腹腔镜全直肠系膜联合内括约肌切除术治疗超低位直肠癌的围手术期护理

目的 探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜联合内括约肌切除术治疗超低位直肠癌的围手术期护理方法。 方法 对12例TME联合ISR手术治疗患者的临床护理资料进行回顾性分析。 结果 本组患者行TME联合ISR手术治疗,并实施科学细致的护理,所有患者手术过程顺利,损伤较小,术后恢复快,肛门功能良好,未见肿瘤转移复发。结论 腹腔镜TME联合ISR保肛治疗超低位直肠癌疗效肯定,较好地保留了肛门功能,提高患者的生存质量,全面细致的围手术期护理工作是手术成功、病人顺利恢复的重要保证。     

经腹腔镜经肛门括约肌间直肠切除结肠肛管吻合术治疗超低位直肠癌13例

目的 探讨经腹腔镜经肛门括约肌间直肠切除结肠肛管吻合术对超低位直肠癌保肛手术的治疗效果.方法 从2005年6月到2007年12月期间对13例患者施行该手术.其中男8例,女5例,平均年龄53岁(41～69岁).肿瘤距离肛缘均小于5 cm.结果 13例手术全部成功,无手术死亡,无吻合口漏发生.随访时间为1～30个月,平均随访17个月,1例盆腔复发,1例肝转移;无戳孔种植转移,术后6个月肛门括约肌功能达优良者9例.结论 经腹腔镜经肛门括约肌间直肠切除结肠肛管吻合术是治疗超低位直肠癌的一种微创、安全、疗效可靠、肛门括约肌功能满意的较理想保肛手术.     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜切除术联合经肛门内括约肌切除术治疗超低位直肠癌

目的探讨腹腔镜全系膜切除术（TME）联合经肛门内括约肌切除术（ISR）对超低位直肠癌的治疗效果。方法对接受腹腔镜TME联合经肛ISR手术的35例超低位直肠癌患者的临床和随访资料进行回顾性分析。结果35例患者肿瘤下缘距肛门2～5（平均3．4）cm;高、中分化腺癌32例,绒毛状腺瘤癌变3例;pTNMⅠ期16例,ⅡA期15例,ⅢA期3例,ⅢB期1例。术后末端回肠造口狭窄1例,吻合口瘘3例（均为未行末端回肠造E1者）。经4～49（中位时间16）个月的随访．1例患者出现吻合口复发．1例死于肝转移。随访满1年的19例患者术后1年排粪次数为1～4次／d．控便时间5min以上。结论腹腔镜TME联合经肛ISR治疗超低位直肠癌具有根治、保肛和微创的优点!侣廊进行严格的病例选择．     

内括约肌切除术治疗超低位直肠癌的初步报道

目的：评价内括约肌切除术（ISR）在超低位直肠癌的应用效果。方法：回顾性分析我院2004年5月至2006年4月14例ISR手术的临床资料。结果：本组病人无死亡率，有2例并发症。所有病人的远切缘和侧切缘都为阴性。根据Kirwan分级，病人的控便功能满意。结论：在超低位直肠癌根治术应用ISR技术，既彻底达到了肿瘤根治效果，又保留了肛门的主要功能，提高了病人的生活质量。     

腹腔镜全直肠系膜联合经肛门内括约肌切除治疗低位直肠癌的疗效探讨

目的探讨腹腔镜全直肠系膜（TME）联合经肛门内括约肌切除（ISR）治疗低位直肠癌的疗效,评估手术的安全性。方法回顾性分析2009年1月至2012年12月采用腹腔镜TME联合ISR术治疗的42例低位直肠肿瘤患者（腹腔镜组）,同时选取2006年1月至2012年12月开腹行TME联合ISR术治疗的44例低位直肠肿瘤患者（开腹组）。比较分析两组患者的一般资料、手术情况、临床病理特点、术后并发症和术后生活质量。结果两组患者的一般情况和术后临床病理特点相近。腹腔镜组患者均顺利完成手术,总体手术时间（min）明显小于开腹组（181.2±65.4 vs 216.6±82.9,t=2.192,P=0.031）,出血量（ml）亦明显小于开腹组（83.2±37.5 vs 117.4±33.0,t=4.495,P〈0.01）。4例低位直肠癌患者发生吻合口瘘,经保守治疗治愈,并发症发生率与开腹组相比差异无统计学意义。两组患者肛门功能自我评价以及KIRWAN分级差异均无统计学意义。结论对于术前评估早中期低位甚至超低位直肠癌,特别是肿瘤没有侵犯肛门内括约肌的患者,采用腹腔镜TME联合ISR术是安全可行的,提高了保肛成功率,保留患者术后肛门括约肌功能,改善生活质量。     

