美国住院病人髋膝关节置换术后谵妄发生率及危险因素

目的 探讨基于大样本量的髋膝关节置换(TJA)术后谵妄的发生率及危险因素.方法 基于2005～2014年美国的全国住院病人样本(NIS)数据库进行了回顾性分析.分别纳入并分析行全髋关节置换术(THA)和全膝关节置换术(TKA)且在2005～2014年NIS数据库中信息完整的病例.排除年龄不足18岁、急诊入院、合并骨骼感...     

Bilateral renal vein thrombosis in a twin newborn without known risk factors

Neonatal renal vein thrombosis (RVT) is associated with neonatal stress, catheters and genetic prothrombotic risk factors. In an unusual case of bilateral RVT a twin newborn showed initial good adaptation at birth (weight 2,720 g). The placenta was monochorionic, diamnionic. The infant (gestational week 37) exhibited a severe macrohematuria within 24 hours after birth. Sonography of the kidneys showed a dense cortical parenchyma, loss of cortico-medullary differentiation and negative diastolic flow in both renal arteries and veins, while no thrombus in the main renal veins could be detected. No prothrombotic blood parameters and positive infection serology were detected. Because of acute renal failure peritoneal dialysis was necessary for 6 weeks. The patient was treated by heparinization for 5 days. Interestingly, it was kidney biopsy which confirmed the diagnosis of RVT in addition to the clinical presentation, whereas sonography was unspecific. Histology exhibited the picture of an ischemic contracted kidney with numerous siderophages. At present (age 19 months), the patient suffers from chronic renal failure (calculated glomerular filtration rate according to Schwartz 12 ml/min/1.73 m2). In conclusion, our case teaches that, despite the lack of a clinically obvious shock event, absence of known risk factors and indirect ultrasound findings, renal vein thrombosis should be considered in a macrohematuric newborn with renal failure. For clinical suspicion of RVT correct therapy was initiated, however, the diagnosis remained unclear until a renal biopsy was performed.     

Incidence and risk factors of delirium in the elderly general surgical patient

Background

This study evaluates the incidence of delirium and risk factors associated with delirium in elderly patients admitted to a general surgical ward.

Methods

Patients aged over 60 years who were admitted with an acute or elective general surgical diagnosis were eligible for this prospective cohort study. Risk factors associated with delirium were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis to identify those independently associated with delirium.

Results

A total of 209 patients were included in the study. The incidence of delirium was 16.9% (23.2% for acute admission, P < .001). Variables associated with delirium were dementia, presence of an urinary catheter, cognitive decline at admission measured with the mini-mental state examination, white blood cell count >10.0 × 10⁹/L, and urea >7.5 mmol/L. Median length of hospital stay was 13 days (range 3–85) for patients with delirium versus 7 (range 1–54) for patients without (P = .002).

Conclusions

The incidence of delirium is high in elderly patients, especially after an acute admission, leading to an increase in length of hospital stay. To minimize delirium, associated risk factors must be identified and, if possible, treated.     

Probable risk factors for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing spinal surgery

Postoperative delirium and its risk factors had been widely reported in several kinds of surgeries; however, there is only one known article relative to postoperative delirium in spinal surgery. We retrospectively examined the incidence of postoperative delirium and the probable risk factors in patients undergoing spinal surgery in our hospital, with the same aged non-delirium patients as controls, over a 6-month period. Studies about postoperative delirium were reviewed and referenced for variable factors collecting in our study. T tests, χ ² test and logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the various factors related to postoperative delirium. A total of 18 patients (3.3%), all of them were aged 54 years or older, had postoperative delirium after surgery. Patients without postoperative delirium aged 54 years or older served as the control group. The percentage of patients older than 65 years (P = 0.003), with comorbid diseases such as diabetes mellitus (P = 0.042) or central nervous system disorders (P = 0.013), with a surgical history (P = 0.028) in delirium group was larger than the control group. The absolute number of medications being taken before the operation in the delirium patients was also more than the control group (P = 0.000). The percentage of patients transfused with 800 mL or more blood was also larger (P = 0.024) in delirium group was larger than the control group. Logistic regression analysis showed that central nervous system disorder (OR 6.480), surgical history (OR 3.499), age older than 65 years (OR 3.390), diabetes mellitus (OR 2.981), transfused 800 mL or more blood (OR 2.537), and hemoglobin less than 100 g/L (OR 0.281) were significantly related to the occurrence postoperative delirium. Our findings suggest that postoperative delirium in spinal surgery can also occurred in younger patients and with an acceptable incidence in total. The risk for postoperative delirium is multifactorial. More prospective research is necessary in order to evaluate these and other risk factors in greater detail.     

