1992—1996年部队流行性出血热疫情分析

目的：分析近年来部队流行性出血热病例发病特点、趋势及规律，为部队流行性出血热防治提供参考。方法：利用ＦｏｘＰｒｏ建立数据库，采用ＥｐｉＩｎｆｏ软件包进行统计分析；采用时间序列方法对流行性出血热病例发病时间进行分析。结果：１９９２～１９９６年全军共报告流行性出血热病例５９６例，各年度报告病例数依次为６７例、１２４例、１２２例、１４２例和１４１例。所有病例中干部１５１例占２５．４％，战士４２２例占７０．８％，职工及其他人员２３例占３．８％。除１９９２年秋冬季高峰不明显外，其余各年度均呈现一定程度的春夏和秋冬两个季节发病高峰，以春夏高峰为主。５年中共报告暴发疫情５起，发病９３例，占总报告发病数的１５．６％；因流行性出血热死亡６例，病死率１％。结论：部队流行性出血热发病时间具有特殊的时间分布规律，发病率有增加趋势，已给部队造成了一定的危害。建议进一步加强部队流行性出血热的防制工作，包括制定规划、加强疫情监测、防鼠灭鼠及疫苗接种等措施。     

1992～2001年部队肺结核发病特点和趋势分析

目的 分析近10年来部队肺结核发病特点和报告情况,为部队肺结核防治提供参考。方法 肺结核的诊断按国家统一标准。数据资料来源于全军疾病监测中心的疫情报告数据库。用军队疾病监测信息管理系统以及EpiInfo、SPSS、Excel软件进行统计分析,并计算季节指数以分析时间发病趋势。结果 1992～2001年全军共报告肺结核14331例,10年期间均居报告传染病的第3位;1996年以前,肺结核发病数逐年升高,1996年以后,逐年降低;所有病例中,男性占92.31％,干部占25.64％,战士占66.07％,发病年龄以19～25岁居多;发病时间以5～10月份较高;28.13％的病例发病1月后才就诊,近30％的病例报告延迟超过5d。结论 近10年部队肺结核发病仍较严重,发病特点与部队人群构成有关,部队肺结核存在就诊延迟和报告不及时的问题,建议在病例的发现、报告、治疗管理等方面采取综合措施,控制部队肺结核的蔓延。     

西南部队2000～2002年肺结核发病特点分析

目的 调查部队肺结核流行状况并分析发病特点,为制定更加有效的防治措施提供科学依据。方法 收集驻西南各医院2000～2002年的有效传染病报告卡,采用全军“军队疫情监测管理信息系统”进行统计分析。结果 3年中,西南部队共报告肺结核519例,其中2000年占30．44％,2001年占35．65％,2002年占33．91％;肺结核是排第3位的传染病,其发病特点是：全年均有发病,1月和10～12月发病较少,2～9月发病较多,发病高峰出现在5、6月份;30岁以下病人占89．79％;40岁以上者仅占5．20％,但逐年上升的趋势明显;所有病例中,男性占97．11％,呈逐年下降趋势,女性占2．89％,呈逐年上升趋势;战士占77．84％,干部占17．53％,有逐年下降趋势。结论 肺结核仍是西南部队官兵中排第3位的传染病,应进一步采取措施控制疫情传播和降低发病率。     

中国南方部队肺结核住院病例流行病学调查研究

目的：了解南方部队结构发病情况，探讨其流行规律，为预防提供参考依据。方法：设计统一调查表，调查某战区被指定收治结核病的3家部队综合医院，对1997年5月－2001年6月收治的部队结核病患者临床资料进行分析，结果：共调查病例261例，全部为肺结核患者，以浸润型为主，占80．4％，平均发病年龄22．6岁；88．1％的病例为有症状后主动就诊，发现较迟，驻乡村部队病患者显著多于驻城镇部队，发病时间以3－5月份较集中，占39．5％，结论：肺结核诊断不及时和管理不当是该区部队肺结核发病的重要原因之一；应加强部队官兵的结核病防治知识教育，防止结核病在部队内部传播。     

某战区部队1992～1998年传染病疫情分析

目的：分析近年来某战区部队传染病发病特点和疫情动态变化规律,为科学制定部队传染病防治对策提供参考。方法：用计算机数据库管理软件系统进行录入、修改、依据病例发病进行统计分析。结果：１９９２－１９９８年该战区部队传染病发病呈现下降趋势,发病以肠道传染病为主,占一半以上,其发病率逐年下降,而呼吸道传染病逐年上升。细菌性痢疾、病毒性肝炎、肺结核是部队常见病、多发病,这三种传染病累计发病数占全部传染病的８９     

