胸部肿瘤的立体定向放射治疗

目的：胸部肿瘤立体定向放疗的应用研究。方法：1999年11月至2001年1月期间共治疗41例患者45个病灶。进行分次立体定向适形放疗。射野一般4-8个，每日1次，连续照射，共5-12次，每次治疗时根据85%-95%剂量曲线确定处方剂量：4-7Gy，总量为25-60Gy。结果：41例45个病灶根据CT复查肿瘤消退情况确定CR为37.8%，PR为37.8%，总有效率为75.6%。结论：立体定向放疗治疗胸部较小的原发性肺癌和孤立转移瘤是一种局部控制好、疗程短、疗效显著、无痛苦的新疗法；是常规大野放疗后局部追加剂量的最好方式；对于肺癌术后或放疗后复发，是减少肿瘤周围正常组织接受剂量，避免损伤，提高肿瘤局部控制率的有效手段。后期不良反应及无期疗效有待进一步观察。     

脑干肿瘤的放射治疗

 目的　分析 1 6例脑干肿瘤的放射治疗结果 ,复习文献 ,讨论脑干肿瘤的治疗方法。方法　 1 985年 3月至 1 995年 3月治疗脑干肿瘤 1 6例 ,放射治疗剂量 35- 60 Gy/4- 7周。结果　 1 5例在放疗结束时症状和体征有不同程度的好转 ,1、3和 5年生存率分别为 56.3%、43.8%和 31 .3%。文献复习显示 ,放射治疗 5年生存率为 2 0 %～ 30 %。结论　放射治疗是目前治疗脑干肿瘤的主要手段 ,放疗剂量 50 - 60 Gy/6- 7周为宜。     

低分割适形放疗同步单药吉西他滨治疗不可切除胰腺癌的疗效分析

目的:采用低分割和高剂量适形放疗同步中等剂量单药吉西他滨治疗不可切除胰腺癌患者的疗效及安全性。方法:23例不可手术切除的胰腺癌患者接受同步放化疗,放疗采用低分割、高剂量适形放疗模式,单次剂量为3～4Gy,3次/周,DT:36～58Gy;同步化疗采用单药吉西他滨每周600～750mg/m2,静脉滴入,1次/周,共7周;观察有效率、中位生存期和1年生存率及不良反应。结果:有效率(CR+PR)为34.8%;1年生存率为39.1%;中位生存期为10.2个月。单因素分析生存期与肿瘤临床分期、肿瘤标志下降程度、放疗剂量和临床疗效及是否维持化疗密切相关P<0.05。有7例患者出现Ⅲ～Ⅳ级不良反应,其中5例表现为血小板下降,对症治疗可恢复,无治疗相关死亡事件发生。结论:低分割、高剂量适形放疗同步中等剂量单药吉西他滨是不可切除胰腺癌一种有效安全的治疗模式。     

80例恶性肿瘤放射治疗疗效影响因素的分析

目的探讨放射治疗在卵巢恶性肿瘤治疗中的影响因素.方法对80例放射治疗的卵巢恶性肿瘤患者进行回顾性分析.结果肿瘤对放疗反应与组织类型有关,无性细胞瘤2例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤1例,肿瘤完全消失;颗粒细胞瘤7例,5例完全消失,1例缩小50%以上,有效率86.0%(6/7);粘液性癌4例及内胚窦瘤2例,肿瘤无反应(0/4,0/2)(P＜0.05).其它类型有效率为浆液性腺癌28/41,内膜样癌6/9,透明细胞癌4/7,混合性上皮癌4/4,卵巢恶性中胚叶混合瘤1例及卵巢子宫内膜样间质肉瘤2例(1/1,1/2).肿瘤对放疗反应与病理分化有关,低分化43例,完全消失25例,58.1%(25/43),缩小＞50% 8例,18.6%(8/43),有效率76.7%(33/43).中分化18例有效率61.1%(11/18).低中分化总有效率72.1%与高分化的有效率28.5%(4/14)比较有明显差异(P＜0.01);肿瘤对放疗反应与放疗区肿瘤大小有关,肿瘤＞3cm 46例有效率45.7%(21/46);肿瘤＜1cm 30例,有效率90.3%(28/30),两者有统计学差异(P＜0.01).结论卵巢恶性肿瘤组织学类型、分化程度及靶区肿瘤的大小与放疗敏感性密切相关.     