老年患者腰椎术后谵妄发病率及相关因素分析

[目的]对老年患者腰椎术后谵妄的发病率及相关因素进行分析.[方法]回顾性分析2009年1月～2011年6月在本院因腰椎退行性疾病接受手术的114例患者(≥70岁)的病例资料,将术后谵妄发病与既往病史、手术时间、术中输血、输血量、融合节段数以及实验室数据等因素进行相关性研究.[结果]腰椎术后共有13例患者出现谵妄,发病率为11.4％,既往有呼吸系统疾病的患者术后谵妄发病率较高(P=0.043),与对照组相比,谵妄组患者术后血红蛋白(P＜0.001)、术前/术后红细胞压积(P=0.013/0.005)及术后白蛋白(P =0.002)均偏低.[结论]术后谵妄高发于老年患者中既往有呼吸系统疾病的患者,同时术后血红蛋白、红细胞压积、白蛋白偏低与术后谵妄发病有明显的相关性.     

Incidence and risk factors for early postoperative reintubations

Study objectiveReintubations are associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality, increased hospital length of stay, and increased cost. Our aim was to assess the national incidence and associated risk factors for unanticipated early postoperative reintubations.DesignUsing the National Anesthesia Clinical Outcomes Registry (NACOR) from 2010 to 2014, multivariate logistic regression was fitted to determine if various patient, surgical, intraoperative, or provider data were associated with unanticipated early postoperative reintubations.SettingNACOR from 2010 to 2014.PatientsA total of 2,970,904 cases were included. Multivariate analysis controlled for patient age, sex, and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status.InterventionsNone.MeasurementsWe report odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the relative odds of an association of predictor variable with reintubations.Main resultsThe incidence of unanticipated early postoperative reintubations from the NACOR database was 0.061%. Overall, reintubations were more likely in the extremes of age (age under 1 year had OR = 3.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.64-4.52 and age 80 + has OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.50-2.15 when compared with age 19-49 years), patients with ASA Physical Status 3 and 4 (OR = 4.06, 95% CI = 3.38-4.86 and OR = 8.65, 95% CI = 7.11-10.52, respectively, when compared with ASA 1), longer case duration (180-360 minutes OR = 13.87, 95% CI = 10.7-17.98 when compared with cases less than 60 minute duration), and cases that had a resident trainee present (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.03-1.44 when compared with no resident present). Thoracic and vascular surgical procedures had the highest rates of reintubation when compared with general surgery (OR = 3.47, 95% CI = 2.81-4.28 and OR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.24-1.82, respectively).ConclusionsA number of risk factors correlate with an increased risk of unanticipated early postoperative reintubations, including extremes of age, patients with greater medical comorbidities, longer operations, and patients undergoing thoracic procedures.     

膝关节置换术患者术后谵妄危险因素的Meta分析

目的:系统评价膝关节置换术（knee arthroplasty, KA）患者发生术后谵妄（postoperative delirium, POD）的危险因素。方法:计算机检索中国知网、万方数据知识服务平台、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、the Cochrane Library、Web of Science...     