余姚市2005—2011年学生肺结核流行病学特征分析

目的：了解余姚市学生肺结核流行特征,为学校结核病防控提供依据。方法：采用描述流行病学方法对2005—2011年结核病管理信息系统中学生肺结核发病资料进行分析,回顾性调查病例隔离时间及就诊延误时间。结果：2005—2011年余姚市学生肺结核患者共报告114例,平均发病率为8．17／10万;男生发病人数多于女生,高发年龄为15—19岁;发病时间集中在2月份及4—6月份;发病学生平均就诊延误率为40％。结论：余姚市学生肺结核疫情防控形势依然严峻,应进一步加强防控工作,防止结核病在学校蔓延。     

1992～2005年全军肺结核监测与调查分析

目的掌握军队肺结核发病状况,为控制部队结核病疫情提供依据。方法通过全军疾病监测中心获得军队肺结核发病报告例数,对肺结核病例进行分析。结果1992~2005年,军队肺结核年发病报告例数为1 060~2 272例,占传染病年报告总数的10.1%~24.5%,列军队传染病年发病序位的第2位。新发肺结核平均发病年龄为28.9岁;2005年平均住院天数(41 d)比1992年(79 d)降低48.1%(38 d)。肺结核病例的职别:战士占68.1%,干部占29.9%(含老干部3.5%),职工占2.0%。肺结核分型:继发型76.8%,结核性胸膜炎11.4%,继发型 胸膜炎8.6%,原发型1.8%,血行播散型1.4%;痰菌阳性肺结核占发病总数18.2%。新发肺结核治疗采用6~9个月短程化疗,治愈率达98%,远期复发率1%~2%。结论军队肺结核发病以因症就诊与非结核中心发现为主,以战士发病为主,以继发型肺结核为主。肺结核治疗以短程化疗为主。     

某区部队10年麻疹疫情分析

某区部队近10年传染病日监测报告卡数据库显示,麻疹在部队新兵中呈局部暴发,发病一直未见下降趋势。为此,我们分析了该部队近10年麻疹暴发的流行病学特征和发生原因,为加强部队麻疹的预防控制提供依据。1资料来源与方法麻疹疫情资料来源于某区部队收到的所属各级医疗、卫生机构上报的传染病报告卡数据和该区部队住院军人病案。依据病例的发病时间、地点等,依据全军疫情报告要求规定进行分类统计与分析。2结果(1)发病情况:该区部队1996~2005年共发生麻疹355例,占全区部队传染病报告发病总数的12.74%。355例麻疹中,1996年发病率2.9/万,1997年…     

南京市2005-2015年学校肺结核流行特征与时间趋势分析

目的 通过研究南京市2005-2015年学校肺结核流行特征及时间趋势,掌握学校肺结核发病特点,为政府制定科学的控制策略提供依据。方法 采用χ2检验、年估计变化百分比（estimating average percent change,EAPC）等方法对南京市2005-2015年的学校肺结核发病资料进行分析。结果 2005-2015年,全市共登记报告2 833例学校肺结核患者,其中学生病例2 511人,教师病例322人。学校肺结核报告发病率呈现下降趋势,其EAPC值=-10.87%（P<0.001）。各年份学生肺结核报告发病率始终低于教师发病率。学生肺结核患者确诊平均年龄为（20.41±3.97）岁,教师肺结核患者确诊年龄平均为（41.70±12.19）岁。2月份学校肺结核发病人数最少,4月份发病人数最多,总的来说春季学校肺结核发病人数较多。结论 近年来南京市学校肺结核报告发病率逐年下降,学校结核病疫情得到有效控制,但仍需加强全市学校结核病防控工作。     

2005—2011年嵊州市学生活动性肺结核发现情况分析

目的：了解嵊州市学生肺结核发现情况,为预防和控制学校肺结核疫情发生提供依据。方法：采取描述性统计方法对嵊州市2005—2011年传染病网络直报系统报告的学生肺结核发病资料开展分析。结果：2005—2011年全市共报告学生活动性肺结核病例151例,其中涂阳病例33例,涂阴病例109例,未痰检病例9例;因症就诊为主要发现方式占71．94％;接触者筛查发现占20．86％,健康体检及其他发现占7．20％;存在就诊延误,总就诊延误率为34．44％,涂阳病例就诊延误率为54．55％;发病男生多于女生,男女性别比为1．56：1;15岁以上年龄高中组学生肺结核报告发病数为主,占全部学生数的77．12％;每年3—5月为病例发现高峰期。结论：嵊州市学生肺结核以因症就诊发现病例为主,其次为接触者筛查,存在就诊延误,应加强学生结核病健康教育,提高可疑肺结核相关知识的知晓率,做好新生入学结核病筛查及体检工作,做到早发现,防制学校肺结核疫情的发生。     