晚期肾癌常用生物治疗的现状

肾癌（Renalcellcarcinoma，RCC）在泌尿男生殖系肿瘤中发病率仅次于膀胱癌。近年全球肾癌发病率呈明显增高趋势[1]，就诊时约1／3已有转移灶。转移性肾癌（mRCC）传统的放、化疗效果令人失望。随着IFN，MoAh，IL－2的广泛临床应用，特别是近10年来细胞治疗兴起，mRCC的疗效有明显改观。目前临床生物治疗的措施主要有；1细胞因子治疗1．1干扰素（IFN）干扰素是目前临床治疗mRCC最常用的生物因子，MurPhy统计1600例天然或重组IFN治疗mRCC病例，有效率15％～20％，长期完全有效率约5％［’j。IFN的疗效与下列因素有关：①剂量，…     

体部伽玛刀治疗肝转移性肿瘤的临床应用

采用体部伽玛刀放射治疗25例肝转移性肿瘤,根据肿瘤的位置、临床靶体积(CTV)、患者的身体状况与治疗目的制定放射治疗计划及调整剂量分布。优化指标:50%～80%的等剂量曲线包绕至100%的肿瘤靶体积(GTV),周边照射剂量32～42Gy,中位剂量40Gy,分割处方剂量3.2～4.2Gy,重复治疗8～15次,1次/d,每周连续治疗5次。上腹部不适、食欲不振25例,治疗后有18例(72%)改善;肝区疼痛6例,5例治疗后疼痛有不同程度的缓解,有效率为83.3%。结束后1～6个月用腹部CT进行评价,有效率76%。半年局部无进展生存率75%,1年局部无进展生存率42%。放疗中、放疗后无严重并发症发生。     

爱迪注射液治疗中晚期肺癌的疗效观察

研究爱迪注射液对中晚期肺癌的治疗作用及毒副反应。选用爱迪注射液联合化疗药物治疗中晚期肺癌 30例 ,以同期单纯化疗药物治疗 30例作为对照组 ,对近期疗效 ,毒副反应及生活质量改变 ,按WHO肿瘤客观疗效评定标准进行对比。联合用药组有效率为 46 7% ,对照组有效率为 36 7% ,差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;联合用药组病变进展率为6 7% ,对照组 33 3% ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。联合用药组治疗后白细胞下降至 13 3% ,化疗组 36 7%差异显著 (P <0 0 5 )。生活质量评分改善比较两组间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。中药爱迪注射液具有抑制肿瘤生长 ,提高化疗药效果 ,减少化疗引起的毒副反应。     

应用顺氯氨铂、鬼臼乙叉甙和平阳霉素联合治疗食道癌

 本文报告了应用顺氯氦铵(DDP),鬼臼乙叉甙(VP—16)和平阳霉素.(PYm)联合治疗33例中晚期食道癌病人。完全缓解(CR)2例,部分缓解(PR)13审,微效(MR)11例,缓解率(CR⁺PR)45.4%,总有效率(CR⁺PR⁺MR)78.8%。本方案非随机分组分为大剂量DDP组:大剂量DDP组的缓解率(40.9%)低于小剂量DDP组的缓解率(54.5%),而总有效率大剂量DDP组(81.8%)高于小剂量DDP组(72.7%)。中位缓解期7个月。主要毒性反应为消化道反应、骨髓抑制、脱发及冷热反应。     

射波刀治疗35例肝脏肿瘤的临床分析

目的：观察射波刀（cyberknife）治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤的疗效和安全性。方法：回顾性分析35例经射波刀治疗的肝脏恶性肿瘤患者,其中原发性肝癌12例,消化系统肿瘤肝转移16例,其他肿瘤肝转移7例。共57个病灶。所有患者行金标植入术,1周后行射波刀照射。平均肿瘤体积98.64ml,处方剂量18-51Gy,分割3-7次,等剂量线56%-85%。治疗后1-6个月复查,观察近期疗效,之后每3个月随访1次。结果：7例患者达到完全缓解,20例部分缓解,6例稳定,2例进展,有效率（CR＋PR）77.1%,局部控制率94.29%,中位TTP为12个月,中位生存期为23个月。所有患者耐受性良好,主要的不良反应为白细胞降低、食欲减退和疲劳。无Ⅳ级和Ⅳ级以上不良反应发生。结论：射波刀治疗肝脏恶性肿瘤有较高的有效率,安全性好,不良反应轻,患者易耐受。     

肾上腺转移癌的立体定向放射治疗

目的探讨立体定向放射治疗肾上腺转移癌的临床可行性与近期疗效。方法采用OUR-QGD型立体定向体部伽玛射线放射治疗系统,治疗肾上腺转移癌43例,根据肿瘤的位置、临床靶体积、患者的身体状况与治疗目的,制定放疗计划及调整剂量分布。肿瘤体积7~1362 cm3,等剂量曲线50%~80%,周边照射总剂量3100~3600 cGy,分割处方剂量400~600 cGy,重复治疗6~9次,隔日治疗。结果治疗前腰背部疼痛28例,治疗结束后1~6个月,症状完全消失16例(57.1%),部分缓解10例(35.7%),2例无效(7.1%),疼痛缓解有效率为92.9%;43例肾上腺转移癌,共53个治疗病灶,治疗后3个月复查CT、MR或PET,肿瘤消失17例(32.1%),缩小27例(50.9%),无变化7例(13.2%),增大2例(3.8%),总有效率96.2%。结论立体定向放射治疗肾上腺转移癌临床效果确切,不良反应较轻。     

Pegylated interferon alfa-2b treatment for patients with solid tumors: a phase I/II study.

