117.6 microm, respectively (P = 0.005). The difference between the CMTs of injected and control eyes was no longer significant at 24 weeks because of the recurrence of macular edema in 5 of 12 injected eyes. Before triamcinolone injection, the ETDRS score was 47.8+/-13 (mean +/- SD; range, 28-66) in injected eyes, versus 51.9+/-14.6 (range, 31-71) in control eyes. Twelve weeks thereafter, the corresponding values were 52.7+/-10.8 (range, 34-70) and 50.8+/-14.3 (range, 29-69), respectively, and at 24 weeks, 54.7+/-7.6 (range, 47-68) and 50.6+/-18.4 (range, 28-71). At no time was the difference between the ETDRS scores for injected and control eyes significant. In 6 of the 12 injected eyes, intraocular pressure exceeded 25 mmHg, and was controlled by topical medication. CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone effectively reduces macular thickening due to diffuse diabetic macular edema, at least in the short term. Further studies are required to demonstrate that it provides visual benefit.     

Intravitreal bevacizumab (avastin) injection alone or combined with triamcinolone versus macular photocoagulation as primary treatment of diabetic macular edema

PURPOSE: To report the efficacy of a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection alone or in combination with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide versus macular laser photocoagulation (MPC) as primary treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). METHODS: In this randomized, three-arm clinical trial, 103 eyes of 97 patients with clinically significant DME and no previous treatment were enrolled. The eyes were randomly assigned to one of three study arms: the intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) group, patients who received 1.25 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab (37 eyes); the IVB/IVT group, patients who received 1.25 mg of intravitreal bevacizumab and 2 mg of intravitreal triamcinolone (33 eyes); and the MPC group, patients who underwent focal or modified grid laser (33 eyes). Primary outcome measure was change in visual acuity. RESULTS: Visual acuity changes +/- SD at 12 weeks were -0.22 +/- 0.23, -0.13 +/- 0.31, and + 0.08 +/- 0.31 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution in the IVB, IVB/IVT, and MPC groups, respectively. The marginal regression model based on generalized estimating equation analysis demonstrated that the visual acuity changes in the groups were statistically significant at both 6 weeks (P < 0.0001) and 12 weeks (P = 0.024). The significant treatment effect was demonstrated at both 6 weeks and 12 weeks in the IVB group and only at 6 weeks in the IVB/IVT group. Significant central macular thickness (CMT) reduction was observed in eyes in the IVB and IVB/IVT groups only up to 6 weeks; however, CMT changes were not significant in the groups. CONCLUSION: Up to 12 weeks, intravitreal bevacizumab treatment of patients with DME yielded better visual outcome than laser photocoagulation, although it was not associated with a significant decrease in CMT. No further beneficial effect of intravitreal triamcinolone could be demonstrated. Further clinical trials with longer follow-up are required to evaluate the long-term visual outcomes and complication profiles after primary treatment with such medications.     

黄斑格栅样激光光凝联合玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的疗效分析

目的评价黄斑格栅样激光光凝联合玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德（IVTA）对糖尿病性黄斑水肿（DME）的治疗效果。方法将DME患者48例（60眼）分成A、B、C组,每组20眼,A组行单纯黄斑区格栅样激光光凝治疗,B组行单纯IVTA治疗,C组在IVTA4mg后2周行黄斑区格栅样激光光凝。观察3组治疗前及治疗后1、3、6个月的视力,黄斑中心凹厚度。结果3组患者治疗前视力、黄斑中心凹厚度差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,3组治疗后1、3、6个月,视力、黄斑中心凹厚度比较：A组与B组差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,A、B组分别与C组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论黄斑格栅样激光光凝联合IVTA优于单纯激光及单纯玻璃体腔注药。     

Vitrectomy Combined with Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection and Macular Laser Photocoagulation for Nontractional Diabetic Macular Edema

Purpose

To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) and macular laser photocoagulation for the treatment of nontractional diabetic macular edema (DME) refractory to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Methods

Twenty-eight eyes from 28 subjects who were diagnosed with nontractional DME refractory to three or more sequential anti-VEGF injections underwent sequential vitrectomy, IVTA, and macular laser photocoagulation. Changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) during the six months following vitrectomy were evaluated. Additionally, the CST and BCVA outcomes were compared with those of 26 eyes treated with the same triple therapy for nontractional DME refractory to conventional treatment, such as IVTA or macular laser photocoagulation, or both.

