The expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in recovery of CCl4 induced liver fibrosis in rat

目的 探讨内质网应激(ERS)相关蛋白在大鼠肝纤维化形成与自发逆转过程中的作用.方法 建立CCl4诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,免疫组化法检测各组ERS标志性蛋白CHOP、GRP78的表达;RT-PCR法检测CHOP、GRP78 mRNA的表达;Western blot检测CHOP蛋白表达变化.结果 与正常组大鼠相比,模型组大鼠CHOP、GRP78的表达显著升高(P<0.05).与模型组相比,停止CCl4诱导4周和8周后CHOP、GRP78表达降低(P<0.05).结论 ERS存在于大鼠肝纤维化进程中,可能与肝纤维化的发生、发展和逆转存在密切联系.     

大鼠肝纤维化进程中内质网应激相关蛋白的动态变化研究

目的探讨内质网应激(ERS)相关蛋白在大鼠肝纤维化形成与自发逆转过程中的作用。方法建立CCl4诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型,免疫组化法检测各组ERS标志性蛋白CHOP、GRP78的表达;RT-PCR法检测CHOP、GRP78 mRNA的表达;Western blot检测CHOP蛋白表达变化。结果与正常组大鼠相比,模型组大鼠CHOP、GRP78的表达显著升高(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,停止CCl4诱导4周和8周后CHOP、GRP78表达降低(P<0.05)。结论 ERS存在于大鼠肝纤维化进程中,可能与肝纤维化的发生、发展和逆转存在密切联系。     

橄榄苦苷抑制丙烯醛诱导的HBE细胞内质网应激的机制研究

目的：探讨橄榄苦苷（oleuropein,OP）和丙烯醛（acrolein,ACR）对人支气管上皮样细胞（human bronchial epithelial cells,HBE）内质网应激（endouplasmic reticulum stress,ERS）相关的增殖与凋亡影响的可能机制。方法： OP与ACR联合处理HBE细胞,MTT比色法检测细胞存活率,Hoechst33258染色法和流式细胞检测细胞凋亡,Western blot检测ERS相关蛋白葡萄糖调节蛋白78（glucose-regulated protein 78,GRP78）和CCAAT增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白（C/EBP homologous protein,CHOP）的表达,Real-time PCR法检测GRP78和CHOP mRNA 表达;雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠经ACR腹腔注射和(或)橄榄叶提取物（olive leaf extract,OLE）灌胃处理,取大鼠肺组织,Western blot法检测ERS相关蛋白GRP78和CHOP的表达,Real-time PCR法检测GRP78和CHOP mRNA 表达。结果：体外实验证实ACR可以抑制HBE细胞的增殖,诱导其凋亡;联合OP处理后,ACR抑制细胞增殖、促进细胞凋亡的作用明显受到抑制;同时,ACR上调HBE细胞中ERS相关蛋白GRP78和CHOP的表达,联合OP可抑制GRP78和CHOP的表达;在mRNA水平上,ACR单独处理上调了ERS相关分子GRP78和CHOP 的mRNA表达水平,而联合OP处理,GRP78和CHOP的mRNA水平未见明显变化;Sprague-Dawley大鼠体内实验结果与体外细胞实验基本一致。结论：ACR抑制HBE细胞增殖,促发ERS,进而诱导HBE细胞凋亡。在蛋白质翻译水平上,OP可以通过抑制ERS途径,拮抗ACR诱导的细胞凋亡效应。     