Profile of notified tuberculosis cases and factors associated with treatment dropout

OBJECTIVE: To describe the profile of notified tuberculosis cases and analyze the factors associated with treatment dropout. METHODS: A total of 178 cases of tuberculosis notified in the western region of Belo Horizonte (Southeastern Brazil) in 2001 and 2002 and recorded in the National System for Notifiable Diseases were described. An unmatched case-control study was conducted, with data collected by means of interviews, to compare patients who dropped out of treatment with those who achieved cure. The following variables were analyzed: sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics, associations with AIDS, side effects, information on the disease and interest in treatment. Univariate analysis and unconditional logistic regression for multivariate analysis were used. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence limits were used as the measurement for associations. RESULTS: The coefficient of incidence was 56.6/100,000 inhabitants. There was predominance of men aged 30 to 49 years and of the pulmonary form (76.4%) and bacillary form (72.5%). Among the notified cases, 65.2% achieved cure, 12.4% dropped out of treatment and 9.6% died. Treatment location had no influence on the results. In the case-control study, there was no difference regarding gender, color, schooling, income, occupation, family support, association with AIDS and alcohol consumption. The use of drugs, interest in treatment and information about the disease were shown to be independently associated with dropout. CONCLUSIONS: Adherence to treatment is a challenge in controlling tuberculosis. The protection factors (interest in treatment and information about the disease) and recognition that drug use is a risk factor must form part of the strategies for patient care in order to reduce dropout rates and restore health.     

2005 - 2014年吉安市肺结核流行病学特征分析

目的 分析吉安市2005 - 2014年肺结核流行病学特征,为控制我市肺结核疫情提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性方法对肺结核流行病学特征进行分析。结果 2005 - 2014年吉安市共报告肺结核病例41 928例,年平均发病率为88.37/10万,10年来吉安市肺结核发病率呈逐年下降趋势。发病年龄主要集中在25～64岁的年龄组,共计26 972例,占发病总数的64.33%。发病最少的是15岁以下年龄组,为5 260例,占发病总数的12.55%。发病职业构成以农民最高,为32 425例,占发病总数的77.33%。结论 吉安市近10年来肺结核发病率下降明显,肺结核疫情得到了一定的控制。但农民仍然是肺结核病的高发人群,今后的结核病防治工作应重点关注农村。     

1992～2005年军队传染病流行趋势分析

目的分析1992~2005年军队传染病流行趋势和主要传染病发病状况,为部队传染病防治提供参考。方法数据资料来源于全军疾病监测中心的疫情报告数据库,用FoxPro、Epiinfo、Excel等软件进行统计分析。结果1992~2005年军队报告传染病年平均发病率为2.7‰,总体下降幅度为24.3%。2005年肠道传染病发病率较1992年下降近60%,其构成比也由65.3%降至35.3%。呼吸道传染病呈上升趋势,上升幅度超过70%,其构成也于最近几年超过肠道传染病,跃居第1位。血源和性传播疾病构成有所升高,其中性传播疾病的发病明显升高,并出现了艾滋病病例。每年报告前3位的病种均是病毒性肝炎、痢疾、肺结核,但序位有变化。感染性腹泻、流行性腮腺炎、伤寒和副伤寒、麻疹4种疾病一直居第4~10位中。甲型肝炎、痢疾发病率明显下降,麻疹、伤寒和副伤寒、肺结核等疾病明显上升,血吸虫病出现反弹。结论近十几年来,军队传染病总体发病趋势略有下降,肠道传染病明显降低,而呼吸道传染病和性传播疾病上升。仍以病毒性肝炎、痢疾和肺结核居发病前3位。麻疹、伤寒等发病升高,戊型肝炎、AIDS等新发传染病不断出现。因此,军队传染病的防控应采取以呼吸道传染病防控为重点、防范新发传染病的综合防控策略。     

Epidemiology of tuberculosis in France in 2005

This article presents results on cases of tuberculosis disease notified in France in 2005 by mandatory notification. In 2005, a total of 5,374 cases were notified in France, representing a rate of 8.9 cases per 100,000. The notification rate per 100,000 was below 10 in all French regions, except the Ile-de-France and French Guyana (with respective rates of 19.7/10(5) and 44.0/10(5)). Notification rates were higher in some population groups such as people born abroad (41.5/10(5)), especially those born in sub-Saharan Africa (160/10(5)), and those recently (<2 years) arrived in France (251/10(5)), in homeless people (214/10(5)), and in persons aged 80 years and over (21.7/10(5)). Pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 73% of notified cases, 79% of which were contagious (positive direct examination of sputum, positive culture). Results from the notification of tuberculosis disease in 2005 indicate a continuing decrease of incidence in France. However, the high incidence in some population groups requires adapting public health actions to the needs of population groups more exposed to tuberculosis.     

