改良腹腔镜下全膀胱切除原位M形回肠代膀胱术

2004年9月及2005年3月分别对2例膀胱癌患者施行改良术：先在腹腔镜下切除膀胱、前列腺，再利用下腹壁小切口行原位M形回肠代膀胱术。本术式改良之处在于：采用气囊导尿管牵拉对合代膀胱开口与尿道断端；代膀胱底部开口周围行荷包缝合以加固其强度；安置代膀胱造瘘管。2例患者术后恢复良好，无严重并发症，术后恢复自主控尿。本改良术式具有操作相对简单，利于术后恢复及训练控尿能力等优点。     

改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱术后效果探析

目的探讨改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱手术的临床效果。方法对18例浸润性膀胱癌患者行改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱手术治疗,记录手术时间、术中输血量、术后并发症、术后排尿情况、肿瘤控制情况和生存质量等。结果 18例患者均顺利完成手术,平均手术时间250 min。术中输血量平均470 mL。术后3例出现早期并发症,其中电解质紊乱2例,尿瘘1例。18例患者均获随访,平均时间20个月,1例发生单侧输尿管反流,1例死于脑梗死,1例死于肿瘤转移,1例死于肾功能衰竭。术后患者的生活质量比较满意。结论改良膀胱全切除原位回肠新膀胱手术术式简单、术后并发症少和代膀胱功能好,是浸润性膀胱癌较为理想的治疗术式。     

回肠折叠包埋式输尿管抗返流吻合的临床应用

为证实回肠折叠包埋式输尿管抗返流的低压回肠代膀胱术的实用价值，自１９９２年８月－１９９５年１月，对１２例膀胱癌患者施行回肠折叠包埋式输尿管抗返流的低压回肠代膀胱术，随访３－２９个月，患者可获得近似生理状态的排尿，无尿失禁及残余尿。术后定期膀胱造影，未发现明显输尿管返流。回肠折叠包埋式输尿管抗返流吻合，操作简单，效果可靠，值得临床应用。     

改良膀胱全切正位可控W形回肠代膀胱术(附10例报告)

目的:探讨改良膀胱全切正位可控W形回肠代膀胱术的疗效。方法:对10例膀胱癌患者采用改良膀胱全切正位可控W形回肠代膀胱术。膀胱全切时不切断耻骨前列腺韧带,切断前列腺尖部时紧贴精阜近端,并采用电刀紧贴膀胱及前列腺处理膀胱侧后韧带和前列腺侧韧带。截取末段回肠,排列成W形,褥式缝合制作贮尿袋,输尿管以乳头法种植。结果:10例手术时间平均240min,术中平均出血量600ml,术后随访12~24个月,平均16个月,日间控尿良好10人,夜间控尿良好9人,9例患者性功能恢复,未见一例尿失禁。结论:改良膀胱全切正位可控W形回肠代膀胱术手术时间短,操作简单,术中出血少,并发症少,术后患者控尿效果好,尿失禁发生率低,性功能恢复良好。     

膀胱

不同类型膀胱癌组织中环氧化酶-2的表达及意义，膀胱癌术前活检分级低估现象分析，原位回肠和乙状结肠尿流改道术临床疗效比较，改良Kock回肠代膀胱术51例报告,女性腺性膀胱炎的诊断及外科治疗（附226例报告）,经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后单次髂内动脉栓塞化疗治疗难治性膀胱癌，[编者按]     

改良膀胱全切原位W形回肠膀胱术26例报告

目的评价改良膀胱全切原位W形回肠膀胱术的临床疗效。方法对26例膀胱癌患者行逆行和顺行相结合的全膀胱切除方法，截取40cm带蒂回肠，对肠系膜纵行剖开后W形折叠，缝制成新膀胱，输尿管以乳头法种植于膀胱“三角区”，将贮尿囊完全置于腹膜外；术后随访患者恢复和排尿情况，定期复查生化指标、B超和膀胱排尿造影。结果患者术后均康复，平均随访18个月，白天控尿良好20例，夜间控尿良好18例；5例有不同程度的肾积水和肾功能异常，其中1例出现双肾积水，均行膀胱排尿造影除外返流；无低钾血症和酸中毒。结论改良膀胱全切原位W形回肠膀胱术，具有手术简单、术后并发症少及代膀胱功能良好的特点，是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的理想方法。     

