CHOP/GADD153在多囊卵巢综合征患者卵巢黄体颗粒细胞上的表达

目的:探讨内质网应激相关因子CHOP/GADD153在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者卵巢黄体颗粒细胞上的表达。方法:收集因PCOS不孕、行IVF-ET取卵时的黄体颗粒细胞(PCOS组,n=45)及因男方因素不孕、行IVF/ICSI-ET取卵时的黄体颗粒细胞(对照组,n=45),应用RT-PCR和Western blotting方法检测患者卵巢黄体颗粒细胞CHOP/GADD153的表达。结果:PCOS组CHOP/GADD153 mRNA水平(0.45±0.20)及蛋白水平(0.62±0.26)均较对照组(分别为0.40±0.18、0.56±0.17)有增高趋势,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:内质网应激标志蛋白CHOP/GADD153在PCOS患者卵巢黄体颗粒细胞上的表达无明显改变,推测PCOS患者卵巢黄体颗粒细胞内质网应激尚处于保护性阶段。     

卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞瘦素信号转导分子STAT3磷酸化在多囊卵巢综合征发病中的作用

目的:探讨瘦素在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)发病中的作用。方法:选择行IVF-ET治疗的30例PCOS患者根据体重指数(BMI)分为肥胖者(BMI≥24)15例和非肥胖者(BMI<24)15例,及同期排卵功能正常或单纯输卵管因素不孕的非PCOS肥胖者和非肥胖者各15例,采用ELISA检测各组血清瘦素水平;采用放射免疫法检测各组空腹血清胰岛素(FIN)水平;采用葡萄糖氧化酶法测定各组空腹血糖(FPG)水平,利用稳态模型(HOMA)计算胰岛素抵抗指数(即HOMA-IR);采用Western blotting检测卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞信号转导分子STAT3磷酸化水平;同法检测不同浓度的瘦素(0ng/ml、10ng/ml、100ng/ml、1000ng/ml)体外对正常人卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞STAT3磷酸化(p-STAT3)的影响。结果:①血清瘦素水平PCOS肥胖者最高,其后依次为对照组肥胖者、PCOS非肥胖者和对照组非肥胖者,各组之间两两比较,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05);②PCOS患者血清瘦素水平与BMI和HOMA-IR均呈显著正相关(r=0.707,P<0.01;r=0.761,P<0.01);③STAT3水平肥胖PCOS组最高,其后依次为肥胖对照组、非肥胖PCOS组和正常对照组,各组间两两比较,差异均具有显著性(P<0.05);④正常人卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞经不同浓度瘦素处理48h后,p-STAT3水平呈不同程度增加,至瘦素浓度达到100ng/ml时,p-STAT3水平达到高峰,随后呈下降趋势。结论:瘦素可能通过激活JAK2/STAT3信号传导通路参与PCOS排卵障碍的发生。     

BiP、CHOP和p-JNK在多囊卵巢综合征患者血白细胞中的表达

目的:探讨内质网应激(ERS)标志性蛋白中免疫球蛋白结合蛋白(BiP)、C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)及磷酸化-氨基末端激酶(p-JNK)在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者血白细胞中的表达。方法:选择PCOS不孕就诊的患者44例(PCOS组)和因男方因素或输卵管因素不孕就诊的患者50例(对照组)为研究对象。PCOS组根据胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)分为胰岛素抵抗组(22例)与非胰岛素抵抗组(22例)。应用RT-PCR和Western Blotting方法检测患者血白细胞中BiP、CHOP、JNK、磷酸化-氨基末端激酶(p-JNK)的表达水平。结果:PCOS组BiP mRNA水平(1.67±1.02)及蛋白水平(0.76±0.12)均明显高于对照组(分别为1.04±0.54、0.65±0.09),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PCOS组CHOP mRNA水平(0.79±0.49)及蛋白水平(0.75±0.30)均较对照组(分别为0.63±0.47、0.71±0.25)有增高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PCOS组JNK蛋白水平与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。PCOS组p-JNK蛋白水平(0.87±0.17)明显高于对照组(0.71±0.09),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。PCOS患者中胰岛素抵抗组和非胰岛素抵抗组的BiP、CHOP mRNA水平及蛋白水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PCOS患者血白细胞中ERS标志性蛋白BiP、p-JNK的表达异常,提示ERS可能通过活化JNK信号通路参与PCOS的发病。     

