Two exercise interventions for the management of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this clinical trial was to evaluate the impact of a 4-month comprehensive protocol of strengthening and flexibility exercises developed by our research group versus conventional exercises for patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) on functional and mobility outcomes. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. Forty-five patients diagnosed with AS according to the modified criteria of New York were allocated to control or experimental groups using a random numbers table. The control group was treated with a conventional protocol of physical therapy in AS, whereas the experimental group was treated with the protocol suggested by our research group. The conventional intervention consisted of 20 exercises: motion and flexibility exercises of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine; stretching of the shortened muscles; and chest expansion exercises. The experimental protocol is based on the postural affectation of the AS and the treatment of the shortened muscle chains in these patients according to the Global Posture Reeducation (GPR) method. This intervention employs specific strengthening and flexibility exercises in which the shortened muscle chains are stretched and strengthened. The study lasted 4 mos. During this period, patients received a weekly group session managed by an experienced physiotherapist. Each session lasted an hour, and there were 15 total sessions. Changes in activity, mobility, and functional capacity were evaluated by an assessor blinded to the intervention, using the following previously validated scores from the Bath group: BASMI (tragus to wall distance, modified Schober test, cervical rotation, lumbar side flexion, and intermalleolar distance), BASDAI (The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), and BASFI (The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index). RESULTS: Both groups showed an improvement (prepost scores) in all the outcome measures, mobility measures of the BASMI index, as well as in BASFI and BASDAI indexes. In the control group, the improvement in tragus to wall distance (P=0.009) and in lumbar side flexion (P=0.02) was statistically significant. Although the rest of the outcomes also improved, they did not reach a significant level (P>0.05). In the experimental group, the improvement in all the clinical measures of the BASMI index (P<0.01) and in the BASFI index (P=0.003) was statistically significant. The intergroup comparison between the improvement (prepost scores) in both groups showed that the experimental group obtained a greater improvement than the control group in all the clinical measures of the BASMI index, except in tragus to wall distance, as well as in the BASFI index. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental protocol developed by our research group, based on the GPR method and specific strengthening and flexibility exercises of the muscle chains, offers promising results in the management of patients suffering from AS. Further trials on this topic are required.     

Bath强直性脊柱炎计量指数量表的信度和敏感度研究

目的:确定Bath强直性脊柱炎计量指数量表在评价强直性脊柱炎患者功能活动受限方面是否具有良好的信度和敏感度。方法:应用Bath强直性脊柱炎计量指数量表(其中包括可较好反映功能状况的颈椎旋转、耳屏至墙距离、侧屈、以改良Scholer's试验为基础的腰椎屈曲和踝间距等5项简单的临床测量项目),对48例强直性脊柱炎患者进行了量表评定。结果:重复测试间无显著差异,变异系数(CV)为2.49%—7.22%(P>0.05);测试者信度较好,相关系数(r)为0.95—0.98(P<0.05);表明Bath强直性脊柱炎计量指数量表对治疗效果改变具有较好的敏感性(P<0.05)。结论:Bath强直性脊柱炎计量指数量表具有较好的信度和可重复性,对强直性脊柱炎的功能状况改变敏感且测量和评定耗时较少。     

中药熏蒸配合功能锻炼在早期强直性脊柱炎康复治疗中的应用

目的探讨中药熏蒸配合功能锻炼在早期强直性脊柱炎患者康复护理中的应用效果。方法40例早期强直性脊柱炎患者随机分为对照组与治疗组,各20例。对照组采用口服药物治疗,配合护理护理措施;治疗组在对照组基础上增加中药熏蒸联合功能锻炼。比较2组患者的Bath强直性脊柱炎病情活动性指数(BASDAI)、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(BASFI)、晨僵时间、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。结果治疗后,2组BASDAI和BASFI评分均较治疗前下降,晨僵时间均较治疗前缩短,且治疗组BASDAI评分、BASFI评分和晨僵时间改善优于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后,2组ESR和CRP水平较治疗前下降,且治疗组ESR和CRP水平低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论在常规药物治疗的基础上,配合中药熏洗和功能锻炼可进一步改善早期强直性脊柱炎患者的炎性指标、肢体功能和日常生活质量。     

