283家涉外企业职业危害现状及服务需求调查

目的了解我省涉外企业职业卫生现状及服务需求,为建立科学、有效的职业卫生管理机制提供参考依据。方法选择有代表性6个市（县、区）市的283家涉外企业为调查对象。对工作场所有害因素进行检测与工人职业健康检查,进行意向性问卷调查。结果283家涉外企业存在职业危害,接触职业病危害因素18448人。存在职业病危害因素的行业集中在纺织业、制衣业及机械业。职业病危害因素共检测1759个点,合格率60.09%;接触噪声与苯的工人听力下降与白细胞减少异常率增高。部分企业忽视职业卫生工作,对职业病危害因素监测与评价、建立职业卫生档案、职业健康体检、职业卫生管理与职业病防护不到位。结论目前我省涉外企业职业卫生状况不容乐观,应及时采取相应的预防对策与控制措施。     

涉外企业职业卫生服务管理初探

涉外企业劳动力大多来自农村、小城镇，文化素质较差，对职业卫生职业危害知识了解甚少，部分涉外企业对职业危害因素和环境污染不进行积极治理，导致环境污染严重，职业性伤害越来越多。因此，抓好涉外企业的职业卫生管理已是一项十分迫切的工作。１涉外企业职业卫生现状...     

深圳市外企业主要有机溶剂职业危害的调查

目的 对深圳市涉外企业三氯乙烯、正己烷和苯的职业危害进行调查,提出预防措施。方法 根据广东省《涉外企业有机溶剂中毒防治措施应用研究》方案,调查企业劳动卫生基本情况、历年职业中毒情况,并对部分企业企业场所进行监测。结果 3种毒物职业中毒人数占全市的54.37%,其中三氯乙烯中毒死亡人数占人市的41.38%,而正己烷中毒人数占全市的33.26%。结论 三氯乙烯和正己烷是目前我市涉外企业职业危害最严重的有机溶剂。     

深圳市涉外企业主要有机溶剂职业危害的调查

目的 对深圳市涉外企业三氯乙烯、正己烷和苯的职业危害进行调查,提出预防措施。方法 根据广东省《涉外企业有机溶剂中毒防治措施应用研究》方案,调查企业劳动卫生基本情况、历年职业中毒情况,并对部分企业作业场所进行监测。结果 3种毒物职业中毒人数占全市的54.37％,其中三氯乙烯中毒死亡人数占全市的41.38％,而正己烷中毒人数占全市的33.26％。结论 三氯乙烯和正己烷是目前我市涉外企业职业危害最严重的有机溶剂。     

经济开发区涉外企业的职业卫生现状

目的　探讨经济开发区涉外企业的职业卫生现状。方法　采用横断面调查,描述流行病学方法对某经济开发区涉外企业进行研究。结果　该区有涉外企业１２４ 家,其中７３ 家存在职业危害;有害作业工人３ ２２６ 人;存在噪声、酯酮类、苯类、铬、粉尘、铅等职业有害因素;噪声接触人数最多,占４７－２１ ％ ,酯酮类、苯类次之,占１７－７３ ％ 及１５－７５ ％ ;生产环境有害因素监测总合格率９６－７２ ％ ,粉尘、噪声超标严重,合格率各为７０－９７ ％ 、８４－９４ ％ ;尘毒作业未检出职业病;噪声作业检出噪声性损伤６６ 人（１４－８３ ％ ） ,实施预防性和经常性职业卫生监督所要求的有关措施的厂数比例少。结论　涉外企业为该经济开发区职业卫生工作的重点,其中应以噪声的治理和防护为重心;职业卫生工作跟不上开发区涉外企业的职业卫生需求。     

广东省涉外企业职业卫生现况调查

目的　了解广东省涉外企业职业卫生状态,为政府对涉外企业采取有效的管理措施提供科学依据。方法　对广东珠江三角洲三个城市２８７ 家涉外企业进行职业卫生调查。结果　广东省主要的外资来源是香港、美国、日本和台湾,职业有害因素主要分布在玩具、电子、制鞋和金属制品业,职业有害因素接触率为１９－６ ％ 。受调查企业近年发生急性１ ,２二氯乙烷中毒２９ 例,职业中毒发病率为３－１２／ 万。噪声作业工人听力损伤为２３－０ ％ ;工业三苯、噪声、重金属是现阶段广东省涉外企业最主要的职业危害,主要分布在玩具、电子、制鞋和金属制品业。工伤的发生率为３６－３／ 万,工伤死亡率为３－０／ 万。涉外企业加班情况相当普遍,８３－６ ％ 企业需加班,其中每月加班超过６４ 小时占１６－７ ％ 。结论　建议应争取政府支持,把工业建设项目预防性卫生监督纳入法规化管理;应加强经常性卫生监督,及时发现职业隐患,防止发生急性中毒;建立“广东省职业中毒通报系统”,及时向全省职业卫生控制机构通报中毒案例和防范措施,采取有效措施减少类似中毒案例发生。     

新乡市职业卫生现状调查

目的了解新乡市工业企业职业卫生现状,以加强职业卫生监督管理工作。方法制定统一的职业卫生调查表,对新乡市工业企业的职业卫生现状进行全面调查。结果新乡市存在职业病危害的企业423家,危害因素涉及生产性粉尘、毒物及物理因素等,接触职业危害的职工52 155人,占该市职工总人数的46.74%。结论目前新乡市工业企业职业卫生状况不容乐观,防治形势严峻,应采取积极有效的预防对策与措施,加强监督与管理。     

启东市职业卫生现状分析及管理对策

为深入贯彻落实《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》（简称《职业病防治法》,全面掌握我市职业卫生现状,我市卫生监督部门于2003年3月对全市存在职业病危害因素的企业进行了职业卫生监督检查。现对该市职业卫生现状及管理对策作一探讨。     

昆山地区职业卫生现状调查与对策探讨

近年来,随着外资企业、民营企业的迅猛发展,各种职业危害因素以及接触的人数在不断增加,企业中职业病危害、职业病事故呈上升趋势。为掌握我市工业企业的基本职业卫生情况以及与发达地区的比较[1],初步探索出适合我市当前形势的企业职业卫生监督管理和职业卫生服务需求的对策,对我市所有工业企业进行了全面调查与分析。1对象与方法1.1对象我市所有从事工业生产的企业。共调查工业企业2 989家,职工总人数363 406人。企业经济性质以独资和私营最多,分别为1 143家和1 644家;从不同经济性质企业雇佣的职工数来看,独资企业最多,共雇佣职工242 310…     

深圳市453家涉外企业三苯职业危害分析

近几年来随着涉外工业的迅速发展,由“三苯”引起的中毒病例时有发生,“三苯”职业危害问题亦日趋严重,为了进一步了解“三苯”等毒物在我市涉外企业的具体情况,及时找到防治措施,我们对453家涉外企业“三苯”危害情况进行了调查分析,现报告如下。1 对象与方法1.1 对象 根据《广东省劳动安全卫生条例》对我市453家涉外企业进行了现场监测,调查企业劳动卫生基本情况,按照劳动卫生工作规范,对三苯作业工位进行空气采样。在涉外企业中     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.