CT尿路成像和IVU检查诊断泌尿系统疾病的比较研究

目的 比较CT尿路成像(CTU)和IVU检查诊断泌尿系统疾病的准确率,探讨临床上CTU取代IVU的可能性.方法 CTU检查泌尿系统疾病患者165例.男111例,女54例.平均年龄42(18～71)岁.肾输尿管结石75例、肾盂输尿管连接处畸形30例、膀胱癌30例、肾盂旁囊肿和肾盂源性囊肿15例、双侧巨输尿管症9例、肾盂输尿管肿瘤6例.行IVU和CTU检查78例,行CTU、IVU和逆行肾盂输尿管造影(RP)检查12例,行CTU和RP检查24例,仅行CTU检查51例.结果 165例患者中,CTU和IVU检查诊断准确率分别为94.5%(156/165)、46.7%(42/90),二者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).二者诊断上尿路结石准确率分别为100.0%(75/75)、78.6%(33/42)(P＜0.05);CTU诊断肾盂输尿管连接部畸形准确率为90.0%(27/30),IVU检查15例仅能显示肾盂积水;CTU诊断膀胱癌准确率为100.0%(30/30),IVU检查12例,发现膀胱内充盈缺损9例(75%)(P>0.05)CTU诊断肾盂旁囊肿和肾盂源性囊肿准确率为80.0%(12/15),IVU检查10例无法显示囊肿范围与大小;CTU诊断双侧巨输尿管症准确率为100.0%(9/9),IVU检查6例仅发现患侧肾脏不显影或肾盂积水;CTU诊断输尿管恶性肿瘤准确率为100%(6/6),IVU检查5例仅发现患侧肾脏不显影或肾盂积水.CTU和IVU对上尿路梗阻性病变者患侧和(或)梗阻远端显示率分别为79.4%(81/102)、25.0%(15/60),二者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).CTU、IVU检查时间分别为(18.9±8.4)、(67.1±26.7)min,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 CTU检查在诊断泌尿系统疾病准确率、了解病变周围组织情况以及对梗阻远端尿路显示率方面明显优于IVU检查,在大部分情况下可以取代IVU检查成为常规方法之一.     

多层螺旋CT尿路造影对输尿管癌的诊断价值

目的通过分析输尿管癌的轴位CT和螺旋CT尿路造影（CTU）表现,探讨CTU对输尿管癌的临床应用价值.方法研究组由30例经手术病理证实的输尿癌患者组成.患者在术前接受多层螺旋CT尿路造影检查,将CTU图像与横断面图像进行对比分析,并与手术、病理结果进行对照.结果横断面图像与横断面图像结合CTU重建图像对各种输尿管癌的诊断准确性分别为80%和100%（χ^2=6.67, P〈0.05）.结论 CTU结合轴位CT改善了对输尿管癌变引起的输尿管的异常改变的识别,为治疗提供有意义的影像学信息.     

CT尿路成像和IVU检查诊断泌尿系统疾病的比较研究

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate computed tomography urography (CTU) and compared with conventional intravenous urography (IVU) in diagnosis of urological disease. Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients with 111 males and 54 females underwent CTU urography including 78 cases underwent IVU were reviewed in this study. There were 12 cases underwent retrograde pyelography. There were 75 cases of nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis, 30 cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), 30 cases of bladder cancer, 15 cases of pyelogenic cyst and parapelvic cyst, 9 cases of megaloureter and 6 cases of cancer in pelvis and ureter. Results The accuracy of diagnosis was 94.5% (156/165) in CTU group and 46.7% (42/90) in IVU group.The accuracy of diagnosis was 100.0% (75/75)of nephrolithiasis and ureterolith in CTU group and 78. 6%(33/42)in IVU group, 90.0% (27/30) of UPJO in CTU group, 100.0% (30/30) of bladder cancer in CTU group and 75.0%(9/12)in IVU group, 80.0%(12/15)of pyelogenic cyst and parapelvic cyst in CTU group, 100.0% (9/9)of megaloureter in CTU group, 100.0% (6/6)of cancer in pelvis and ureter in CT group. The displayed rate of the distal end of stenosis and obstruction was 79.4%(81/102)in CTU group and 25.0%(15/60)in IVU group. The examination time was (18.9±8.4)min in CTU group and (67.1±26.7)min in IVU group. Conclusion The CTU can provide more information than conventional IVU and can replace the IVU as routine examination in most cases.     