改良VIP回肠代膀胱术（附12例报告）

为更好地解决膀胱癌患者膀胱全切除术后的贮尿和控尿问题，采用改良ＶＩＰ回肠代膀胱术治疗１２例膀胱癌患者。其方法为截取末段回肠４０ｃｍ进行除管和回肠双重折叠作为贮尿囊，输尿管与回肠行ＬｅＤｕｃＣａｍｅｙ吻合术，回肠与后尿道端端吻合建立尿流输出道。随访６～２８个月，平均１１个月。结果：１０例白天完全控尿，２例增加腹压时有尿失禁；９例晚间完全控尿，２例部分尿失禁，１例完全尿失禁。代膀胱内压低，容量大（平均４００ｍｌ）；无输尿管返流和剩余尿。     

改良低压回肠代膀胱术的疗效评价

目的 总结改良原位低压回肠代膀胱术的疗效及患者生活质量。方法 膀胱癌患者53例，平均年龄61岁，均施行根治性膀胱全切术。截取末端35—45cm回肠，“U”形缝合形成代“膀胱”，并与输尿管形成抗返流的“乳头”缝合。结果 术后所有患者血生化及电解质均正常，随访3—6个月，51例患者白天完全可控排尿，完全夜间可控制排尿25例。47例无残余尿，5例有残余尿20-35mL。结论 改良低压回肠代膀胱术，膀胱容量大、压力低、无返流、效果好、无吸收性酸中毒，患者白天均能够控制尿液，夜间需定时排尿，生活质量高，多数患者满意。     

根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌效果比较

目的比较根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的效果。方法选取2015-01—2018-07间在郑州大学第一附属医院接受根治性膀胱切除术的100例肌层浸润性膀胱癌患者。按照不同代膀胱术式分为2组,原位新膀胱术组患者55例,回肠膀胱术组45例。比较2组的治疗效果。结果回肠原位新膀胱术组的术中出血量及术后恢复排便时间、胃管保留时间、并发症总发生率、住院时间均低于回肠膀胱术组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。术前2组患者的最大尿流率、膀胱容积、充盈期膀胱压力、最大尿道压、残余尿量差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。2组术后上述尿流动力学指标均较术前降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),但组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。回肠原位新膀胱组术后生活质量评分高于回肠膀胱术组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论根治性膀胱切除中回肠原位新膀胱术与回肠膀胱术治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌,均有良好效果。但前者术后胃肠道功能恢复较快,并发症总发生率较低,生活质量较高。可作为治疗肌层浸润性膀胱癌的首选术式。     

改良原位回肠代膀胱术(附25例报告)

目的：探讨改良膀胱全切原位回肠代膀胱术的疗效。方法：对24例膀胱癌及1例腺性膀胱炎患者采用改良膀胱全切原位回肠代谢膀胱术。膀胱全切采用顺行逆行相结合的方法。截取末段回肠,排列成W形,褥式缝合制作贮尿袋。输尿管以乳头法种植。结果：25例手术时间平均4h,输血量平均550ml,术后24例随访2－84个月,平均24个月,23例白天可控排尿,14例夜间自控排尿。仅2例术后发生输尿管积水,1例术前左肾积水者术后无变化。2例肾功能异常。23例行膀胱排尿造影均未发现输尿管返流。术后出现低血钾者2例,余22例血电解质均在正常范围。无肠膀胱或尿道肿瘤复发者。结论：改良膀胱全切原位回肠代膀胱手术术时间短,操作简单,出血少,并发症少,术后无膀胱输尿管返流,电解质紊乱发生率低。     

Effect of ileocystoplasty on contractile response of the bladder,ileum, and cystoplastic ileal segment

Bladder augmentation or substitution with ileal segments is being used to a greater extent in recent years. The goal of the present study is to characterize the physiologic and pharmacologic changes in the ileal segment that occur following ileal cystoplasty. Four weeks following ileocystoplasty in rabbits, the contractile response of sections of normal terminal ileum, bladder body, and the cystoplastic segment of ileum (ileocystoplasty) was studied in isolated muscle baths. Results were as follows: 1) The ileum responded to a maximal dose of bethanechol with an increase in the amplitude and frequency of phasic contractions whereas the bladder displayed a rapid and sustained increase in basal tension. The cystoplastic ileal segment showed a marked increase in basal tension with superimposed phasic contractions. 2) Maximally effective doses of ATP and methoxamine reduced tension in the normal ileal segments but contracted both the bladder and cystoplastic ileal segments. 3) Isoproterenol reduced tension in all three segments. The pharmacological response of the cystoplastic segment of ileum significantly shifted from that of the ileum toward the response of the bladder. This effect is important as a manifestation of the functional plasticity of smooth muscle.     