来氟米特治疗强直性脊柱炎的疗效观察

目的观察来氟米特治疗强直性脊柱炎的疗效和安全性。方法53例强直性脊柱炎患者给予来氟米特治疗,并随访6月,分别在治疗前、治疗后3个月、6个月记录患者症状、体征、AS活动指数(BASDAI)、AS功能指数(BASFI)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)、C-反应蛋白浓度(CRP)。结果在治疗后与治疗前比较,患者的腰背痛、晨僵时间均改善,指地距、BASDAI、BASFI、ESR、CRP均下降(P<0.05);枕壁距、扩胸度、Schober试验改善无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不良反应主要为胃肠道症状和肝功能异常。结论来氟米特治疗强直性脊柱炎有较好的疗效,不良反应轻,易耐受。     

Assessment of functional ability in younger and older patients with ankylosing spondylitis: performance of the bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) is applicable in older patients with ankylosing spondylitis and whether it shows major differences between younger and older patients with ankylosing spondylitis. DESIGN: BASFI total scores and every BASFI item of 202 patients with ankylosing spondylitis aged >or=60 yr (group A) and 267 patients with ankylosing spondylitis aged 相似文献   

Effects of Multidisciplinary Team-Based Nurse-led Transitional Care on Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Life in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of transitional care by a nurse-led multidisciplinary team (MDT) on clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.MethodsA randomized control study design was used. Subjects were allocated randomly to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received intensive transitional care by a nurse-led MDT, whereas the control group received routine nursing care. Disease activity, spinal mobility, comprehensive function, health service utilization, and quality of life were assessed at the baseline and at six months with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), a health service utilization questionnaire and version 2 of the Short Form-36 health survey.ResultsCompared with the baseline, the BASDAI, BASFI, emergency visits, hospitalizations, hospitalization days, and bodily pain, vitality, mental health, total score, and average score of version 2 of the Short Form-36 health survey were improved in the experimental group (p < .05), whereas only bodily pain, vitality, and role-emotional were improved in the control group (p < .05). At six months, the experimental group exhibited significantly more improvement on the BASDAI, BASFI, hospitalizations, all domains except Role-physical as well as total score and average score (p < .05) compared with the control group.ConclusionA MDT-based nurse-led transitional care improves clinical outcomes and quality of life of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Future research should be carried out on modes of follow-up and family support.     

康复训练对强直性脊柱炎患者功能状态的影响

目的:探讨康复训练对强直性脊柱炎患者功能状态的影响。方法:随机将72例强直性脊柱炎分为康复组与对照组,康复组采用药物治疗同时辅助功能训练,对照组采用单纯药物治疗,治疗前后,以国际通用的毕氏强直性脊柱炎功能指数表对两组患者功能状态进行评估。结果:康复组患者功能指数改善明显优于对照组。结论:康复训练对强直性脊柱炎患者功能恢复有显著作用,应加强对强直性脊柱炎患者功能的系统训练。     

Postural control is altered in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Background

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can lead to increased axial and peripheral joint stiffness, impairing joint mobility. Impaired axial mobility due to vertebral ankylosis may result in changes in standing postural control. Little research has addressed changes in standing postural control in the ankylosing spondylitis population, nor how these issues might affect clinical understanding and treatment.

Methods

Sixteen ankylosing spondylitis patients, and 17 healthy controls participated. Each individual completed two 120-second quiet standing trials with eyes open and eyes closed, while standing upon two force platforms. Net center of pressure displacement and mean power frequency in the frontal and sagittal planes were calculated. A Spearman's rank correlation analysis was performed between net center of pressure measures and several clinical measures of disease activity.

Findings

Frontal plane net center of pressure displacement and frequency content, and sagittal plane net center of pressure displacement were significantly greater within the ankylosing spondylitis patient group. Ankylosing spondylitis patients demonstrated a significant increase in frontal plane net center of pressure displacement in the eyes-closed condition. Net center of pressure displacement and frequency were significantly correlated to the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, and individual components of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index.

Interpretation

Quiet standing postural control was altered particularly so in the frontal plane in patients with ankylosing spondylitis, which may be associated with increased fall risk. Posturographic measures of postural control may serve as valuable clinical tools for the monitoring of disease progression and disease status in ankylosing spondylitis.     

