大蒜提取液的杀菌效果观察

目的:了解大蒜提取液对青霉菌,新型隐球菌和白假丝酵母菌的抑制作用。方法:使用K-B法对大蒜提取液对青霉菌、新型隐球菌和白假丝酵母菌的抑菌环直径进行测量。然后采用棋盘法分组对大蒜提取液联合环丙沙星对铜绿假单胞菌PAO1、PAO-JP2生物被膜细菌的影响进行实验测试,并进行比较分析。结果:大蒜提取液对青霉菌、新型隐球菌和白假丝酵母菌的抑制作用效果强弱依次为新型隐球菌、白假丝酵母菌和青霉菌。结论:大蒜提取液对青霉菌、新型隐球菌和白假丝酵母菌都有较强的抑制作用。其与环丙沙星联用,可以增强对铜绿假单胞菌PAO1、PAO-JP2生物被膜细菌的杀菌效果。     

自制中药洗剂对外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病患者阴道内致病菌及正常菌抑制情况的研究

目的:研究自制复方百蛇洗剂对外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)患者阴道内假丝酵母菌及乳酸杆菌的抑制情况。方法:取门诊就诊的60例VVC妇女阴道分泌物,培养分离假丝酵母菌及乳酸杆菌,对自制复方百蛇洗剂用肉汤倍比稀释法对临床分离的假丝酵母菌做最低抑菌浓度(The minimum inhibitory concertration,MIC)测定,同时观察在相同浓度下本洗剂对乳酸杆菌的作用。结果:复方百蛇洗剂对假丝酵母菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.5g/mL,在同样浓度下本洗剂对乳酸杆菌没有明显抑制作用。结论:复方白蛇洗剂对感染女性下生殖道白假丝酵母菌有明显抑制作用的同时对阴道正常菌乳酸杆菌没有抑制作用,本洗剂对临床治疗外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病及反复发作的外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病提供了可靠的理论依据。     

大蒜提取物的体外抗真菌作用

目的：检测大蒜提取物蒜氨酸，蒜酶及蒜氨酸和蒜酶复合物对红色毛癣菌、絮状毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、犬小孢子菌、白假丝酵母菌和新生隐球菌的最小抑真菌浓度(minimal inhibitory fungal concentration，MIC)，最小杀真菌浓度(minimal fungicidal concentration，MFC)；观察其体外抗真菌作用。方法：采用沙保培养基(Sabouraud Dextrose Agar，SDA)液体稀释培养法和琼脂平板稀释培养计数菌落法分别测定蒜氨酸，蒜酶及蒜氨酸和蒜酶复合物对红色毛癣菌、絮状毛癣菌、石膏样小孢子菌、犬小孢子菌、白假丝酵母菌和新生隐球菌的MIC和MFC。结果：蒜氨酸和蒜酶复合物：红色毛癣菌的MIC为1：256，MFC为1：128；絮状毛癣菌的MIC为1：256，MFC为1：128；石膏样小孢子菌的MIC为1：512，MFC为1：256；犬小孢子菌的MIC为1：512，MFC为1：128；白假丝酵母菌的MIC为：1：128，MFC为1：64．；新生隐球菌的MIC为1：．512；MFC 1：2560结论：蒜氨酸仅对白假丝酵母菌有抑制作用，对其它试验菌无抑制作用；蒜酶对所有试验菌均无抑制作用；蒜氨酸和蒜酶复合物则具有明显的抗真菌作用。     

青黛对白假丝酵母菌抗菌作用的研究

目的:研究青黛对白假丝酵母菌抑菌与杀菌作用。方法:运用琼脂扩散法、试管稀释法测定青黛悬浊液对于白假丝酵母菌的抑菌环直径、最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:青黛悬浊液1∶8、1∶16、1∶32、1∶64稀释液对白假丝酵母菌抑菌环直径分别为(27.22±5.22)mm、(34.97±3.83)mm、(31.26±5.74)mm、(24.95±5.12)mm;青黛悬浊液1∶16稀释液的抑菌环直径明显大于其他浓度稀释液的抑菌环直径(P0.01)。青黛悬浊液对白假丝酵母菌MIC为62.5 mg/m L,MBC为62.5 mg/m L。结论:青黛悬浊液对白假丝酵母菌有较明显的的抑制与杀菌作用。     

肉桂醛抗白假丝酵母菌实验研究

目的 探讨肉桂醛抗白假丝酵母菌的作用.方法 应用芽管实验、琼脂扩散法同步观察肉桂醛对白假丝酵母菌酵母型及芽管和假菌丝形成的影响,并用微量稀释法药敏试验测定其最低抑菌浓度.结果 琼脂扩散法抑菌圈直径为25～37 mm,出芽率小于20%,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为250～500 μg/ml.结论 肉桂醛具有较好的抗白假丝酵母菌作用.     