Results

The mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution BCVAs before and one, three, and six months after vitrectomy were 0.44 ± 0.15, 0.36 ± 0.18, 0.31 ± 0.14, and 0.34 ± 0.22, respectively. The mean CSTs were 433.3 ± 77.9, 329.9 ± 59.4, 307.2 ± 60.2, and 310.1 ± 80.1 microns, respectively. The values of both BCVA and CST at one, three, and six months were significantly improved from baseline (p < 0.05). The extent of CST reduction during the first month after triple therapy was greater in eyes refractory to conventional treatment than in eyes refractory to anti-VEGF (p = 0.012).

Conclusions

Vitrectomy combined with IVTA and macular laser photocoagulation had a beneficial effect on both anatomical and functional outcomes in eyes with nontractional DME refractory to anti-VEGF therapy.     

白内障超声乳化手术中联合玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿合并重度白内障的疗效观察

目的 观察白内障超声乳化手术中联合玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德（IVTA）治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿（DME）合并重度白内障的临床效果。方法 临床检查确诊为DME伴重度白内障患者21例25只眼纳入研究。其中,15只眼行标准白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术及IVTA治疗（IVTA组）,10只眼仅行标准白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术（非IVTA组）。所有患眼均行最佳矫正视力（BCVA）、裂隙灯显微镜、间接检眼镜及光相干断层扫描（OCT）检查。采用重复测量方差分析,对比IVTA组、非IVTA组手术后1、3、6个月的平均最小分辨角对数（logMAR）BCVA及黄斑中心凹厚度（CMT）变化情况。对手术前后logMAR BCVA与CMT行Pearson相关性分析。采用多元线性回归分析法分析影响手术后6个月视力恢复的相关因素。结果 重复测量方差分析结果显示,IVTA组与非IVTA组手术后平均logMAR BCVA均较手术前提高。IVTA组与非IVTA组手术前后平均logMAR BCVA比较,差异有统计学意义（F=4.855、6.235,P=0.037、0.020）。手术后1、3、6个月,IVTA组与非IVTA组平均logMAR BCVA改善程度比较,差异均无统计学意义（F=0.007、0.006、0.023,P=0.973、0.938、0.882）。手术后1、3个月,IVTA组CMT降低程度优于非IVTA组;两组CMT降低程度比较,差异有统计学意义（F=10.449、7.374,P=0.012、0.026）。手术后6个月,IVTA组与非IVTA组CMT降低程度比较,差异无统计学意义（F=2.173,P=0.114）。相关性分析结果显示,手术前及手术后6个月平均logMAR BCVA与平均CMT之间均无相关性（r=0.279、0.172,P=0.295、0.574）。多元线性回归分析结果显示,影响手术后6个月视力恢复的因素有外界膜状态和糖尿病病程（β=0.577、-0.411,P=0.025、0.030）。结论 白内障超声乳化手术中联合IVTA治疗DME合并重度白内障可在短期内减轻黄斑水肿,改善患者视力。     

Arteriovenous crossing sheathotomy versus intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection for treatment of macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion

PURPOSE: To compare the functional and anatomical outcomes of arteriovenous (AV) sheathotomy and intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection in the treatment of macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: Forty eyes of 40 patients with macular edema secondary to BRVO were randomized into two treatment groups. A total of 20 patients received AV sheathotomy (sheathotomy group), and the second group of 20 patients was treated with IVTA (IVTA group). Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity (VA) score, total macular volume measured, and foveal thickness by 3rd generation optical coherence tomography (OCT3) were evaluated as main outcome measurements. RESULTS: The average changes in ETDRS scores, total macular volumes, and foveal thicknesses compared to baseline values, were significant 3 months and 6 months after treatment in both groups (P < 0.05, paired t-test), but only the IVTA group showed significant improvements 1 month after treatment. The between-group differences in average ETDRS score, total macular volume, and foveal thickness changes were significantly better at 1 month after treatment in the ITVA group (P = 0.026, P < 0.001, P = 0.001, respectively, Student's t-test), at which time IVTA patients had better vision and anatomical outcomes than did those in the sheathotomy group. CONCLUSIONS: After either AV sheathotomy or IVTA treatment, patients with macular edema secondary to BRVO showed similar functional and anatomical outcomes 6 months later. When the cost and the risks of vitreoretinal surgery are considered, IVTA treatment may be a better treatment option, as the drug yields better short-term outcomes.     

玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的疗效观察

目的:观察玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)的有效性及安全性.方法:前瞻性研究.选取2015-12/2016-12在深圳市人民医院眼科就诊,经荧光素眼底血管造影(fluorescein fundus angiography,FFA)及光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)检查确诊的DME患者20例20眼纳入本研究.采用糖尿病视网膜病变早期治疗研究视力表(ETDRS)检查最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA),OCT检查测量黄斑中心厚度(central macular thickness,CMT).所有患眼玻璃体腔注射10mg/mL康柏西普0.05mL(含康柏西普0.5mg),每1mo注射1次,连续3次为核心治疗,之后根据病情需要决定是否重复治疗.每1mo随访1次,平均随访时间8.55±1.96mo.对比分析治疗前后患眼BCVA、CMT及黄斑水肿渗漏的变化,同时观察随访期间眼部与全身不良反应的发生情况.结果:治疗前,患眼平均BCVA为43.35±17.45个字母,平均CMT为576.30±167.92μm.患眼平均注射次数3.20±0.52次.治疗后1、3、6mo及末次随访时,患眼平均BCVA均较治疗前分别提高11.2±5.9、13.8±7.9、15.7±6.8、14.7±8.6个字母,差异均有显著统计学意义(均P<0.01).治疗后1mo平均BCVA提高的字母数与术后6mo及末次随访相比,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01);末次随访时,视力显著提高者10眼(50%);提高者7眼(35%);稳定者3眼(15%).治疗后1、3、6mo及末次随访时,患眼平均CMT较治疗前分别降低了183.8±159.5、292.9±169.0、271.4±167.2、286.4±166.9μm,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01),治疗后1mo平均CMT与术后3、6mo及末次随访相比,差异均有显著统计学意义(P<0.01).末次随访时FFA检查发现,黄斑水肿消失者6眼(30%);水肿减轻者12眼(60%);水肿范围扩大者2眼(10%).随访期间均未见视网膜脱离、眼压持续升高、眼内炎等与治疗相关的严重眼部及全身并发症.结论:玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗DME可提高患眼视力,降低患眼CMT,安全性好.     

球后与玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德联合激光治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿的疗效比较

目的：探讨球后及玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德联合激光治疗糖尿病黄斑性水肿(DME)的临床疗效及其疗效对比。

方法：将40例62眼DME患者随机分两组,每组31眼,一组采用球后注射曲安奈德(RBTA)进行治疗,另一组采用玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德(IVTA),两组均在1mo后采用法国光太532nm眼底激光仪对局限性黄斑水肿进行局部视网膜激光治疗,对弥散性黄斑水肿及囊样黄斑水肿进行格栅样视网膜激光治疗,随访1wk,1、3、6mo观察视力、眼压、眼底、黄斑水肿情况及其并发症。

结果：两组患者治疗后随访1wk,1、3、6mo过程中平均最佳矫正视力提高、黄斑水肿减轻,同治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。其中RBTA组患者中显效12眼,有效16眼,无效3眼; IVTA组患者中显效12眼,有效17眼,无效2眼; RBTA组显效率39%,总有效率90%; IVTA组显效率39%,总有效率94%。随访期间无视网膜脱离、眼内炎、眼内出血及其他并发症发生。

结论：曲安奈德联合激光治疗DME具有一定疗效,不良反应少,能够有效地提高患者视力、减轻黄斑水肿等特点,是治疗DME的有效方法之一。球后注射与玻璃体腔注射曲安奈德两种注射方式对治疗DME的疗效无明显差异。     

Intravitreal bevacizumab for persistent macular edema with proliferative diabetic retinopathy