创伤性休克病人术后谵妄的临床相关因素分析

目的:探讨创伤性休克病人术后谵妄的临床相关影响因素。方法 :选择急诊手术的创伤性休克病人50例,男31例,女19例,年龄19～68岁。术前、术后12 h及术后第1、2、3天随访病人,用意识模糊谵妄评定法进行谵妄评估。记录病人血乳酸、血糖、颈内静脉血氧饱和度、血肌酐、血尿素氮和血半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C浓度值,检测术中失血量及术后谵妄的发生情况,建立数据库。根据是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和对照组。结果:发生术后谵妄23例,发生率为46%。多因素logistic逐步回归分析发现病人年龄大、高乳酸血症、高血糖、颈内静脉血氧饱和度降低、急性肾功能损伤及术中失血量大均是谵妄的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:年龄大、高乳酸血症、高血糖、颈内静脉血氧饱和度降低、急性肾功能损伤及术中大量失血为创伤性休克病人术后谵妄的危险因素。     

老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄发生的危险因素分析

目的：探讨老年患者脊柱手术后谵妄的危险因素。方法：回顾性分析自 2021 年 1 月至 2023 年 1 月在全麻下行脊柱手术 566 例患者的基本病例资料,其中男 296 例,女 270 例;年龄(71.58±4.21)岁;颈椎手术 195 例,胸椎手术 26 例,腰椎手术 345 例。根据术后是否出现谵妄分为术后谵妄组 41 例与无谵妄组 525 例。对患者的性别、年龄、体重、吸烟史、饮酒史、手术部位、术前焦虑、术中低血压次数、失血量等可能影响因素进行单因素分析,并对 P<0.05 的单因素采用二元 Logistic 回归进行多因素分析。结果：术后谵妄者 41 例,单因素分析显示,年龄(P=0.000)、手术时间(P=0.039)、术前焦虑(P=0.001)、失血量(P=0.000)、阿片类药物使用史(P=0.003)、脑卒中病史(P=0.005)、术后 C 反应蛋白(P=0.000)、术后钠离子(P=0.000)在谵妄组与非谵妄组间差异有统计学意义。将上述因素纳入二元 Logistic 回归分析,结果显示:年龄[OR=0.729,95%CI(0.569,0.932),P=0.012]、阿片类药物使用[OR=21.500,95%CI(1.334,346.508),P=0.031]、失血量[OR=0.932,95%CI (0.875,0.993),P=0.029]、术后 C 反应蛋白[OR=0.657,95%CI (0.485,0.890),P=0.007]、术前焦虑[OR=23.143,95%CI (1.859,288.090),P=0.015]、术后钠离子[OR=1.228,95%CI (1.032,1.461),P=0.020]是老年患者脊柱手术术后发生谵妄的独立危险因素。结论：年龄、阿片类药物使用、失血量、术前焦虑、C 反应蛋白升高、低钠血症是老年患者脊柱手术术后谵妄发生的独立危险因素。     

Low social support is associated with an increased risk of postoperative delirium

Study ObjectiveTo examine the predictive value of social support in postoperative delirium.DesignProspective observational study.SettingPostoperative recovery room and orthopedic surgery department.Patients106 consecutive patients undergoing a planned orthopedic surgery with general anesthesia.MeasurementsAll patients completed questionnaires to assess depressive mood (the Beck Depression Inventory) and social support (Sarason's Social Support Questionnaire) during the preanesthesia visit. Postoperative delirium symptoms were assessed daily using the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale. Demographic, clinical, and biological data, including anesthesia procedure, were recorded.Main ResultsControlling for various potential confounders through multivariate binary logistic regression, postoperative delirium was independently predicted by satisfaction with social support, but neither by depressive mood nor the number of supportive persons. Other significant predictors were the preoperative use of benzodiazepines, age, and type of surgery.ConclusionPatients who report low satisfaction with social support may present with a particular vulnerability to postoperative delirium, even after controlling for physical confounding variables and depressive mood.     