罗格列酮对体外培养的PCOS患者卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:探讨罗格列酮改善PCOS卵巢局部胰岛素抵抗的作用。方法:收集行IVF-ET治疗的11例PCOS患者(PCOS组)和15例排卵正常的输卵管性不孕患者(对照组)促排卵后黄素化颗粒细胞行体外培养,分别用不同浓度罗格列酮(0nmol/L、1nmol/L、10nmol/L、100nmol/L、1000nmol/L、10000nmol/L)处理细胞48h,采用RT-PCR和Westernblotting分别检测卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞胰岛素受体底物(IRS)-1和IRS-2mRNA的表达及蛋白含量。结果:①基础状态下,PCOS组IRS-1mRNA表达及蛋白含量较对照组显著增加;IRS-2mRNA表达及蛋白含量较对照组显著降低(P<0.05);②不同浓度罗格列酮作用后,PCOS组IRS-1mRNA及蛋白表达显著降低,IRS-2mRNA及蛋白表达显著增加,并呈剂量依赖性,而正常对照组无变化。结论:PCOS患者卵巢局部存在胰岛素抵抗,其原因可能与IRS-1和IRS-2mRNA及蛋白表达异常有关;罗格列酮可通过提高黄素化颗粒细胞IRS-2的表达,降低IRS-1的表达,改善PCOS患者卵巢局部胰岛素抵抗。     

卵巢细胞线粒体动力学变化与多囊卵巢综合征

多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是常见的女性内分泌疾病之一.PCOS患者颗粒细胞中调节线粒体动力学平衡关键因子表达水平的异常,提示PCOS患者卵巢细胞清除功能异常,线粒体的能力降低.卵巢细胞中异常线粒体的积聚不仅会影响细胞的胰岛素敏感性及甾体激素合成能力,还会直接降低卵泡细...     

多囊卵巢综合征的发育学起源

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是常见的生殖内分泌及代谢紊乱性疾病。通过对实验诱导的产前雄激素化的恒河猴和绵羊的观察,以及人类相关的数据的支持,得出结论：尽管PCOS是一个复杂的异质的疾病,但是其临床和生物学特征可以用卵巢雄激素产生的发育学起源所解释。胎儿的和（或）青春期的雄激素过剩重排下丘脑-垂体单元对黄体生成激素（LH）的控制,增加内脏脂肪分布,诱发胰岛素抵抗和无排卵,引起成年雄激素过多症的临床表现。其他的遗传和环境因素（尤其是饮食）可以与这个潜在的进程相互作用,修饰最终的表型,引起PCOS异质的特征。综述PCOS的发育学起源。     

血清脂联素水平测定在多囊卵巢综合征中的意义

目的:探讨脂联素水平在多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)中的意义。方法:选择我院PCOS患者48例作为研究对象,同期选择非PCOS患者40例作为对照,分为肥胖组与非肥胖组,胰岛素抵抗组与非胰岛素抵抗组。测定血清脂联素水平及内分泌代谢指标。结果:①PCOS组血清脂联素水平低于对照组(P<0.05);非肥胖PCOS组低于非肥胖对照组(P<0.05);胰岛素抵抗组低于非胰岛素抵抗组(P<0.05)。②血清脂联素水平与体重指数(BMI)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、腰臀比(WHR)、甘油三酯(TG)呈负相关(P<0.01,P<0.05),与葡萄糖胰岛素比值(GIR)、胰岛素敏感指数(ISI)呈正相关(P<0.01)。控制BMI影响后血清脂联素水平仍与HOMA-IR、TG呈负相关(P<0.05),与GIR、ISI呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论:①PCOS患者存在低脂联素血症,脂联素水平与胰岛素抵抗程度呈负相关。②脂联素可以作为PCOS发生糖尿病远期并发症的预测指标。     

Antithyroid Peroxidase Antibodies in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objective

To find the prevalence of thyroid autoimmunity in PCOS women of reproductive age group.

Methods

Study design: Observational study was done at ESIMC and PGIMSR K.K. Nagar March 2013–Feb 2014. Ninety cases of women with PCOS based on Rotterdam’s criteria and an equal number of age-matched controls (women without PCOS) were included in the study. Thyroid profile, antithyroid peroxidase titre, serum progesterone, testosterone and fasting blood sugar were estimated using standardised techniques.