To evaluate the effectiveness of an intravitreal bevacizumab injection on retinal neovascularization and diabetic macular edema (DME) refractory to laser photocoagulation therapy. Thirty-four eyes of 22 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and DME refractory to laser photocoagulation therapy received an intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg/0.05 ml of bevazicumab. Changes in mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), regression of neovascularization over time, and correlation between BCVA and CMT were evaluated. Follow-up visits were at weeks 1, 2 and 4 and months 3 and 6. Mean BCVA was significantly better than baseline only at week 2 (P = 0.036). Mean CMT decreased significantly from baseline at weeks 1, 2, and 4 (P = 0.001). At months 3 and 6, mean CMT increased, albeit insignificantly (P = 0.804 and P = 1.0). The decrease in fluorescein leakage was moderate in all eyes at the end of week 1. At week 2, there was total resolution of fluorescein leakage in 24 (70.5%) eyes and moderate resolution in 10 (29.5%) eyes. At the end of month 3, the fluorescein leakage was fully resolved in 5 (14.7%) eyes, moderately resolved in 24 (70.5%) eyes, and was similar to baseline in 5 (14.7%) eyes. At month 6, the fluorescein leakage was fully resolved in 3 (8.8%) eyes, moderately resolved in 20 (58.8%) eyes, and was similar to baseline in 11 (32.4%) eyes. A moderate but insignificant negative correlation was found between visual acuity and CMT (P > 0.05). Persistence or recurrence of neovascular tissue after panretinal photocoagulation may be attributed to the production of vascular endothelial growth factor by the residual ischemic retina, which also results in persistent or recurrent DME despite macular grid photocoagulation.     

不同方法注射曲安奈德联合光凝治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿

目的：评估曲安奈德(triamcinolone acetonide,TA)玻璃体腔和球后注射联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿的临床疗效和安全性。

方法： 将52例62眼糖尿病性黄斑水肿患者随机分为璃体腔(0.1mL/4mg)注射TA组31眼和球后(1mL/40mg)注射TA组31眼,注药1mo后行黄斑部格栅样光凝,随访9mo观察视力、黄斑水肿情况及并发症。

结果： 两组患者治疗后1,3,6,9mo 4个随访时间点平均最佳矫正视力提高、黄斑水肿减轻,同治疗前比较均有统计学差异(P<0.05),组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。球后注射组并发症低于玻璃体腔注射组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论： TA球后注射联合黄斑部格栅样光凝治疗糖尿病性黄斑水肿,同玻璃体腔注射的疗效无明显差异,且更安全。     

Efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone for the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion in eyes with or without grid laser photocoagulation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of primary and secondary (following grid laser photocoagulation) intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection for the treatment of macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). METHODS: Eyes with macular edema secondary to BRVO and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) worse than 20/40 were included. Eyes eligible for Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion Study (BVOS) guidelines received grid laser treatment first. Those that were not improved at least two lines following grid laser or that did not meet those guidelines received 4 mg IVTA injection. The efficacy of IVTA treatment was assessed by analyzing the change in BCVA and reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) measured by optical coherence tomography. Intraocular pressure (IOP) spikes and other complications were recorded. RESULTS: The data from 37 eyes were included; in 12 of them IVTA injection was given after grid laser while 25 of them received IVTA as a primary treatment. Mean follow-up was 9.6 +/- 4.5 months. BCVA was 0.06 +/- 0.30 and 0.17 +/- 0.50 in the primary and secondary IVTA injection groups, respectively. In the primary injection group, there was a statistically significant gain in BCVA throughout the follow-up (P < 0.05), while a small increase in BCVA was noted only at the third month visit in the secondary IVTA injection group (P = 0.04). Average CMT were 434.8 +/- 122.1microm and 389.0 +/- 171.9 microm before IVTA injection in the two groups, respectively. In the primary IVTA injection group, CMT decreased at 1 month following IVTA injection and remained statistically significant until the sixth month visit (P < 0.05). In the secondary IVTA injection group, a slight reduction in CMT was noted only in the first month visit (P = 0.02). Pre-IVTA BCVA was found to be the single statistically significant predictor of BCVA gain following IVTA injection. In 8 patients (21.6%), the IOP increased above 25 mmHg postoperatively, and was successfully managed by medical treatment. Endophthalmitis did not develop in any of the patients. CONCLUSION: IVTA injection produced a significant reduction of macular edema in eyes with BRVO either with or without prior grid laser treatment. Reduction of CMT increased the BCVA in most of the eyes receiving IVTA primarily, while only a slight improvement of BCVA was found in eyes with prior grid laser. The IVTA effect was transient. Larger studies are necessary to find the best approach (either grid laser or IVTA) to patients with macular edema associated with BRVO.