膝关节置换患者术后谵妄的危险因素分析

目的探讨60岁以上膝关节置换患者术后谵妄的危险因素。方法选择择期行单侧膝关节置换术患者369例,男73例,女296例,年龄60岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。诱导前所有患者均在神经刺激器定位下行股神经阻滞,给予0.4%罗哌卡因25ml后置入连续股神经置管用于术后镇痛,术中采用静-吸复合全麻。术后3d内每天两次使用ICU专用谵妄评估表(confusion assessment method-intensive care unit,CAM-ICU)评估患者是否发生谵妄并记录术后非谵妄并发症发生情况。以是否发生谵妄分组,筛选出术后谵妄的可能危险因素,包括术中使用静脉麻醉药物种类、性别、年龄、文化程度;术前合并高血压、冠心病、心律失常、脑卒中、呼吸道疾病、糖尿病、肾功能异常,术前ASA分级;术中出血、术中输血、总输血量;术后疼痛程度及术后是否使用哌替啶。将所有观察因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果本研究中有62例患者(16.8%)在术后3d内发生谵妄。患者年龄增高(OR=2.116,P=0.035)、受教育程度低(OR=0.091,P0.001)、术前合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)(OR=12.500,P=0.002)、ASA分级(OR=22.333,P=0.005)、总输血量增加(OR=4.500,P0.001)以及术后使用哌替啶(OR=22.372,P=0.001)为患者发生术后谵妄的独立危险因素。结论 60岁以上患者年龄、受教育程度、术前合并COPD、ASA分级、总输血量和术后使用哌替啶为患者发生术后谵妄的独立危险因素。     

高原患者髋关节置换术后谵妄的危险因素分析

目的 探讨全麻下行髋关节置换术的高原患者发生术后谵妄（POD）的危险因素。
方法 选择择期行全麻髋关节置换术的高原患者1 010例,男373例,女637例,年龄24～76岁,BMI 19.0～34.7 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ—Ⅲ级。根据术后7 d内是否发生谵妄分为两组：POD组和非POD组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析确定行髋关节置换术的高原患者发生POD的相关危险因素。
结果 术后7 d内有120例（11.9%）患者发生POD。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄（每增加10岁,OR=2.106,95%CI 1.616～2.745,P<0.001）、脑梗死病史（OR=9.712,95%CI 3.620～26.055,P<0.001）、术后中重度疼痛（OR=6.826,95%CI 2.991～15.578,P<0.001）以及常居海拔高度3 500～4 500 m（OR=2.844,95%CI 1.448～5.587,P=0.002）和高原红细胞增多症（OR=5.374,95%CI 3.900～7.404,P<0.001）是发生POD的危险因素。
结论 年龄、脑梗死病史、术后中重度疼痛以及常居海拔高度3 500～4 500 m和高原红细胞增多症是高原患者全麻下髋关节置换发生POD的危险因素。     

Incidence and risk factors for preincision hypotension in a noncardiac pediatric surgical population

Background: Routine monitoring of blood pressure is an essential part of perioperative care in adults and children. It is however not known whether intraoperative hypotension (IOH) is clinically important in the ‘healthy’ pediatric patient. This may be partly due to the lack of data on the incidence and consequences of IOH in this group of patients. We utilized the Brain Trauma Foundation definition of hypotension to describe the incidence of preincision hypotension (PIH) in a large pediatric noncardiac surgical population and identified risk factors for the occurrence PIH. Methods: We examined the electronic perioperative records of all children aged 1–17 years undergoing general anesthesia for noncardiac surgeries between January 2005 and June 2007 in our institution. Frequency and factors associated with PIH were computed. Binary logistic regression with forward step‐wise algorithm was used to examine factors associated with PIH. Results: There were 22 263 children of whom 57.6% were males. Most (94.9%) cases were elective, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I–II (79.5%) procedures. Inhalational induction was predominantly used in this cohort (67%) although 33% of patients had propofol either as a sole induction agent or as part of a ‘co‐induction’ regime. Single or multiple episodes of PIH occurred in 35.8% of patients. PIH was more common in patients with ASA ≥ III (P < 0.001); those with preoperative hypotension (P < 0.001); and following intravenous induction (P < 0.001) as well as propofol co‐induction (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis the following were significant predictors of PIH: baseline hypotension, propofol co‐induction, age, ASA ≥ III, and long preincision period. Conclusion: Preincision hypotension is common in the pediatric surgical population undergoing general anesthesia. Factors independently predictive of PIH included high ASA status, pre‐existing hypotension, propofol co‐induction prolonged preincision period and adolescent age group. The importance of blood pressure monitoring, prompt recognition of hypotension and use of appropriate intervention is emphasized.     