异氟醚对β淀粉样蛋白诱导的大鼠PC12细胞凋亡和内质网应激的影响及其机制

目的：探讨异氟醚对β淀粉样蛋白（Aβ）25-35诱导的大鼠PC12细胞凋亡和内质网应激（ERS）的影响,并阐明其作用机制。方法：将PC12细胞随机分为正常对照组、10 μmol•L-1Aβ25-35组（Aβ组）、2%异氟醚组（Iso组）和2%异氟醚联合10 μmol•L^-1 Aβ25-35组（Iso+Aβ组）。MTT法检测各组PC12细胞存活率;Hoechst 33342核染色法检测各组PC12细胞凋亡形态;Western blotting法检测各组PC12细胞内质网分子伴侣葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、ERS相关凋亡信号蛋白C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)、磷酸化氨基末端蛋白激酶(p-JNK)和caspase-12表达量。结果：与正常对照组比较,Aβ组和Iso组PC12细胞存活率明显降低（P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率明显增加（P<0.05）,GRP78表达量明显上调（P<0.05）,ERS相关凋亡信号蛋白CHOP、p-JNK和caspase-12表达量均明显增加（P<0.05）;与Aβ组比较,Iso + Aβ组PC12细胞存活率明显降低（P<0.05）,细胞凋亡率明显增加（P<0.05）,GRP78、CHOP、p-JNK和caspase-12表达量均明显增加（P<0.05）。结论：异氟醚能够促进Aβ25-35诱导的大鼠PC12细胞凋亡,其机制与激活ERS及其相关的凋亡信号通路有关联。     

葛根素预处理对缺血再灌注心肌内质网应激与细胞凋亡的影响

目的：观察葛根素预处理对缺血再灌注（I/R）大鼠心肌内质网应激（ERS）与细胞凋亡的影响。方法24只SD大鼠随机分为3组（n=8）：假手术组（SH组）;缺血再灌注组（I/R组）;葛根素预处理组（PU组）。RT-PCR检测GRP78、CRT mRNA的表达;免疫组化检测caspase-12、CHOP蛋白表达;TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡情况。结果与SH组比较,其余各组GRP78与CRT mRNA表达、caspase-12与CHOP蛋白表达以及心肌细胞凋亡率均明显增加（P〈0.05）,与I/R组比较,PU组各检测指标均降低（P〈0.05）。结论葛根素预处理可通过调控ERS反应程度,抑制I/R导致的过度ERS,减轻内质网凋亡信号介导的细胞凋亡的发生而产生心肌保护作用。     

内质网应激参与调控肺心病心肌细胞线粒体途径凋亡

目的 探讨内质网应激在慢性肺源性心脏病心肌细胞线粒体凋亡途径中的作用及机制。方法 24只8周龄Wistar大鼠随机分为缺氧组、干预组和对照组,每组8只。缺氧组大鼠采用常压间歇缺氧法建立肺心病模型,每天给予生理盐水灌胃;干预组大鼠同样构建肺心病模型,每天给予内质网应激抑制剂4-PBA灌胃;对照组大鼠在普通饲养笼中饲养,每天给予生理盐水灌胃。处理21 d后处死大鼠并分离右心室,TUNEL法测定右室细胞凋亡率,JC-1荧光探针检测线粒体膜电位,Western blot检测右心室心肌组织中内质网应激标志性分子葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)及抗CCAAT/增强子结合蛋白同源蛋白(CHOP)、线粒体途径凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和细胞色素C表达水平。结果 与对照组相比,缺氧组大鼠右心室肥大、心肌细胞凋亡率明显增加(均P<0.001),CHOP、GRP78、Bcl-2、线粒体释放细胞色素C均明显增加(P≤0.001)。而与缺氧组相比,干预组大鼠右心室细胞凋亡减少,右心室肥大减轻(均P<0.001),CHOP及GRP78表达水平下调(均P<0.05),Bcl-2表达下降(P=0.020...     

长链非编码RNA TUG1对冷保存小鼠肝脏细胞的影响及其机制

目的 探讨长链非编码RNA TUG1对冷保存小鼠肝脏细胞的影响及其作用机制。方法 构建小鼠肝细胞(HC)及肝窦内皮细胞(LSEC)冷保存损伤模型,利用qPCR检测TUG1的表达;将肝脏细胞分为两组TUG1慢病毒组(lenti-TUG1)和慢病毒阴性对照组(lenti-control),TUG1慢病毒组通过慢病毒感染方式上调TUG1的表达,构建细胞冷保存损伤模型,分别采用ELISA、CCK-8法及流式技术检测培养液中LDH水平、细胞活性及细胞凋亡率,Western blot法检测线粒体凋亡通路相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、Cyt-C、cleaved caspase-9、cleaved caspase-3 和cleaved PARP以及内质网应激通路相关蛋白GRP78、PERK、p-eIF2α、CHOP、cleaved-caspase 12和cleaved-PARP的表达。结果 TUG1在冷保存的肝脏细胞中表达下调;过表达TUG1可降低LDH水平及凋亡率,增加细胞活性,降低线粒体凋亡相关蛋白及内质网应激相关蛋白表达。结论 TUG1可能通过线粒体凋亡和内质网应激通路抑制细胞凋亡来实现对冷保存诱导细胞损伤的保护作用。     