牛至挥发油对白假丝酵母菌体外抗菌作用及机制的初步研究北大核心CSCD

目的:探讨牛至挥发油对白假丝酵母菌体外抗菌活性及作用机制。方法:采用打孔琼脂扩散法与微量稀释法测定牛至挥发油对白假丝酵母菌的抑菌活性和最小抑菌浓度(MIC);牛至挥发油处理白假丝酵母菌后,测定真菌碱性磷酸酶(AKP)含量、吸光度,麦角甾醇含量、胞外蛋白含量、线粒体中活性氧(ROS)含量;DAPI染色观察细胞核;结晶紫染色、扫描电镜观察菌体结构。结果:牛至挥发油对白假丝酵母菌的抑菌圈为(24±2)mm;最低抑菌浓度为1.98 mg/mL。形态学观察,牛至挥发油会破坏真菌细胞壁,使菌体扭曲变形,细胞核碎裂,菌液吸光值显著升高(P<0.01);与正常对照组相比,牛至挥发油2 mg/mL能提高菌液AKP含量、胞外蛋白含量、ROS含量,降低麦角甾醇含量(P<0.01)。结论:牛至挥发油可能通过破坏白假丝酵母菌菌体的完整性,以及导致线粒体功能障碍,促使细胞坏死的方式杀灭白假丝酵母菌,抑菌效果良好。具有广阔的应用前景。     

商陆提取物抑菌活性评价研究

目的:探讨商陆的有效抑菌活性成分。方法:采用琼脂扩散法测定不同商陆提取物对临床常见的15株病原菌的抑菌圈;采用液体稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度。结果:商陆不同粗提物对病原菌有不同程度的抑制作用,商陆水煎液仅对不动杆菌、白假丝酵母、新生隐球菌有一定抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度分别为500.0,500.0,62.5mg.mL-1,抑菌作用不明显;多糖提取物仅对产气荚膜梭菌、痢疾志贺菌有一定抑制作用,最小抑菌浓度为60.0,7.5mg.mL-1;商陆皂苷30%乙醇提取物抑菌效果较明显、抗菌谱较广,对产气荚膜梭菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、志贺菌、甲型副伤寒菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、普通变形杆菌、白假丝酵母均有抑菌作用,最小抑菌浓度范围为17.6～70.0mg.mL-1;商陆皂苷60%和90%乙醇提取物无抑菌活性。结论:商陆抑菌活性主要有效部位为极性较大的皂苷类提取物。     

血清芽管实验检测白假丝酵母菌的药物敏感性

目的了解泌尿生殖道感染白假丝酵母菌对黄连、黄芩、七叶一枝花和氟康唑注射液的敏感性,为临床有效控制其感染提供依据。方法采用白假丝酵母菌芽管药敏试验法,测定黄连、黄芩、七叶一枝花的50%乙醇提取物和氟康唑注射液对从泌尿生殖道感染标本中分离出的52株白假丝酵母菌芽管的最低抑制浓度。结果黄连、黄芩、七叶一枝花的50%乙醇提取物和氟康唑注射液,在一定的浓度下对泌尿生殖道感染白假丝酵母菌芽管有明显的抑制作用,其抑制芽管的最低浓度分别为1.25,5,2.5 mg/ml和0.125 mg/ml。结论白假丝酵母菌芽管药敏试验法,可为临床快速筛选敏感药物;黄连、黄芩、七叶一枝花的50%乙醇提取物和氟康唑注射液对白假丝酵母菌有较好的抗菌活性。     

海南产番木瓜籽挥发油的稳定性及抗假丝酵母菌活性的研究

目的研究海南产番木瓜籽挥发油的稳定性及抗假丝酵母菌的活性。方法采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GCMS)结合保留指数分析和鉴定海南产番木瓜籽挥发油成分,考察挥发油成分在0,3,6,9,12个月的稳定性,并采用纸片法探索其对5种11株假丝酵母菌(白假丝酵母菌、热带假丝酵母菌、光滑假丝酵母菌、克柔假丝酵母菌及近平滑假丝酵母菌)的抑菌活性。结果番木瓜籽挥发油的主成分异硫氰酸苄酯在考察时间内稳定,RSD为0.18%;10.0 mg/ml的挥发油对实验中的11株假丝酵母菌的抑菌圈为14.2~33.2 mm,且抑菌圈随着挥发油浓度的减小而减小。结论海南产番木瓜籽挥发油稳定且具有较强的抗假丝酵母菌活性,为进一步研究其抗真菌药用价值提供了实验依据。     