CT尿路成像和IVU检查诊断泌尿系统疾病的比较研究

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate computed tomography urography (CTU) and compared with conventional intravenous urography (IVU) in diagnosis of urological disease. Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients with 111 males and 54 females underwent CTU urography including 78 cases underwent IVU were reviewed in this study. There were 12 cases underwent retrograde pyelography. There were 75 cases of nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis, 30 cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), 30 cases of bladder cancer, 15 cases of pyelogenic cyst and parapelvic cyst, 9 cases of megaloureter and 6 cases of cancer in pelvis and ureter. Results The accuracy of diagnosis was 94.5% (156/165) in CTU group and 46.7% (42/90) in IVU group.The accuracy of diagnosis was 100.0% (75/75)of nephrolithiasis and ureterolith in CTU group and 78. 6%(33/42)in IVU group, 90.0% (27/30) of UPJO in CTU group, 100.0% (30/30) of bladder cancer in CTU group and 75.0%(9/12)in IVU group, 80.0%(12/15)of pyelogenic cyst and parapelvic cyst in CTU group, 100.0% (9/9)of megaloureter in CTU group, 100.0% (6/6)of cancer in pelvis and ureter in CT group. The displayed rate of the distal end of stenosis and obstruction was 79.4%(81/102)in CTU group and 25.0%(15/60)in IVU group. The examination time was (18.9±8.4)min in CTU group and (67.1±26.7)min in IVU group. Conclusion The CTU can provide more information than conventional IVU and can replace the IVU as routine examination in most cases.     

64层螺旋CT尿路造影在上尿路疾病中的应用价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT尿路造影(64层MSCTU)在上尿路疾病诊断中的应用价值.方法:对121例上尿路疾病患者进行64层螺旋CT平扫及多时相CT增强扫描,并对轴位图像进行多种后处理.所有病例均经临床及手术证实.结果:121例中,上尿路结石61例,肿瘤24例,先天畸形15例,炎症14例,输尿管损伤1例,外源性病变累及泌尿系统6例.结论:64层MSCTU在上尿路疾病诊断中具有很高的应用价值.     

多层螺旋CT尿路成像诊断外伤性泌尿系脏器破裂

目的观察多层螺旋CT尿路成像(MSCTU)诊断外伤导致泌尿系脏器破裂的价值。方法对43例外伤导致肾、输尿管、膀胱破裂患者行MSCTU检查。结果 43例中,35例肾脏破裂,可见对比剂外溢至肾包膜下或进入腹膜腔内;2例输尿管损伤,MSCTU显示输尿管旁对比剂外溢;6例膀胱破裂显示为盆腔内积液,腹盆腔内见对比剂外溢。结论 MSCTU可清楚显示尿外渗情况,从而准确判定泌尿系损伤、破裂,评价损伤程度,为临床选择治疗方式提供依据。     

静脉尿路造影辅助CT仿真内窥镜诊断膀胱肿瘤

目的　探讨IVU造影辅助CT仿真内窥镜 (CTVC)诊断膀胱肿瘤的临床价值。　方法　经IVU、CT仿真内窥镜检查 2 2例膀胱肿瘤病人 ,获得的图像信息与膀胱镜所见及手术结果比较分析。　结果　 2 2例病人经CTVC发现浅表乳头状瘤 18个 ,结节、团块乳头状瘤 11个 ,浸润性肿瘤1个。肿瘤直径最小 3.0mm。与膀胱镜检查及手术结果完全符合。根据CTVC图像结合断层CT扫描分析参照膀胱镜分型将膀胱肿瘤分为 3型 :(1)浅表乳头状瘤 ,(2 )结节、团块状乳头状瘤 ,(3)浸润性肿瘤。　结论　CTVC是一种新的无创检查方法 ,可以显示直径 >3.0mm突入膀胱的肿瘤和肿瘤表面特征、肿瘤与输尿管口及膀胱颈的关系、膀胱粘膜情况 ,对膀胱肿瘤诊断有较高的实用价值     

双源CT直接法静脉造影诊断上肢静脉血栓

目的探讨双源CT直接法静脉造影(CTV)诊断上肢静脉血栓的价值。方法对22例超声提示上肢静脉血栓患者行CTV,采用MPR、MIP、VR、CPR等进行后处理,观察血管狭窄范围、管腔内病变及周围侧支开放情况。结果22例CTV均清楚显示狭窄位置、范围及程度,其中10例血栓位于锁骨下静脉,6例位于锁骨下静脉、颈内静脉与上腔静脉交汇处,4例位于无名静脉,腋静脉2例。结论双源CT直接法静脉造影可快速、相对无创、较清晰地显示上肢静脉血栓。     

三维CT尿路成像对小儿重复肾输尿管畸形的诊断价值

目的　寻求诊断小儿重复肾输尿管畸形的最佳检查方法 ,比较三维CT尿路成像(CTU)与IVU、磁共振尿路成像 (MRU)诊断重复肾输尿管畸形的价值。　方法　 18例疑重复肾输尿管畸形患儿行CTU检查 ,其中 11例曾行IVU检查 ,4例曾行MRU检查。　结果　CTU诊断重复肾输尿管 18例 ,合并重复输尿管下端囊肿 8例 ,重复输尿管异位开口 10例 ,全部经手术证实。11例IVU检查者明确诊断 3例 ,4例行MRU检查者明确诊断 1例。　结论　CTU能为诊断重复肾输尿管畸形提供确切依据     