Incidence and predictive risk factors of postoperative sepsis in orthopedic trauma patients

Background

Postoperative sepsis is associated with high mortality and the national costs of septicemia exceed those of any other diagnosis. While numerous studies in the basic orthopedic science literature suggest that traumatic injuries facilitate the development of sepsis, it is currently unclear whether orthopedic trauma patients are at increased risk. The purpose of this study was thus to assess the incidence of sepsis and determine the risk factors that significantly predicted septicemia following orthopedic trauma surgery.

Materials and methods

56,336 orthopedic trauma patients treated between 2006 and 2013 were identified in the ACS-NSQIP database. Documentation of postoperative sepsis/septic shock, demographics, surgical variables, and preoperative comorbidities was collected. Chi-squared analyses were used to assess differences in the rates of sepsis between trauma and nontrauma groups. Binary multivariable regressions identified risk factors that significantly predicted the development of postoperative septicemia in orthopedic trauma patients.

Results

There was a significant difference in the overall rates of both sepsis and septic shock between orthopedic trauma (1.6%) and nontrauma (0.5%) patients (p < 0.001). For orthopedic trauma patients, ventilator use (OR = 15.1, p = 0.002), history of pain at rest (OR = 2.8, p = 0.036), and prior sepsis (OR = 2.6, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with septicemia. Statistically predictive, modifiable comorbidities included hypertension (OR = 2.1, p = 0.003) and the use of corticosteroids (OR = 2.1, p = 0.016).

Conclusions

There is a significantly greater incidence of postoperative sepsis in the trauma cohort. Clinicians should be aware of these predictive characteristics, may seek to counsel at-risk patients, and should consider addressing modifiable risk factors such as hypertension and corticosteroid use preoperatively. Level of evidence Level III.

     

高龄患者髋关节置换术后谵妄的发生率及危险因素分析

目的 探讨行髋关节置换术的高龄患者术后谵妄的发生率及危险因素.方法 选择2009年9月至2010年2月,择期行髋关节置换术患者120例.术前访视患者,术后当天,术后1、2、3d密切随访患者,用谵妄评定法进行谵妄评估.记录患者一般情况、病史、合并症、手术时间、术中失血量、术中输库存血量、术后疼痛评分及谵妄的发生情况,建立数据库.根据是否发生谵妄分为谵妄组和对照组.结果 术后发生谵妄28例,发生率为23.33%.多因素Logistic逐步回归分析高龄、术前合并肺心病、术前合并肺部感染、全身麻醉、术后低氧血症为谵妄的危险因素(P＜0.05).结论 高龄、术前合并肺心病、术前合并肺部感染、全身麻醉、术后低氧血症是术后谵妄的独立危险因素.     

Incidence and risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications in elective intracranial surgery

OBJECT: It has been shown that craniotomy may lead to a decrease in lung volumes and arterial blood gas tensions as well as a change in the respiratory pattern. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and the mortality rate in patients who have undergone elective craniotomy and to evaluate the associations between preoperative and postoperative variables and PPCs in this population. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-six patients were followed up based on a protocol including a clinical questionnaire, physical examination and observation of clinical characteristics in the preoperative period, type of surgery performed, duration of surgery, time spent in the intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital, and the occurrence of any PPCs. RESULTS: Postoperative pulmonary complications occurred in 58 patients (24.6%) and 23 other patients (10%) died. Predicting factors for PPCs according to multivariate analyses were as follows: type of surgery performed (p < 0.0001), prolonged mechanical ventilation >or= 48 hours (p < 0.0001), time spent in the ICU > 3 days (p < 0.0001), decrease in level of consciousness (p < 0.002), duration of surgery >or= 300 minutes (p < 0.01), and previous chronic lung disease (p < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence from March 2003 to March 2005 of PPCs in patients who had undergone craniotomy was 25% and death occurred in 10%. Some risk factors for PPCs may be predicted such as the type of surgery performed, prolonged mechanical ventilation, a longer time in the ICU, a decreased level of consciousness, duration of surgery, and previous chronic lung disease.