Supratrigonal cystectomy and ileocystoplasty in management of interstitial cystitis

BACKGROUND: Interstitial cystitis is a chronic non-infectious inflammatory disease of the bladder of unknown aetiology which is characterized by irritative voiding symptoms and suprapubic pain related to bladder filling. Surgical treatment is indicated in severely symptomatic patients when medical therapies have failed, usually after a period of several years. The authors' experience with a modified technique of ileocystoplasty following supratrigonal cystectomy performed in five patients with interstitial cystitis is presented here. METHODS: A modified technique of bladder augmentation using ileum following supratrigonal bladder resection is described. RESULTS: All patients experienced relief from their symptoms. No patient had residual bladder pain and urinary frequency settled down in all. Bladder capacity was increased significantly. Three patients voided spontaneously postoperatively and two required clean intermittent self-catheterization. CONCLUSIONS: Supratrigonal cystectomy and ileocystoplasty can be a satisfactory option in refractory cases of interstitial cystitis. A simplified technique of ileal bladder construction that provides satisfactory bladder capacity is presented. Most urologists are familiar with ileal surgery, having used the ileum as a conduit after cystectomy for urinary diversion.     

Combined Modified Rectus Fascial Sling and Augmentation Ileocystoplasty for Neurogenic Incontinence in Women

Purpose

We assessed results of a combined modified rectus fascial sling procedure and augmentation ileocystoplasty in women with neurogenic urinary incontinence.

Materials and Methods

We prospectively evaluated 21 patients (mean followup 28.6 months).

Results

A total of 20 patients (95.2%) was dry during the day on intermittent catheterization and none had difficulty with catheterization. Subsequently surgery was necessary in 1 case for perforation of the augmented bladder.

Conclusions

A combined modified rectus fascial sling procedure and augmentation ileocystoplasty are safe and effective when all available pharmacological treatments and clean intermittent catheterization have failed.     

聚合瓷改良马里兰桥在口腔美容修复中的应用

目的：探讨聚合瓷改良式马里兰桥在单个前牙缺失美容修复中的应用。方法：选择单个前牙缺失病例为操作对象,进行舌侧牙体预备及邻缺隙侧针道预备后,制作马里兰桥修复体,利用聚合瓷材料制作桥体部分,临床试戴后粘固。结果：对11例单个前牙缺失患者进行聚合瓷改良式马里兰桥修复后,经过1年随访,仅出现1例脱落,取得了良好的修复效果。结论：聚合瓷改良式马里兰桥具有美观效果好、磨削牙体组织少、不易变色、易于被患者接受等优点,在临床前牙美容修复中具有较好的应用前景。     

Augmentation ileocystoplasty in patients with neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury or spina bifida

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of augmentation ileocystoplasty for neurogenic bladder. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the effects and complications of augmentation ileocystoplasty in patients with neurogenic bladder due to spinal cord injury (SCI) or spina bifida retrospectively. SETTING: Department of Urology, Kanagawa Rehabilitation Hospital, Japan. METHODS: We have treated 11 patients with neurogenic bladder due to SCI and 10 patients with spinal bifida with augmentation ileocystoplasty since 1989. The purpose of the treatment was to stop vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and/or amelioration of urinary incontinence. In 17 of 21 cases, the antireflux operation was received simultaneously. All cases performed clean intermittent self catheterization postoperatively. RESULTS: Urinary incontinence improved in all cases and only transient recurrence of VUR was observed in the follow-up term. Complications occurred in patients with SCI, but they could be treated conservatively. CONCLUSION: Augmentation ileocystoplasty is a good treatment option for contracted bladder or VUR, which occurs in patients with neurogenic bladder.     

Adenocarcinoma of the bladder 29 years after ileocystoplasty

We report a case of adenocarcinoma found at the bladder site 29 years after ileocystoplasty. The patient was a 43-year-old woman who had undergone a closed-loop type of ileocystoplasty for a small tuberculous contracted bladder when she was 13 years old. The tumor that arose in the bladder site was colonic type adenocarcinoma. Four cases of neoplasm occurring in the ileal portion following ileocystoplasty have been reported in the English and Japanese literature, but no case arising originally in the bladder site has been reported.     