腹腔镜与开腹直肠全系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌的临床对比研究

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助直肠全系膜切除术治疗低位直肠癌的可行性、安全性及近期临床疗效。方法将2001年9月至2003年6月我院同期收治的低位或超低位直肠癌患者,分腹腔镜组和传统开腹组进行手术,对其临床资料进行比较分析。结果腹腔镜组62例,其中3例(4.8%)中转开腹;开腹手术79例。两组手术时间分别为(155.1±48.8)min和(136.1±34.9)min,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。术中平均出血量分别为(69.3±70.1)ml和(100.7±110.5)ml,腹腔镜组明显少于开腹组(P<0.05)。两组在肠段切除长度、肿块距下切缘距离和淋巴结清扫范围方面比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。恢复肠道功能的时间腹腔镜组为(2.0±1.4)d,开腹组(3.2±1.1)d,两组比较,差异有显著性意义(P=0.000)。术后并发症发生率分别为16.1%和38.0%,两组比较,差异有显著性意义(P=0.004)。局部复发率分别为3.4%和5.4%。结论腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术对低位、超低位直肠癌患者能够达到TME的治疗原则,并可取得与开腹手术同样的肿瘤根治性效果。     

直肠全系膜切除术(TME)治疗中低位直肠癌76例分析

目的探讨全直肠系膜切除术(TME)治疗中低位置肠癌的效果。方法回顾分析76例中低位直肠癌行TME患者的临床资料。结果切缘距肿瘤下缘2 cm者30例,3 cm者25例,4 cm者19例,4.5 cm者3例。均用双吻合器吻合。术后发生吻合口瘘4例,吻合口不同程度狭窄8例。排便功能术后4个月逐渐趋于正常。局部复发率7.8%,5年存活率为68%。结论 TME应作为治疗中低位直肠癌的首选术式。     

腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术治疗中、低位直肠癌的临床安全性对比研究

目的：探讨腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除治疗中、低位直肠癌手术的安全性。方法：回顾性对比分析我院2002年12月～2005年12月开腹直肠癌全系膜切除的病例（开腹组52例），以及2003年1月～2006年6月腹腔镜直肠癌全系膜切除的病例（腹腔镜组49例）。结果：腹腔镜组与开腹组一般资料差异无显著性。与开腹组比较，腹腔镜组术中出血量少[直肠癌前切除术（160±106）ml（n=37）vs（298±186）ml（n=36），t=-3．908，P=0．000；腹会阴联合直肠癌根治术（180±153）ml（n=10）vs（356±170）ml（n=14），t=-2．604，P=0．016]。腹腔镜组肠道功能恢复时间早于开腹手术组[（2．4±1．8）dVS（3．6±1．5）d，t=-3．648，P=0．000]。腹腔镜组总并发症的发生率低于开腹组[14．3％（7／49）g844．2％（23／52），x^2=10．834，P=0．001]。两组清扫淋巴结的数目无差异（12．7±6．5VS13．6±7．0，t=-0．668，P=0．505），下切缘均为阴性。腹腔镜组45例（91．8％）随访2～42个月，开腹组47例（90．4％）随访6～42个月，局部复发率分别4．4％（2／45）、4．3％（2／47）。结论：腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除治疗中、低位直肠癌安全、可行。     

腹腔镜辅助经肛直肠全系膜切除术治疗超低位直肠癌的疗效及安全性分析

目的通过与腹腔镜直肠全系膜切除术（La-TME）比较,分析腹腔镜辅助经肛直肠全系膜切除术（La-TaTME）用于治疗超低位直肠癌的临床疗效及安全性。 方法选取2015年8月至2018年3月成都市温江区人民医院收治的114例超低位直肠癌患者,随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,各57例,分别进行La-TaTME和La-TME治疗。比较两组患者临床指标、便秘患者生活质量量表（PAC-QOL）评分、排尿功能、并发症及预后情况。 结果与对照组比较,观察组手术时间更长,肛门排气时间、住院时间更短,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。术后12个月时,两组患者PAC-QOL评分均显著增高,且观察组高于同期对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后排尿功能、并发症发生率以及1年生存率、远处转移率和局部复发率差异均无统计学意义。 结论La-TaTME治疗超低位直肠癌的手术时间较La-TME有所延长,但更有利于患者早期康复和生活质量的提高。     

内括约肌切除术用于超低位直肠癌研究进展

近年来,在保证根治性的前提下,保留肛门功能和改善患者的术后生活质量成为低位直肠癌治疗的重要目标。对于距离齿状线小于2cm或距肛缘5cm内的超低位直肠癌,传统的腹会阴联合切除术使患者承受永久性造口的痛苦,而内括约肌切除术（ISR）解决了部分超低位直肠癌患者,因切除肛门及永久性造口而导致生活质量较差的问题。本文将对ISR的研究现状、适应症、手术进展及预后等结合现有文献作一综述。     