依那西普联合沙利度胺治疗强直性脊柱炎的临床研究

目的评价肿瘤坏死因子抑制剂依那西普联合沙利度胺治疗强直性脊柱炎（AS）的临床疗效和安全性。方法应用依那西普治疗52例AS患者,25mg／次,每周1次,疗程12周,同时加用沙利度胺50—100mg每晚一次,记录治疗前后患者的症状、体征、AS疾病活动指数（BASDAI）、AS的功能指数（BASFI）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）及C-反应蛋白（CRP）等实验室指标及不良反应。结果依那西普治疗后患者的脊柱痛与夜间痛程度、晨僵时间均改善,指地距、BASDAI、BASFI均下降,与治疗前比较均有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。最常见的不良反应主要是注射部位反应和上呼吸道感染。结论依那西普联合沙利度胺对AS有显著的临床疗效,无严重不良反应。     

驻闽部队126例强直性脊柱炎患者的生存质量研究

目的：探讨驻闽部队AS患者生存质量的变化及生存质量下降的相关因素。方法：对126例驻闽部队AS患者的生存质量进行测评,内容包括国际通用健康状况调查问卷生存质量测定量表简表（WHOQOL—BREF）、BASDAI、BASFI及BathAS总体指数（BAS-G）、Zung编制的焦虑自评量表（SAS）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）,并进行相关分析。结果：①126例AS患者生存质量总分〈60分97例（77．0％）,i〉60分29例（23．0％）,其生活环境、生理功能、心理状态、社会关系、自我健康评价5个领域小于16分者分别占87．5％、87．5％、71．1％、57．0％、94．5％;②SAS和SDS标准分均高于我国常模（P〈0．01）,有焦虑、抑郁情绪的患者分别占46．8％、56．3％;③AS患者生存质量及各维度平均积分与SAS和SDS标准分、BASDAI、BAS—G、BASFI评分呈负相关（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论：驻闽部队AS患者的生存质量严重下降,部分患者出现焦虑抑郁情绪,生存质量严重下降与疾病活动、焦虑、抑郁情绪等密切相关。     

Assessment of spinal mobility in ankylosing spondylitis using a video-based motion capture system

This paper describes the use of a video-based motion capture system to assess spinal mobility in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). The aim of the study is to assess reliability of the system comparing it with conventional metrology in order to define and analyze new measurements that reflect better spinal mobility. A motion capture system (UCOTrack) was used to measure spinal mobility in forty AS patients and twenty healthy subjects with a marker set defining 33 3D measurements, some already being used in conventional metrology. Radiographic studies were scored using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score index (mSASSS). Test–retest reliability studies were performed on the same day and over a two-week period. Motion capture shows very high reliability with Intraclass Correlation Coefficient values ranging from 0.89 to 0.99, low Standard Error of the Measurement (0.37–1.33 cm and 1.58°–6.54°), correlating very well with the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) (p < 0.001) and, in some individual measures (cervical flexion, cervical lateral flexion, back inclination, shoulder–hip angle and spinal rotation), with mSASSS (p < 0.01). mSASSS also added significantly to the variance in multivariate linear regression analysis to certain measures (back inclination, cervical flexion and cervical lateral flexion). Quantitative results obtained with motion capture system using the protocol defined show to be highly reliable in patients with AS. This technique could be a useful tool for assessing the outcome of the disease and for monitoring the evolution of spinal mobility in AS patients.     

Structural damage and motion rhythm of the spine and hip during trunk lateral bending in ankylosing spondylitis patients with mild to moderate radiographic signs