Results

Menstrual irregularity (oligomenorrhoea and amenorrhoea) was the most common abnormality found in patients with PCOS compared with non-PCOS (p < 0.0001). Hyperandrogenism was the second most common manifestation present in PCOS of our study group. Hirsutism was the striking hyperandrogenic feature that was present in study group. PCOS patients had higher BMI compared to controls (p < 0.0001). The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was not significantly different in both the groups (p < 0.80). Anti-TPO titre was higher in PCOS patients (25.8 ± 2.9 IU/ml) compared to the controls (14.5 ± 2.3 IU/ml) (p < 0.009).

Conclusion

The present study shows that PCOS was associated with increased anti-TPO titres, thus emphasising the importance of screening all PCOS patients for anti-TPO along with routine thyroid profile.

     

肥胖与青少年多囊卵巢综合征

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是育龄妇女常见生殖内分泌疾病。近年发现,随着儿童肥胖患病率增加,青少年PCOS发病率也逐年提高。肥胖可通过增加外周循环胰岛素水平影响PCOS发病机制,PCOS患者高雄激素血症也会增加内脏脂肪沉积。肥胖会增加与PCOS相关的代谢和心血管方面的并发症的患病风险,如胰岛素抵抗（IR）、高脂血症、高血压以及临床症状不明显的动脉粥样硬化等。早期识别青春期PCOS,有利于及时纠正、阻断其内分泌紊乱,防止近期及远期并发症发生。     

肥胖与青少年多囊卵巢综合征

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是育龄妇女常见生殖内分泌疾病。近年发现,随着儿童肥胖患病率增加,青少年PCOS发病率也逐年提高。肥胖可通过增加外周循环胰岛素水平影响PCOS发病机制,PCOS患者高雄激素血症也会增加内脏脂肪沉积。肥胖会增加与PCOS相关的代谢和心血管方面的并发症的患病风险,如胰岛素抵抗（IR）、高脂血症、高血压以及临床症状不明显的动脉粥样硬化等。早期识别青春期PCOS,有利于及时纠正、阻断其内分泌紊乱,防止近期及远期并发症发生。     

Characteristics of Adolescents with Differing Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes

Study ObjectiveTo analyze clinical, metabolic, hormonal, and ultrasound characteristics of adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes.DesignWe performed a retrospective analysis of quality improvement data. We divided patients according to phenotype on the basis of clinical or biochemical diagnosis of hyperandrogenism (HA), irregular menstruation (IM), and presence or absence of polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) on pelvic ultrasound (PUS) images, if obtained. The 5 resulting groups were: (1) HA/IM/normal PUS, n = 28; (2) HA/PCOM, n = 10; (3) IM/PCOM, n = 18; (4) HA/IM/PCOM, n = 40; and (5) HA/IM/no PUS obtained, n = 80. We compared parameters between groups using the nonparametric Wilcoxon rank sum test.SettingBoston Children's Hospital, 2012-2016.ParticipantsOne hundred seventy-six girls and young women aged 11-25 years.InterventionsNone.Main Outcome Measures(1) Clinical, metabolic, and hormonal characteristics; and (2) PUS measurements.ResultsGroups with HA had significantly higher acne scores, Ferriman-Gallwey scores, and total and free testosterone concentrations than groups without HA. Significant differences in hemoglobin A1c were found between the IM/PCOM and HA/IM/PCOM groups (5.1% vs 5.3%; P = .01) and the IM/PCOM and HA/IM/no PUS groups (5.1% vs 5.3%; P < .01). In patients who had ultrasound performed, 49/94 (52.1%) met PCOM criteria on the basis of ovarian size, 37/94 (39.4%) on the basis of follicle number, and 27/94 (28.7%) on both; 10/94 (10.5)% had incidental findings on ultrasound, with 2 patients requiring further management.ConclusionLimited differences in clinical, metabolic, and hormonal characteristics exist between adolescents with different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome, and are mostly related to the presence or absence of HA. Of patients with ultrasound examinations, only 2 had clinically actionable incidental findings.     

多囊卵巢综合征的心血管疾病风险

胰岛素抵抗、腹型肥胖、脂代谢紊乱、低度慢性炎症和高雄激素是多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的主要心血管危险因素,而其他因素如同型半胱氨酸、氧化应激、血栓形成等也可能增加心血管危险。而且,代谢综合征、2型糖尿病、高血压和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停等疾病在PCOS人群中更为常见,同样提示PCOS和心血管疾病问可能存在某种关系。然而,目前并无任何流行病学资料显示。PCOS人群比正常同龄人心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率更高。考虑到PCOS中高发的心血管危险因素,仍需对其远期风险给予重视并给予早期干预。     

多囊卵巢综合征的心血管疾病风险

胰岛素抵抗、腹型肥胖、脂代谢紊乱、低度慢性炎症和高雄激素是多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的主要心血管危险因素,而其他因素如同型半胱氨酸、氧化应激、血栓形成等也可能增加心血管危险.而且.代谢综合征、2型糖尿病、高血压和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停等疾病在PCOS人群中更为常见,同样提示PCOS和心血管疾病间可能存在某种关系.然而,目前并无任何流行病学资料显示,PCOS人群比正常同龄人心血管疾病的发病率和死亡率更高.考虑到PCOS中高发的心血管危险因素,仍需对其远期风险给予重视并给予早期干预.     