多层螺旋CT尿路成像诊断输尿管病变

目的评价16层螺旋CT泌尿系统成像（MSCTU）对输尿管病变的诊断价值。方法使用16层螺旋CT机，采用多时相薄层连续扫描技术收集原始数据，应用CR、MPR、3D-VR、MIP等技术检查182例输尿管病变，并与常规KUB、IVP、MRU等方法相比较。结果182例中，MSCTU均清晰显示输尿管病变起源、走行、分布范围和周围组织的改变，能立体、逼真、直观地观察输尿管病变，在定性诊断方面具有较高的准确度。结论MSCTU提高了对输尿管良、恶性病变的诊断能力。     

16层CT尿路造影在136例泌尿系疾病患者中的应用

目的探讨16排螺旋CT尿路造影（CTU）对泌尿系疾病的诊断价值。方法136例泌尿系疾病患者行16排CT实质期、排泄期检查。数据经工作站重建后获得CTU图像。结果136例就检患者中,结石70例,先天畸形17例,肿瘤24例,其他25例。17例先天畸形和7例膀胱癌全膀胱切除肠代膀胱根据临床资料做出诊断,23例结石经体外震波冲击碎石证实,余80余例均由手术及病理证实。结论CTU对泌尿系疾病的诊断具有良好的效果,可以替代腹部平片加静脉肾盂造影（KUB＋IVP）。     

逆行插管与静脉造影定位ESWL治疗上尿路阴性结石的比较

为探讨不同部位上尿路阴性结石定位方法的选择，对９８例上尿路阴性结石患者采用大剂量静脉尿路造影（ＩＶＵ）和逆行插管（ＲＧＰ）定位法行体外冲击波碎石术（ＥＳＷＬ），并根据其疗效进行比较。结果：２０例肾阴性结石中，８例行ＩＶＵ定位下ＥＳＷＬ碎石，治愈率为１２．５％；１２例行ＲＧＰ定位下ＥＳＷＬ碎石，治愈率为８．３％；认为对此类患者不宜行Ｘ线定位碎石。５８例输尿管上、中段阴性结石中，２８例行ＩＶＵ定位碎石     

磁共振尿路造影在上尿路梗阻中的诊断价值

目的　比较磁共振尿路造影(MRU)和静脉尿路造影(IVU)在上尿路梗阻中的诊断价值。方法　对100例上尿路梗阻患 者分别进行了MRU和IVU检查,并与术后结果比较。结果　MRU对输尿管狭窄、肾盂输尿管连接部梗阻、输尿管肿瘤和输尿 管结石的术前诊断率分别为93.75%、100%、87.5%、40%,而IVU术前诊断率则分别为82.5%、56.25%、27.5%、80%。结论　 IVU目前仍为诊断上尿路梗阻的常用方法,但MRU水成像对无分泌功能的肾积水、孕妇、儿童和碘过敏患者的诊断价值更大, 是对IVU的有益补充。     

Is there need for both intravenous urography and voiding cystography in the evaluation of children with recurrent urinary tract infections?

Summary In a prospective study 33 children (aged 6–14 years) consecutively referred for recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTI), underwent intravenous urography (IVU) as well as voiding cystography (VC). Seven children had unilateral and two children had bilateral renal scarring, while ten children had unilateral and six children had bilateral vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR). Following normal IVU VUR was demonstrated in 22% of the ureters, but in all cases of low grade. In abnormal IVU, i.e. renal scarring or dilatation of the ureters, VC showed high grade VUR in 54% of the ureters. Based on these results and the current theories on the significance of patient age and the grade of VUR, we conclude that in case of a normal IVU in children with RUTI and age of at least 6 years, there is no reason to supplement the pre-treatment evaluation with VC.     

多层螺旋CT泌尿系成像在上尿路梗阻诊断中的应用

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT泌尿系成像（MSCTU）在上尿路梗阻性疾病中的诊断价值。方法 对17例经B超或IVU检查显示上尿路梗阻患者行螺旋CT扫描，并行3D重建，将诊断结果与手术结果进行对照。结果 MSCTU诊断输尿管结核4例，肾盂输尿管连接部狭窄6例。输尿管末端狭窄2例，输尿管阴性结石3例。输尿管肿瘤1例，腔静脉后输尿管1例，均显示出梗阻部位及尿路扩张的形态。手术结果与MSCTU诊断相符。结论 SCTU是一种安全有效的非侵袭性的影像学检查方法，特别对患肾功能严重受损的上尿路梗阻性疾病患者具有特殊诊断价值。