单味中药抑制白假丝酵母菌作用的研究进展

外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病的高发病率、高复发性、西药耐药现象以及药物的不良反应日益增加,因此临床上急需寻找一种对白假丝酵母菌有独特性抑制作用的新药。就单味中药抑制白假丝酵母菌作用的研究作一综述。     

大蒜渣ACEI活性肽的制备及其稳定性研究

目的以蒜渣为原料,对制备ACEI(血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂)活性肽的工艺及酶解产物的稳定性进行研究。方法以水解液的抑制活性为试验指标,从9种蛋白酶中筛选出4种较佳蛋白酶单独或联合水解蒜渣。结果蛋白酶1单独水解效果较好。通过单因素和正交试验得出最佳水解条件:加酶量(E/S)6%、底物浓度8%、pH 7、50℃、3 h,在上述条件下酶解产物对ACE的抑制率为88.81%。考察了大蒜渣ACEI活性肽的热稳定性、耐酸碱性和抗肠道酶降解能力,结果表明,该活性肽具有良好的耐高温性能;在酸性条件下活性下降较快,当pH≥8.3时活性稳定;在模拟的胃肠道环境中具有良好的抗胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶裂解的能力。结论大蒜渣ACEI活性肽经口服或者静脉注射后很可能具有良好的降血压效果。     

赤芝菌体中三萜抑菌作用研究

目的检测赤芝发酵菌体中三萜对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌以及黑曲霉和青霉的体外抑菌活性。方法管碟法。结果赤芝菌体三萜化合物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的生长均具有显著抑制作用;对枯草芽孢杆菌、青霉和黑曲霉抑制作用较弱;该三萜样品对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、黑曲霉和青霉的最小抑菌浓度分别为25,25,50,100和50 mg/ml。结论赤芝发酵菌体中三萜对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和青霉有明显的抑制作用。     

Involvement of calcium in the cardiac depressant actions of a garlic dialysate

In order to elucidate a possible role for calcium on the negative cardiotropic effects of a garlic (Allium sativum L., Liliaceae) dialysate in rat atria we studied: (a) the effects of our extract 15 min after preincubation with high and low concentrations of extracellular calcium ([Ca²⁺]_o) on left and right activity of rat atria. The negative inotropism of garlic dialysate increased with calcium 0.75 mM; in contrast, high level of calcium (4.5 mM) induced a significant reduction of this depressant effect. None of these treatments modified the negative chronotropism of garlic; (b) nifedipine (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁷ M), verapamil (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁷ M) and diltiazem (10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁷ M) induced a concentration-depe synergism of the log concentration-effect curve of garlic dialysate on left atria. Verapamil and diltiazem (10⁻⁷ M), but not nifedipine increased the inhibitory chronotropism of garlic in right atria; (c) negative inotropic and chronotropic effects demonstrated by nifedipine (1 × 10⁻¹⁰ to 1.1 × 10⁻⁶ M) were antagonized as expected by preincubation with Bay K-8644. Depressant actions of garlic were not modified with this pretreatment. These results suggest that the negative inotropic effect of our garlic dialysate is related to [Ca²⁺]_o availability. It is possible that a restriction of intracellular calcium contributes to this effect. However, the negative chronotropic effect of garlic is scarcely affected by these modifications.     

Purification and bioassays of a diuretic and natriuretic fraction from garlic (Allium sativum)

The intravenous administration of a purified fraction (6 microg/kg) to anaesthesized dogs was followed by a significant biphasic diuretic and natriuretic response which reached a maximum at 180 min after injection. Chloride, but not potassium ions, followed the natriuretic profile. No changes were observed in arterial blood pressure or in the electrocardiogram. The purified garlic fraction also induced an inhibitory dose-dependent effect on kidney Na, K-ATPase.     

大理独蒜与丫蒜提取物体外抑菌效果研究

目的:研究大理独蒜和丫蒜的乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌标准株(ATCC 25923)、大肠杆菌标准株(ATCC 25922)、白色念珠菌标准株(ATCC 90029)、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株(1420)和耐超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌临床分离株(021606)的抑菌效果。方法:采用乙醇萃取法制备独蒜提取物与丫蒜提取物,采用K-B法进行体外抑菌实验,常量稀释法检测MIC。结果:经t检验、Games-Howell检验分析,大理独蒜与大理丫蒜的提取物对实验菌株均有不同程度的抑菌效果,不同蒜种对同一菌株的抑菌效果也不相同。丫蒜提取物对实验中耐超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠杆菌(021606)的抑菌效果比对大肠杆菌标准株的抑菌效果好,差异具有统计学意义;而独蒜提取物对实验中白色念珠菌的抑菌效果比对实验中其他细菌的抑菌效果好,同时独蒜提取物对白色念珠菌的抑菌效果比丫蒜提取物强,差异具有统计学意义。结论:大理独蒜和丫蒜提取物对实验中的细菌和白色念珠菌的抗菌效果有一定的差异,为大蒜提取物在临床和食品防腐剂的开发应用方面提供了实验依据。     