PURPOSE: The efficacy of interferon alfa has been established in treating advanced melanoma and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. We conducted a phase I/II study to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), the safety and tolerability, and the preliminary efficacy of once-weekly pegylated interferon alfa-2b (IFNalpha-2b) in patients with advanced solid tumors (primarily RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: To determine the MTD, 35 patients with a variety of advanced solid tumors received 0.75 to 7.5 micro g/kg/wk of pegylated IFNalpha-2b by subcutaneous injection for 12 weeks. An additional 35 previously untreated RCC patients received 6.0 and 7.5 micro g/kg/wk for up to 12 weeks. Patients with a response or stable disease after 12 weeks were eligible for the extension protocol and were treated for up to 1 year or until disease progression. RESULTS: The MTD for pegylated IFNalpha-2b at 12 weeks was 6.0 micro g/kg/wk. One year of 6.0 micro g/kg/wk was well tolerated with appropriate dose modification; no grade 3 or 4 fatigue occurred, and safety was comparable with that with nonpegylated IFNalpha-2b. The most common nonhematologic adverse events included mild to moderate nausea, anorexia, and fatigue. Six patients had grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity. Twenty-nine patients continued on the extension protocol. Four patients had a complete response, and five patients had a partial response. Among 44 previously untreated RCC patients, the objective response rate was 14%. Median survival for all RCC patients was 13.2 months. CONCLUSION: Pegylated IFNalpha-2b was active and well tolerated in patients with metastatic solid tumors, including RCC, at doses up to 6.0 micro g/kg/wk.     

Interferon Apha 2b for Treating Patients with JAK2V617F Positive Polycythemia Vera and Essential Thrombocytosis

Objective: To investigate interferon (IFN) alpha 2 b for treating patients with JAK2V617F positivepolycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocytosis (ET). Methods: Interferon alpha 2 b was used to treatpatients with JAK2V617F positive PV and ET. In control group, hydroxyurea was used. Endpoint of study wasto compare rates of hematological and molecular remission. Results: Patients in the interferon alpha 2 b groupachieved higher rates of hematologic and molecular remission than patients in the hydroxyurea group, witha lower incidence of thrombosis. Conclusion: Compared with hydroxyurea, interferon alpha 2 b could reduceJAK2V617F load for patients with PV and ET, and achieve higher molecular remission, improve treatmentefficacy and reduce complications.     

干扰素协同重组人干扰素α-2b阴道泡腾胶囊治疗HPV持续阳性的疗效

目的:探讨干扰素协同重组人干扰素α-2b阴道泡腾胶囊对宫颈癌治疗后,高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）持续阳性的疗效。方法:选取我院166例宫颈癌治疗后HR-HPV持续阳性的患者随机分为两组,给予干扰素协同重组人干扰素α-2b阴道泡腾胶囊两种药联合治疗为观察组。不用任何药物治疗的设为对照组。结果:两组患者12个月后HR-HPV阳性率均有所下降。联合用药组治疗后HR-HPV有效率为90.20%（92/102）,高于对照组68.75%（44/64）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:干扰素协同重组人干扰素α-2b阴道泡腾胶囊宫颈癌治疗后HPV阳性者疗效显著,值得临床推广应用。     

Recombinant alpha-2 interferon with or without hepatic artery embolization in the treatment of midgut carcinoid tumours. A preliminary report

Nineteen patients with histologically verified midgut carcinoid tumours and liver metastases were included in a prospective study with daily interferon therapy 3 mill IU x m-2 subcutaneously for one year. All had the primary tumour removed at laparotomy, and whenever technically possible, an embolization of the hepatic arteries was performed prior to interferon start. Recombinant human alpha-2b interferon from Schering was employed. When interferon was given alone for one year 40% responded, judged from either a 50% reduction in excretion of 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid in the urine or a 50% reduction in the area of the largest liver metastasis, as evaluated by computer tomography. One patient died later on and one withdrew from therapy of her own will; both were responders at the evaluation at 6 months. When prior embolization of the liver arteries had been performed, the response rate was 85% after one year. When diarrhoea and/or flushing was evaluated, 70% had response on interferon alone, while all patients experienced improvement after the combined procedure. We conclude that interferon is an effective treatment of malignant metastatic midgut carcinoid and that embolization of the liver arteries seems to increase the response rate.     