经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

目的 探讨经肛内括约肌切除术(ISR)联合经腹全系膜切除术(TME)对超低位直肠肿瘤患者保肛的临床应用.方法 对34例无肛门外括约肌受侵的超低位直肠肿瘤患者给予经肛ISR联合经腹TME手术的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 34例患者远切缘距肿瘤下缘距离为2.1 cm(1.8～3.0 cm).病理类型:腺癌23例(其中高分化9例,中分化14例),乳头状癌1例,直肠间质瘤2例,绒毛状腺瘤癌变5例,巨大绒毛状腺瘤3例.病理分期(术后):pTNM 1期18例,ⅡA期5例,ⅡB期1例,ⅢA期4例,ⅢB期1例;T分级:T1 15例,T2 5例,T3 8例,T4 1例.全组无手术死亡,发生吻合口狭窄3例,吻合121裂开2例,直肠阴道瘘2例.术后早期大便次数3～12次/d,肛门控便能力明显下降;术后6～12个月肛门功能逐渐恢复,大便次数1～5次/d,部分患者恢复正常.但是内括约肌全切术患者1年后仍然时有粪污发生.术后随访时间平均26个月,术后5个月吻合口复发1例,术后28个月和10个月肝转移各1例,术后26个月心源性猝死1例.结论 在严格掌握适应证的前提下经肛ISR符合肿瘤的根治性原则,又能保留肛门功能.     

经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

Objective To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans- abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors. Methods Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed Results The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2. 1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with canceration and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 eases at stage pTNM Ⅰ , 5 at Ⅱ A, 1 at Ⅱ B, 4 at ⅢA, 1 at ⅢB and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months. Conclusion The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.     

经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

Objective To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans- abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors. Methods Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed Results The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2. 1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with canceration and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 eases at stage pTNM Ⅰ , 5 at Ⅱ A, 1 at Ⅱ B, 4 at ⅢA, 1 at ⅢB and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months. Conclusion The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.     

经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

Objective To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans- abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors. Methods Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed Results The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2. 1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with canceration and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 eases at stage pTNM Ⅰ , 5 at Ⅱ A, 1 at Ⅱ B, 4 at ⅢA, 1 at ⅢB and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months. Conclusion The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.     

经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

Objective To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans- abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors. Methods Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed Results The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2. 1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with canceration and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 eases at stage pTNM Ⅰ , 5 at Ⅱ A, 1 at Ⅱ B, 4 at ⅢA, 1 at ⅢB and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months. Conclusion The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.     

经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

Objective To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans- abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors. Methods Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed Results The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2. 1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with canceration and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 eases at stage pTNM Ⅰ , 5 at Ⅱ A, 1 at Ⅱ B, 4 at ⅢA, 1 at ⅢB and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months. Conclusion The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.     

经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

Objective To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans- abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors. Methods Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed Results The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2. 1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with canceration and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 eases at stage pTNM Ⅰ , 5 at Ⅱ A, 1 at Ⅱ B, 4 at ⅢA, 1 at ⅢB and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months. Conclusion The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.     

经肛内括约肌切除术联合经腹全系膜切除术对超低位直肠肿瘤保肛的应用探讨

Objective To study the combination of trans-anal intersphincteric resection and trans- abdominal total mesorectal excision for anus-retained ultra-low rectal tumors. Methods Clinical data of 34 ultra-low rectal tumor patients without external anal sphincter involved, who underwent the combination surgery, were retrospectively analyzed Results The distance from the distal incisal margin of the rectum to the inferior margin of the tumor ranged from 1.8 cm to 3.0 cm on an average of 2. 1 cm. For pathological types, there were 23 cases of adenocarcinoma (9 well differentiated and 14 moderately differentiated), 1 papillary carcinoma, 2 rectal stromal tumor, 5 rectal villous adenoma with canceration and 3 giant villous adenoma. For pathological stages, there were 18 eases at stage pTNM Ⅰ , 5 at Ⅱ A, 1 at Ⅱ B, 4 at ⅢA, 1 at ⅢB and for T grading, there were 15 cases at stage T1, 5 at T2, 8 at T3, 1 at T4. In these 34 patients, there were 3 cases with postoperative anastomotic stenosis, 2 with postoperative anastomotic rupture, 2 with rectovaginal fistula and no operative death. Because of the dysfunction of bowel control, bowel frequency varied from 3 to 12 in the early stage after operation, but with the recovery of anus function, bowel frequency decreased and ranged form 1 to 5 times a day and the time of formed bowel control could be more than 5 min in 6-12 months after operation. However, patients underwent total resection of internal anal sphincter still suffered from incontinence of loose stool after 1 year. After operation, anastomotic recurrence was found in 1 case in 5 months, liver metastasis in 1 case in 10 months and 28 months respectively, cardiac sudden death in 1 case in 26 months. Conclusion The combination of trans-anal ISR and trans-abdominal TME for anus-retained ultra low rectal tumor is not only coincident with radical tumor principle but also retains the function of anus, on the premise of the strict indication.