大蒜油联合益生菌的抗菌活性研究

目的:联合应用大蒜油与益生菌,研究其共同抗菌活性。方法:采用最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)、抑菌圈直径测量法,测定联合抗菌指标。结果:大蒜油单体的抗菌活性明显,联合应用大蒜油与益生菌的抗菌活性无明显变化。结论:大蒜油与益生菌的抗菌作用机理存在差异,抗菌效果不同于单体抗菌效果的简单加和,联合使用未能达到明显的辅助增强效应。     

Endothelium mediated vasorelaxant response of garlic in isolated rat aorta: role of nitric oxide

The vasorelaxant effect of garlic (Alium sativum L.) has been suggested to be partially mediated through endothelium. The present study was designed to evaluate the role of various endothelium-mediated mechanisms in vasorelaxant response of garlic on isolated aortic rings of rats. In tissues precontracted with phenylephrine (PE) 10(-6)M, concentration-response curve for different concentrations of garlic (1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 microg/ml) was examined. In all the preparations garlic showed a concentration-dependent vasorelaxant response. There was a significant attenuation of vasorelaxation in tissues pretreated with K(+) channel blocker, glybenclamide (10(-6)M). Indomethacin (10(-5)M) enhanced the relaxant response of garlic. N(G)-Monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) 30 microM, a potent inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, did not produce any significant effect on the response of garlic. However, cGMP blocker methylene blue (10(-5)M) showed a strong vasoconstriction and inhibited the vasorelaxant response of garlic. The results indicate that endothelium modulated vasorelaxation of garlic is partly mediated through EDHFs and cycloxygenase pathways. However, relaxing factor(s) other than NO, mediated through cGMP has a major role in the vasorelaxant response of garlic.     

Effect of garlic and garlic preparations on physiological and psychological stress in mice

The effect of several kinds of garlic preparations such as raw garlic juice (RGJ), heated garlic juice (HGJ), processed garlic powder (PGP) and aged garlic extract (AGE) on both physiological and psychological stress were investigated using four stress models in mice: forced swimming test, mechanical treadmill running, immobilization stress test, and a cooling rewarming test. RGJ was shown to be effective only at a low dose in the forced swimming test, whereas the effect was reduced at a high dosage. HGJ and PGP demonstrated no antistress effects. In contrast, AGE was shown to be effective in all of the stress tests. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

宁夏枸杞内生菌的抗菌和抗肿瘤活性研究

为筛选具有抗菌抗肿瘤活性的枸杞内生菌资源,对分离自宁夏枸杞的10株内生菌发酵液的抑菌活性和体外细胞毒活性进行检测,通过ITS和16S rDNA序列分析对菌株进行了分子鉴定。结果表明,5株内生真菌对供试病原菌都未表现出抑制活性,放线菌AL6对3种病原真菌都有一定的抑制作用,而AL5仅对金黄色葡萄球菌有较强抑制活性。但内生真菌的抗肿瘤活性明显强于放线菌。当发酵液浓度为0.2 g·L~(-1)时,有4株内生真菌至少对1种肿瘤细胞的抑制率高于50%。序列分析表明,5株内生真菌隶属于曲霉属、青霉属和翘孢霉属。5株内生放线菌隶属于链霉菌属、微球菌属和拟诺卡氏菌属。曲霉属菌株FL1对A549和HeLa细胞的抑制活性都较强,其IC_(50)分别为0.022,0.028 g·L~(-1),值得进一步研究。     

Garlic natural health products exhibit variable constituent levels and antimicrobial activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis

The composition of 19 garlic natural health products (NHPs) and fresh garlic extracts were determined, as was their antibacterial activity. The 19 NHPs and 5 fresh garlic extract standards were analysed for their principal active constituents. They were also extracted for 5, 10 or 15 min in water to fresh garlic equivalents of 200 mg/mL. The extract's minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) against three indicator microorganisms (Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) were determined by the broth microdilution method. While 47% of the aqueous garlic NHP extracts exhibited activity against N. gonorrhoeae, only 16% of the aqueous extracts inhibited S. aureus or E. faecalis at all three timepoints. Generally, products with high antimicrobial activity contained higher levels of garlic constituents with comparable activity to fresh garlic extracts, while products with marginal antibacterial activity often contained lower concentrations of constituents than their product labels indicated. Different extraction times affected antibacterial activity only against N. gonorrhoeae and tended to be correlated with levels of allicin. Thus, many extracts showed discrepancies in both composition, allicin:alliin ratio and antimicrobial activity, raising concerns as to standards of preparation and quality control for these products.