Tuberculosis among city jail inmates in Campinas, S?o Paulo, Brazil]

OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence of tuberculosis among inmates of the municipal prison system in the city of Campinas, State of S?o Paulo, Brazil, from 1993 through 2000. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out of the number of cases of tuberculosis that were notified among inmates over the study period. This involved reviewing data from a total of 4,293 inmates who were held in the four prisons that comprise Campinas' municipal prison system. Data were obtained from the tuberculosis database belonging to the Department of Social and Preventive Medicine of the School of Medical Sciences at the State University of Campinas. RESULTS: The incidence of tuberculosis peaked in 1994 (1,397.62 cases per 100,000) and was lowest in 1999 (559.04 cases per 100,000). Most cases of tuberculosis occurred in inmates in the 25 to 34 year age group (62.6%). Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was the disease most commonly associated with tuberculosis (49.9%), which was most often pulmonary in type (91.9%), with positive sputum smears in 70.3% of the inmates tested. Most inmates had not received treatment before (75.4%). The treatment dropout rate reached 49%, and a cure was achieved in only 20.8% of the cases notified over the study period. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of tuberculosis observed in this study was moderate when compared to incidence rates found in other studies of prison inmates, but this could be due to underreporting. The frequency of treatment failure noted was low, since patients who were treated under supervision showed good adherence and were cured in the majority of cases. However, the high treatment dropout rate seen in the study is alarming because it could facilitate the spread of drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the community at large. Controlling tuberculosis among prison inmates should be part of routine interventions aimed at eliminating this disease from the community and at preventing resistance to antituberculosis therapy.     

2015-2018年南宁市学生肺结核空间分布及影响因素分析

目的 了解南宁市在校中小学生及大学生肺结核的流行特征,分析空间效应影响下影响因素的作用机制,为制定肺结核防控措施提供参考.方法 通过空间扫描统计分析南宁市学生肺结核乡镇级别的报告发病情况,以描述疾病的空间聚集情况.并基于南宁市区县级别空间面板数据建立空间杜宾模型分析空间效应及影响因素.结果 2015-2018年南宁市学...     

2006-2014年锦屏县学生肺结核疫情特征分析

摘要:目的　分析学生肺结核疫情特征,为进一步做好学校肺结核防控工作提供科学依据。方法　采用描述性分析方法,分析2006-2014年学生肺结核发病情况、分型特征、性别特征、年龄特征、发现方式与就诊延误情况。结果　2006-2014年锦屏县共报告肺结核病例3949例,其中学生肺结核161（4.08%）,学生肺结核年报告发病率为52.30/10万,9年间变化趋势差异无统计学意义（χ2＝6.56,P＞0.05）;学生涂阳肺结核26例（16.15%）,涂阳率为19.85%（26/131）,涂阴肺结核105例（65.22%）,未查痰30例（18.63%）;病例来源于医院转诊68例（42.24%）,因症到结防机构56例（34.78%）,县乡级追踪37例（22.98%）;小学生21例（13.04%）、初中学生53例（32.92%）、高中及以上87例（54.04%）;就诊延误92例（57.14%）,各年度就诊延误率差异有统计学意义（χ2＝23.88,P＜0.05）。结论　应进一步加强学校疫情监测,提高及时就诊率,防止学校肺结核疫情暴发流行。     

Specificity of notification for tuberculosis among screened refugees in NSW

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) in Australia is dependent on the accuracy of the notification data. We have investigated the specificity of TB notification for the diagnosis of this disease. METHOD: We used data from notifications to the NSW Department of Health to identify members of a cohort of refugees who were screened between 1984 and 1993 and subsequently developed TB during that period. We reviewed notification data and, in most instances, case notes and x-ray films, to independently confirm or refute the diagnosis of TB. RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty members of the cohort were identified in the notification database. After excluding refugees on treatment prior to arrival in Australia, and those who were notified as 'quiescent' and 'atypical' cases, there were 189 cases notified as active TB. There was evidence to support the diagnosis of active TB in 125 cases (66%) and evidence that subjects did not have active disease in 60 cases (32%). We could not determine the status of the remaining four notified cases. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that, in a population of refugees subject to screening, nearly one-third of cases notified as active tuberculosis from the study population were actually not active tuberculosis cases. IMPLICATIONS: The use of the TB notification database may result in overestimation of the incidence of TB in population groups who are subject to active screening.