BackgroundAnkylosing spondylitis causes structural damage and motion restriction in spine. The study was designed to assess structural damage and incoordination pattern between the spine and hip during trunk lateral bending in ankylosing spondylitis.MethodsTwenty-three healthy adults and 39 adults with ankylosing spondylitis were recruited from a tertiary care medical centre. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis were divided into two subgroups: sacroiliitis or lumbar-level syndesmophytes (n = 27) and thoracic or cervical-level syndesmophytes (n = 12). An inertia motion system was used to record three-dimensional kinematic data during trunk lateral bending.FindingsSignificant differences were observed in lumbar spine syndesmophyte scores, sacroiliitis severity and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index between the subgroups. The cervical supraspinous ligaments thickness revealed difference between the ankylosing spondylitis and control group, but the Glasgow Ultrasound Enthesitis Scoring System did not revealed difference. Motion analysis revealed that the ankylosing spondylitis group had a larger hip, cervical rotation and smaller lumbar-hip rhythm than the control group; however, the other motions of the spine and hip were smaller. The sacroiliitis or lumbar-level syndesmophytes group had the largest thoracic rotation among the three groups.InterpretationThe different lumbar-hip rhythm between ankylosing spondylitis patients depends on syndesmophyte formation levels. Cervical rotation, the Schober test, the chest expansion test, and lumbar–hip rhythm can indicate the levels of bone damage in ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical examination of ankylosing spondylitis should include kinematic measures of both the spine and hips in the early disease stage.     

Relationship between Vitamin D levels and pain and disease activity in patients with newly diagnosed axial spondyloarthritis

ObjectivesTo explore the relationship between Vitamin D levels and pain and disease activity in patients with newly diagnosed axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodsA convenience sample of 131 newly diagnosed axSpA patients and 60 healthy controls was recruited from July 2016 to December 2018. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was measured to assess vitamin D levels. Disease activity was assessed by objective indicators [Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI)], patient-reported questionnaires [the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI)]. Pain intensity and interference were also assessed.ResultsVitamin D insufficiency [serum 25(OH) D levels<50 nmol/L]was found in 46 (35.1%) and 25 (43.3%) of the axSpA patients and the healthy controls, respectively. Female patients had higher risk (OR:4.928; 95% CI: 1.921–12.642) for vitamin D insufficiency than male patients. Vitamin D was positively correlated with CRP, ESR level, the BASFI, and the BASMI. Logistic regression showed that vitamin D levels were not associated with pain, or disease activity in the newly diagnosed axSpA patients. Gender was the only predictive variable for vitamin D levels.ConclusionsVitamin D insufficiency was prevalent in both newly diagnosed axSpA patients and healthy controls. There was no association between vitamin D and pain and disease activity in the newly diagnosed axSpA patients. Monitoring vitamin D levels is important and early intervention for vitamin D insufficiency is needed, especially in female patients.     

补肾化淤汤治疗强直性脊柱炎肾虚血瘀证的效果及对患者疾病活动程度、BASFI评分的影响

目的 探讨补肾化淤汤治疗强直性脊柱炎(AS)肾虚血瘀证的效果及对患者疾病活动程度、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(BASFI)评分的影响.方法 选取2018年6月至2020年12月我院接收的86例AS肾虚血瘀证患者进行研究,以治疗方案将其分为对照组与观察组,各43例.对照组采取常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上加施补...     

The relationship of clinical and laboratory measurements to two different radiological scoring methods in ankylosing spondylitis

Two different methods for scoring the severity of radiological changes in 19 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, using plain X-rays of the lumbar spine and sacroiliac (SI) joints, were assessed in relation to clinical and laboratory measurements. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index (BASRI) and Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (SASSS) were used to evaluate radiologic changes. Disease activity was assessed using Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). There was no correlation between duration of morning stiffness, night pain, laboratory variables (ESR, CRP, hemoglobin, platelets) and any of the radiological scores. No significant correlation was found between BASDAI and both of the radiological scores. BASRI and SASSS correlated significantly with occiput-to-wall distance, Schober test, and finger-to-fibula distance. There was no significant correlation of radiologic scores with finger-to-floor distance and chest expansion. Right and left SI joint scores correlated significantly with BASRI and SASSS. The good correlation between spinal indexes and lack of correlation between clinical indicators of disease activity supports the notion that these two radiological scoring methods are measures of disease severity or deformity rather than disease activity. Radiological scoring methods are fundamental for the diagnosis and progression in AS and BASRI may be a more practical and appropriate method.     