Laplace's law and the risks and prevention of bladder rupture after enterocystoplasty and bladder autoaugmentation

The purpose of this study was to utilize a rat model of bladder augmentation to determine the effect on bladder rupture pressure and volume of bladders augmented using myomyotomy autoaugmentation, intestinal patch ileocystoplasty alone, and a combination of ileocystoplasty and detrusor-myoplasty techniques. Four groups of female rats were studied: 1) sham animals served as controls, 2) ileocystoplasty, 3) autoaugmentation using a myomyotomy technique, and 4) ileocystoplasty reinforced with a rectus muscle flap to envelop the augmented bladder (detrusor-myoplasty). One month after surgery bladder rupture pressure and volume were determined by cystometry. Sham control rats manifested bladder rupture at a mean pressure of 154 ± 43 mmHg and mean volume of 2.5 ± 2.0 ml. Myomyotomy animals demonstrated a diminished mean rupture pressure and rupture volume (101 ± 13 mmHg and 1.2 ± 0.4 ml, respectively) compared to control (both P < 0.05). Ileocystoplasty animals demonstrated bladder rupture at a significantly higher volume of 4.0 ± 1.9 ml than either myomyotomy or control animals (P < 0.05), although rupture pressure of 111 ± 49 mmHg did not differ significantly from control values (P = 0.55). The combination of ileocystoplasty and detrusor-myoplasty yielded a statistically significant increase in rupture pressure (262 ± 108 mmHg) than the other three groups (P < 0.05). Rupture volume in this group of animals did not differ significantly from animals with ileocystoplasty but without detrusor-myoplasty (P = 0.46). Bladder autoaugmentation results in a significantly reduced rupture pressure and volume than noted in the native bladder. Although ileocystoplasty significantly increases bladder capacity, the risk of urinary extravasation is also increased with this technique. The combination of ileocystoplasty and detrusor-myoplasty affords not only an increase in bladder capacity, but also significantly increases rupture pressure and thereby decreases the risk of bladder rupture after bladder augmentation. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

膀胱次全切除回肠扩大膀胱术治疗神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍

目的：探讨肠道扩大膀胱成形术治疗神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍的价值。方法：采用膀胱次全切除、回肠扩大膀胱成形术治疗7例神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍患者。结果：2例术后排尿通畅，剩余尿消失；3例术后曾有排尿困难，经尿道膀胱颈电切后排尿通畅，无尿失禁，最大尿流率分别为27、16和18ml/s；1例术前曾采用经尿道膀胱颈电切术无效，行本手术后剩余尿消失，但仍有尿失禁，后在超声引导下于尿道周围注射硅酮后，尿失禁症状明显改善；余1例术后仍有排尿困难。结论：该手术方法对神经源性膀胱尿道功能障碍是一种可行的治疗方法。     

THE TREATMENT OF INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS WITH SUPRATRIGONAL CYSTECTOMY AND ILEOCYSTOPLASTY: DIFFERENCE IN OUTCOME BETWEEN CLASSIC AND NONULCER DISEASE

Purpose

Interstitial cystitis is a chronic debilitating condition that mainly affects women. Accumulated evidence indicates that interstitial cystitis is a heterogeneous syndrome. The nonulcer type seems to respond less favorably to various conservative treatments than the classic type. Supratrigonal cystectomy with ileocystoplasty is established treatment for interstitial cystitis refractory to conservative treatment. We evaluate whether classic interstitial cystitis responds differently than nonulcer disease to subtotal bladder resection and ileocystoplasty.

Materials and Methods

We evaluated 13 patients 27 to 79 years old with interstitial cystitis who underwent supratrigonal cystectomy and ileocystoplasty due to failure to respond to conservative treatment.

Results

In all 10 patients with classic interstitial cystitis symptoms were relieved after ileocystoplasty. In the 3 patients with nonulcer interstitial cystitis pain remained, while the frequency of voiding somewhat decreased. In these patients trigonal resection and urinary diversion with a Kock pouch resolved the symptoms.

Conclusions

Our study confirms that supratrigonal cystectomy with ileocystoplasty results in a good outcome in classic interstitial cystitis. However, this method seems to be unsuitable for nonulcer disease. Identification of the relevant subtype of interstitial cystitis is of crucial importance for selecting the appropriate method of lower urinary tract reconstruction.     

Carcinogenesis and the use of intestinal segments in the urinary tract

Intestinal conduits appear to have a low risk of malignancy. The increased risk of neoplasia after ureterosigmoidostomy is well known and may be multifactorial. Other forms of urinary reconstruction and diversion may also increase the risk of cancer. The reports of adenocarcinoma after ileocystoplasty are striking, as the intact ileum rarely undergoes malignant change. Long-term surveillance of patients after urinary reconstruction with intestinal segments is therefore mandatory.