Interferon alpha 2b as maintenance therapy improves outcome in follicular lymphoma

The role of interferon alpha as maintenance therapy in follicular lymphoma (FL) remains unsolved. We started a controlled clinical trial to assess if interferon alpha 2b could improve outcome, measured with event free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with FL in complete remission after chemotherapy based anthracyclines and adjuvant radiotherapy to sites of initial bulky disease. Three hundred and eighty four patients in complete response after 6 cycles of CEOP-Bleo (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine, prednisone and bleomycin, at standard doses), and adjuvant radiotherapy when necessary, were randomized to received Interferon alpha 2b, three times a week for 1 year or no treatment (control group). Median follow up was 9.8 years (range 7.0-15 years); actuarial curves showed that EFS was 64% (95% confidence interval (CI) 56-71%) in patients treated with interferon that was statistically significant to patients in the control group: 35% (95% CI: 28-43%) (p<.01). OS was also statistically significant: 81% in patients treated with interferon (95% CI: 74-93%) and 57% (95% CI: 50-63%) in the control group (p<.001). Toxicity was mild, all patients received the planned dose of interferon on time. The use of aggressive chemotherapy and maintenance therapy with interferon alpha 2b in follicular lymphoma improved outcome; more than 60% of patients remain alive free of disease at longer follow-up.     

Combination chemotherapy and interferon alpha 2b in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. The Italian Lung Cancer Task Force (FONICAP).

Thirty-four patients with previously untreated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer were treated with a combination of polychemotherapy and recombinant interferon. Chemotherapy consisted of cyclophosphamide, 400 mg/m2, epidoxorubicin, 50 mg/m2, and cisplatin, 40 mg/m2 (CAP) i.v. on day 4; recombinant alpha 2b interferon (r alpha 2b IFN) was given i.m. daily at the dose of 3-5 MU from days 1 to 7. The treatment was repeated every 4 weeks. In the 32 eligible patients the overall response rate was 19.3% (95% C.L. 7.4-37.4%). Non-hematologic toxicity consisted formerly in flulike symptoms and fatigue complained of by 37.5% and 31.2% of patients, respectively, and vomiting reported in 68.7% of patients; grade III-IV myelotoxicity was observed in 12.5% of cases. In no case was the toxicity life threatening. The median overall actuarial survival and progression-free survival were 37 and 20 weeks, respectively. This study indicates that the combination of CAP chemotherapy and r alpha IFN is feasible and active in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.     

Renal carcinoma in childhood

Our data on treatment of renal carcinoma in 12 children (1996-2006) are presented. Nephrectomy and lymph node dissection was carried out in all patients; adjuvant chemotherapy (doxorubicin, interferon alpha2b (IBF alpha2b/Intron A) with concomitant whole body hyperthermia (systemic thermobiochemotherapy--7. Overall 10-year survival in all patients was 91% (median 42.3 months). Survival rate in cases of advanced renal carcinoma who received postoperative thermobiochemotherapy was 86% (median 54.8 months). Our results suggest that thermobiochemotherapy be indicated in children with advanced renal carcinoma.     

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the lower oesophagus and oesophago-gastric junction

AIMS: To evaluate a single unit's experience with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for treating locally advanced non-metastatic initially resectable and unresectable oesophago-gastric cancer. METHODS: The medical records of all patients with either locally advanced carcinoma of the lower oesophagus or cardia treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy between August 1999 and January 2003 were reviewed. RESULTS: Sixty-four patients with initially resectable tumours (T2-3 or N+) and 38 patients with initially unresectable tumours (T4 or M1a) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (83% combination Epirubicin, Cisplatin and 5-Fluorouracil). Symptomatic grade III/IV toxicity was observed in 33% of patients. Chemotherapy was not completed in 20 patients because of death (5.9%) and inadequate tumour response/toxicity (13.7%). Forty-three patients (67.3%) with initially resectable tumours and 19 patients (50%) with initially unresectable tumours underwent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Chemotherapy in this study was associated with appreciable toxicity. Patients with initially unresectable locally advanced disease can be downstaged with neoadjuvant chemotherapy.     

肝动脉栓塞加门静脉置泵治疗晚期原发性肝癌(附160例病例分析)

延长晚期原发性肝癌患者的生存时间，提高生活质量，为二期手术切除创造条件。方法：采用肝动脉栓塞化疗加门静脉置泵，术中栓塞药物为：ADM、泛影葡胺、碘化油及MMC；术后门静脉药泵常用ADM、干扰素注射。结果：术后二个月复查B超，肿瘤缩小明显者（缩小至原肿瘤1／3）者74例，占46％，其中18例施行二期肝癌切除术，160例1年后存活率78．6％，2、3、5年存活率分别为65．6％、43．5％及16．3％。结论：采取肝动脉栓塞加门静脉置泵治疗晚期原发性肝癌160例，效果良好，延长了晚期原发性肝癌的生存时间，为二期手术切除创造了条件。