Effectiveness of Exercise Programs in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of exercise programs on disease activity and function in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

强直性脊柱炎患者外周血T细胞亚群表达的临床意义

目的 探讨强直性脊柱炎(AS)患者外周血中T细胞亚群分布以及在AS细胞免疫中所发挥的作用.方法 采用流式细胞技术检测30例未经治疗的活动期AS患者及30例健康对照人群外周血中的CD4+、CD8+T细胞亚群,并探讨其与Bath AS功能指数(BASFI)、Bath AS测量指数(BASMI)、病程、年龄及血沉(ESR)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的相关性.结果 AS患者CD4+水平和CD4+/CD8+比值分别为(29.24±9.22)%和0.96±0.49,较正常对照组的(40.09±6.86)%和1.70±0.67显著降低(P均＜0.01);CD8+水平为(32.91±6.86)%,较正常对照组的(25.60±5.97)%明显增高(P＜0.01);AS患者外周血CD4+水平与BASMI呈负相关(r=-0.479,P＜0.01).CD8+与血沉、hs-CRP、BASFI、BASMI呈正相关(r值分别为0.373、0.430、0.462、0.530,P均＜0.05).CD4+/CD8+比值与hs-CRP、BASFI、BASMI呈负相关(r值分别为-0.465、-0.473、-0.426,P均＜0.05).CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+比值与AS患者的年龄、病程均无明显相关性(P均＞0.05).结论 AS患者外周血存在T淋巴细胞亚群紊乱,其水平与AS的严重程度、活动性有关,提示T细胞亚群失衡在AS的发生发展中具有重要意义.     

Fatigue in ankylosing spondylitis.

OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on fatigue in ankylosing spondylitis (AS), the tools of its measurement, relation with the other parameters of the disease, treatment and its relation with exercises. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medline, Embase, Pascal and Cochrane library databases were searched with the keywords fatigue, spondyloarthropathy, ankylosing spondylitis, evaluation, assessment, outcome, exercise, and rehabilitation. A total of 21 papers were reviewed. RESULTS: Fatigue is a frequent complaint of patients with AS. It is assessed mainly on a visual analog scale and is one of the parameters of the disease activity index Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index BASDAI. Fatigue has a strong relation with the other symptoms of AS (stiffness and pain). It is negatively influenced by sleep disorders. Quality of life of these patients is considerably reduced. Anti-TNF therapy seem to ameliorate fatigue more than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. Regular physical activity is recommended to help alleviate the fatigue. DISCUSSION: No valid, relevant composite tool of multidimensional and multifactorial characters exists to assess fatigue in AS. Treatment such as anti-TNF therapy may facilitate rehabilitation. Regular physical activity helps alleviate fatigue and improves quality of life.     

系统健康教育对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能和生活质量的影响

目的:探讨系统健康教育对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能和生活质量的影响。方法:将52例强直性脊柱炎患者随机分为观察组30例和对照组22例。对照组采用常规护理,观察组给予系统健康教育。分别于治疗前后,以毕氏强直性脊柱炎功能指数表(BASFI)和生活质量核心表(QOL-C30)对两组患者的关节功能和生活质量进行评定。结果:观察组BASFI表功能指数评分高于对照组(P<0.01),躯体功能、社会功能、心理功能评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:系统健康教育对强直性脊柱炎患者关节功能恢复和提高患者生活质量作用显著。     

206例强直性脊柱炎患者综合工作能力研究

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎（AS）患者疾病活动性与综合工作能力（comprehensive work ability,CWA）的关系。方法采用问卷法对强直性脊柱炎患者（AS组）206例及正常对照组206例的CWA进行测评,同时计算观察对象的Bath强直脊柱炎疾病活动指数（BASDAI）、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数（BASFI）、强直性脊柱炎整体指数（BAS—G）,并填写焦虑自评量表（SAS）及抑郁自评量表（SDS）。结果①AS组CWA指数（comprehensive work abilityindex,CWAI）明显低于正常对照组,32．5±8．6VS55．1±6．9（P〈0．01）;②AS组sAS和SDS值超过正常对照组（66．1±9．3）分VS（45．4±7）分（P〈0．05）;（61．8±11．4）分VS（41．9±8．3）分（P〈0．05）;③AS疾病活动指数（BASDAI,BASFI,BAS-AG）和CwAI呈负相关（r=0．326、-0．407、-0．371,P〈0．05）;④AS组的抑郁状态与焦虑状态（SDS值和SAS值）和CWAI呈负相关（r=0．296、-0．249,均P〈0．05）。结论AS患者的CWA下降,CWA下降与疾病活动、焦虑及抑郁相关。