某高校533名高知高干健康检查者血脂检测结果

目的了解大学高知高干健康检查者4项血脂指标检测水平。方法采用日本全自动生化分析仪,对在中国地质大学医院进行健康检查的533名高知高干4项血脂指标进行检测,并对其结果进行统计分析。结果总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)随年龄增长上升,而甘油三酯(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)则随年龄增长下降,但性别间4项指标随年龄变化规律不同,差异有统计学意义。结论高知高干人群血脂状况不容乐观,35岁～年龄组的男性高知高干人群,多项血脂指标检测水平和阳性率同其他年龄组相比处于最高水平,男性和绝经期女性高知高干人群尤其要关注自身的血脂水平,应加强健康教育和实施干预策略,预防慢性疾病发生。     

1519例健康人群生化指标的研究分析

目的通过对1 519例健康人群空腹血糖(FBG)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、转氨酶(ALT)和尿酸(UA)水平分析,了解不同年龄及性别之间的差异。方法回顾收集1 519例健康人群体检资料,对FBG、TG、TC、UA及ALT等结果进行统计分析。结果女性TC、TG、UA、FBG、ALT的检测均值随年龄的增加而升高,50~至70~岁年龄组TC、TG、UA的检测均值明显高于20~至40~岁年龄组(P<0.05),FBG的检测均值70~岁年龄组明显高于其它各年龄组(P<0.05)。男性TC、FBG、UA的检测均值随年龄的增加而升高,ALT的检测均值随年龄的增长而下降,TG以40~岁年龄组为最高,明显高于其它各年龄组(P<0.05),男性各年龄组的ALT、UA均明显高于女性(P<0.05)。结论中老年人多项生化指标检测水平处于最高水平,应提倡合理饮食、适当运动,预防各种慢性老年疾病的发生。     

北京地区35332例健康体检人群10项生化指标分析

目的:了解北京地区健康体检人群ALT、BUN、Cre、Glu、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、Uric、TSGF等10项生化指标水平,初步评估北京地区体检人群的健康状态。方法:用Backman LX-20全自动生化分析仪检测我院体检中心35332例体检人员的10项血生化指标。结果:总体水平,男性ALT、BUN、Cre、Glu、TC、TG、LDL-C、Uric显著高于女性(P0.05或P0.01);HDL-C女性高于男性(P0.01);TSGF男女无差异(P0.05)。ALT高阳性率集中在男性60y以前各年龄组;GLU水平随年龄增长而升高,同年龄组男性高于女性,≥70y组无差异;BUN和Cre水平在同年龄组男性高于女性,均值和阳性率均在≥70y组显著升高,女性Cre阳性率更是升高到21.2%;女性TC随年龄升高趋势明显,尤以40～49y组至50～59y组升高显著,约0.5 mmol/L,并超过同年龄组男性;男性TG水平和阳性率在60y以前各年龄组均高于女性(P0.001),40～49y组更高达35.7%,均值1.80 mmol/L高出正常参考区间上限,女性TG在60y以后阳性率高于男性(P0.01),在70y以前随年龄的增长升高,各年龄组差异高度显著(均P0.001);男性LDL-C在40～49y组和50～59y组最高,以后各年龄组有降低趋势,女性LDL-C水平和阳性率在50～59y组显著升高,阳性率较40～49y组高11.3%;同年龄组HDL-C水平女性均高于男性,总体水平差异高度显著(P0.01);女性Uric在40y以后明显升高,阳性率在≥70y组超过男性;TSGF男女无差异。结论:北京地区体检人群男性ALT、TC、TG高峰较早,女性50岁以后Cre、Glu、TC、TG、LDL-C显著增高,年轻人应加强健康教育,积极参加体育锻炼,减轻压力;老年人应建立电子健康档案,实现健康数据的信息化管理,预防疾病发生。     

10502例体检者血糖、血脂和尿酸的检测

目的:了解成人各年龄段空腹血糖、胆固醇、甘油三酯和尿酸水平。方法:用酶法检测体检者空腹血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、血尿酸(UA)水平,用电极法检测GLU水平。结果:各年龄组血糖结果、空腹血糖受损率和糖尿病阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。50岁以前,TC和TG结果随年龄增加有所增高(P<0.05),50岁以后,维持相对稳定水平(P>0.05),高胆固醇阳性率在50岁前随年龄增加(P<0.01),50岁后变化不大(P>0.05),高甘油三酯阳性率在40岁前随年龄增加(P<0.01),40岁后除60~岁组发病最高,与各年龄组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)外,其它3个年龄组阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尿酸浓度及高尿酸血症阳性率均是70岁以上组最高(为374.743±88.831μmol/L、28.3%),与其它各组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),男性30~49岁年龄段的尿酸结果(376.208±68.818μmol/L)虽较≥70岁组(387.638±87.838μmol/L)低,但却明显高于其于各年龄组(P<0.05)。总体男、女之间各项结果、糖尿病阳性率、高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯、高尿酸血症阳性率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而空腹血糖受损率的差异却无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:随年龄增长,空腹血糖受损、糖尿病、高脂血症发病率增加;30~49岁年龄段的男性尿酸结果呈现高水平状态;中、壮年的男性和绝经前后的女性是高脂血症和高尿酸血症的易发人群。     