Menstrual Cycle Alterations during Adolescence: Early Expression of Metabolic Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Study ObjectiveTo assess the importance of the menstrual pattern as a marker for clinical and laboratory alterations related to metabolic syndrome (MS) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among Brazilian adolescents.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingEndocrine Gynecology Outpatient Clinic of the Adolescent Health Studies Center (NESA) at the Pedro Ernesto University Hospital.Participants59 girls (12-19 years old) were classified by their menstrual cycles as regular (n = 23) and irregular (n = 36).InterventionNone.Main Outcome MeasuresBiochemical collections were made of peripheral blood after fasting for 12 hours, and the oral glucose tolerance test with 75 g of anhydrous glucose.ResultsPCOS, MS, and the criteria for MS were significantly more frequent (P < .05) in the subgroup with irregular menstruation. Adolescents with irregular cycles presented a significant increase in waist circumference, glycemia 2 hours after oral glucose overload (2 h), fasting and 2-h insulin, HOMA-IR, and triglycerides. In contrast, the glucose/insulin ratio, quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index, and HDL serum levels were significantly lower among patients with irregular menstruation, compared to those with regular cycles. In the logistic regression, we noted that insulin 2 h ≥ 75 μIU/mL (r = 1.90; P = .018), waist circumference > 95 cm (r = 2.21; P = .006) and diagnosis of PCOS (r = 1.93; P = .023) were significantly correlated to irregular cycles.ConclusionsWe concluded that close observation of menstrual cycle patterns is an important tool for identifying adolescents at higher risk of developing PCOS and MS.     

Insulin Resistance and Adolescent Girls with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Study ObjectivesTo estimate (1) the prevalence of insulin resistance (IR), by fasting glucose: insulin ratio (G:I < 7.0) in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), (2) to compare the clinical and biochemical parameters between insulin-resistant and non-insulin resistant groups.DesignCase series.SettingClinic based.Participants49 adolescent girls with complaints of oligomenorrhoea with hirsutism and or acne.InterventionsForty-nine adolescent girls diagnosed to have PCOS (Rotterdam 2003 criteria) were studied. Body mass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC), hirsutism (Ferriman Gallway score ≥ 6), presence of acne, acanthosis nigricans (AN) were noted in each case. Serum testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were measured. Free androgen index (FAI) was calculated.Results69.4% of these girls were found to have IR. There were no differences in age, BMI, AC, serum testosterone, FAI and fasting glucose levels between insulin resistant and non-insulin resistant girls. But there were significant differences in frequencies of hirsutism, acne, AN, and serum levels of SHBG and fasting insulin between the two groups.ConclusionAdolescent girls with PCOS and IR are more hirsute and have more AN and lower SHBG and higher fasting insulin levels compared to non-insulin resistant girls.     

PCOS患者子宫内膜白血病抑制因子的表达及意义

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者不同组织学分期的子宫内膜白血病抑制因子(LIF)的表达与子宫内膜容受性的关系。方法:20例已婚PCOS患者(PCOS组)和26例已婚不孕症患者(对照组)在月经周期第5￣14日及排卵后7￣8 d采集其子宫内膜标本,经HE染色判定内膜组织学分期,采用免疫组织化学法检测内膜LIF的表达。结果:PCOS组间质反应不良和分泌反应欠佳的发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.000,P<0.05;χ2=7.219,P<0.01)。LIF的表达以腺上皮细胞的胞质为主,其在分泌中期子宫内膜的表达水平均高于增生期(P<0.01)。LIF在PCOS组增生期和分泌中期子宫内膜的表达水平均低于其相应的对照组(P<0.01)。结论:PCOS患者着床窗口期LIF的低表达可能影响着床的多个环节,参与了PCOS患者内分泌紊乱纠正后仍出现妊娠率低、流产率高的发生、发展过程。