沿海某地干部体检结果分析

目的了解厦门地区干部血糖(GLU)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL)、尿素(BUN)、肌酐(CREA)、尿酸(UA)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)及同型半胱氨酸(HCY)10项生化项目水平,为干部保健工作提供科学依据。方法选取2017年5-12月在厦门某疗养院体检的干部623例,采用日立生化仪检测并统计学分析。结果男女总阳性率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。TC阳性率女性高于男性,GLU、BUN、UA、HCY阳性率男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其他项目差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。不同项目随年龄增加阳性率变化不一。结论规律体检并及时发现异常,个性化健康管理,对提高干部群体健康水平有重要作用。     

广州市健康人群体检结果分析

目的 了解广州市健康人群的体检异常率. 方法收集2007年广东省人民医院体检中心体检人员的资料26 675例,按年龄分组对体检人群不同标志物的结果进行分析. 结果血脂、血糖检测结果异常率各年龄组之间相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),随着年龄的增大而不断升高.谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(CHOL)、血糖(GLU)检测结果的异常率分别为12.7%、19.3%、9.7%、5.8%. 结论血脂、血糖检测结果的异常率高于全国平均水平.     

广东某高校50岁以上教职工血脂血糖水平分析

目的评估50岁以上教职工的血脂、血糖水平,做好相关疾病的防治工作。方法对广东某高校446名50岁以上教职工进行血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、空腹血糖检测,并对检测结果进行分析。结果50岁以上教职工TC异常检出率为66.36%,TG异常检出率为40.13%,空腹血糖异常检出率为31.84%。女性血脂水平、空腹血糖水平有随年龄增长而逐渐升高趋势。结论50岁以上教职工的血脂、血糖异常检出率较高,高校应重视高血脂、高血糖的防治。     

长沙地区1042名居民血脂检测分析报告

目的对长沙地区居民进行高脂血症的现状调查和危险因素研究。方法应用全自动生化分析仪检测长沙市1 042名人群空腹血脂水平,血脂指标包括TC、TG、HDL。结果总胆固醇（TC）有随年龄呈增高趋势,甘油三酯（TG）和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）随年龄的变化并不明显。男女在相同年龄段胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）水平有所不同。绝经前与绝经后妇女、孕妇与非孕妇血脂水平差异有统计学意义。结论长沙地区居民饮食习惯、缺乏锻炼、妇女激素水平、孕妇饮食与生理状态等均为高脂血症的重要危险因素。     

2004-2012年天津市区体检人群甘油三酯水平变化趋势及相关因素分析

目的了解天津市区体检人群甘油三酯(TG)水平及相关因素,为采取有效的防控措施提供依据。方法以2004-2012年参加天津市肿瘤医院预防医学中心健康体检的天津市中心城区居民为研究对象,收集一般资料,检测TG、总胆固醇(TC)和空腹血糖水平。结果 2004-2012年天津市区体检人群TG水平在中老年期普遍随着年龄的增长而显著升高,60岁以前男性的TG水平高于女性,60岁以后则是女性高于男性,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。在中青年时期,体检人群的TG异常检出率随着年龄的增长而上升。其中,男性40~49岁组TG异常检出率最高(28.8%)而其后的年龄组TG异常检出率较之前有所下降;女性TG异常检出率则随年龄的增长呈升高趋势。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,男性、高龄、高血糖和高TC水平与高TG水平呈正相关,体检年份与高TG水平呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该体检人群TG水平和异常检出率较高,应针对高危人群,将TG、血糖和TC水平控制作为一个总体,开展健康促进工作。     

重庆市9 528例体检人群脂代谢特点及脂代谢异常的临床研究

目的:探讨重庆市体检人群脂代谢水平和脂代谢异常状况及影响因素。方法:将调查对象按性别和年龄分组,分析14 918例健康体检人中进行了血脂检查的9 528例人群的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)四项血脂指标,比较不同年龄段及男女间脂代谢水平和各类脂代谢异常的发生率,采用多因素Logistic回归分析脂代谢异常与性别、年龄、体重指数(BM I)、血压和血糖(GLU)的相关性。结果:9 528例健康体检人群中脂代谢异常数为3853(40.4%),高TG2504(26.3%)、高TC1901(20.0%)、高LDL-C1573(16.5%)、低HDL-C383(4.0%),其中一项指标异常1978(51.3%)、两项指标异常1260(32.7%)、三项指标异常597(15.5%)、四项指标均异常18(0.5%);高TC、高TG和高LDL-C发生率随着年龄的增加而明显增高,而70~年龄段各项脂代谢水平和高TG和高LDL-C有降低的趋势;男性体检人群脂代谢水平和脂代谢异常率明显高于女性(P<0.001)。性别、年龄、BM I、血压和GLU五项因素均对TG和LDL-C异常发生率有显著影响;影响TC代谢的因素是年龄、血压和GLU;性别、BM I和GLU对低HDL-C发生率也有显著影响。结论:脂代谢异常在重庆市体检人群中发生率较高,应加强对高危人群的定期体检,通过控制体重、血压、血糖等与脂代谢异常的相关因素而利于对脂代谢异常疾病的防治。     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.