大鼠压疮局部不同温度治疗对PI3K/Akt/GSK3β 信号通路的影响

目的 探讨不同局部温度对大鼠压疮PI3K/Akt/GSK3β 通路的影响，为压疮的临床治疗提供基础实验依据。方法 用缺血再灌注（IRI）法复制大鼠压疮模型。将40 例无特定病原体级（SPF）健康成年雄性SD 大鼠随机分为4 组：假手术组（Sham 组）、常温IRI 组（NTI）、低温IRI 组（LTI）和高温IRI 组（HTI）。HE 染色观察骨骼肌病理变化；Western blot 检测Akt、GSK3β 的磷酸化情况；免疫荧光观察p-Akt、p-GSK3β 的表达情况。TUNEL 检测大鼠压疮组织细胞凋亡情况。结果 与常温IRI 组比较，高温IRI 组的骨骼肌细胞病理损伤加重，凋亡细胞增加，Western blot 和免疫荧光结果显示Akt 和GSK3β 的磷酸化水平均降低（P <0.05）；而低温IRI 组骨骼肌细胞病理损伤减轻，Western blot 和免疫荧光结果显示Akt 和GSK3β 的磷酸化水平均上升（P <0.05）。结论 局部高温能抑制Akt 和GSK3β 的磷酸化水平而加重大鼠压疮损伤，局部低温能提高Akt 和GSK3β 的磷酸化水平减轻大鼠压疮损伤。     

全反式维甲酸通过内质网应激诱导N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖基转移酶V受阻的人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡

目的初步探讨全反式维甲酸（all-trans-retinoic acid，ATRA）诱导N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖基转移酶V（N—acetylglucosaminyltransferase V，GnT—V）表达受阻的人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞（AsGnT—V／SMMC-7721）发生凋亡与细胞中内质网应激的关系。方法利用RT-PCR检测ATRA处理前后AsGnT-V／SMMC-7721细胞中内质网应激关键分子GRP78（glucose regulated protein 78）、XBP1（X box binding protein 1）等的变化。并用Western blot检测ATRA处理前后AsGnT—V／SMMC-7721细胞中内质网应激相关凋亡途径中的重要分子CHOP（C／EBP homologus protein）、caspase-9、caspase-12以及caspase-3的变化。结果GRP78和XBP1的变化表明经ATRA处理后AsGnT-V／SMMC-7721细胞的内质网应激加剧了，而与内质网应激相关的凋亡分子CHOP、caspase-9、caspase-12以及caspase-3都发生了激活。结论ATRA诱导AsGnT—V／SMMC-7721细胞发生的凋亡与内质网应激有关。     

大黄素诱导对内质网应激相关蛋白表达及肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究大黄素对肝细胞癌Hep G2细胞作用后内质网应激(ERS)相关蛋白表达的影响。方法采用不同浓度大黄素(0、10、50、100μmol/L)处理Hep G2细胞48 h,通过四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法测定大黄素对肿瘤细胞增殖的影响,流式细胞术检测大黄素对Hep G2细胞的凋亡率,采用蛋白印迹法检测葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)、C/EBP同源蛋白(CHOP)、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-12(caspase-12)及caspase-12活化断裂后产生的活性片段的表达。结果大黄素以浓度依赖的方式抑制Hep G2细胞的增殖,促进细胞凋亡。大黄素处理Hep G2细胞后,内质网分子伴侣蛋白GRP78的表达明显增高;内质网相关凋亡分子CHOP和caspase-12的含量也显著增高,caspase-12活性增强。结论大黄素可能通过内质网应激相关途径诱导Hep G2细胞凋亡。     

肱骨远端全骺分离

肱骨远端全骺分离在5岁以下儿童中是较常见的肘部损伤,且极易误诊为肱骨髁上骨折或肘关节脱位。本组25例肱骨远端全骺分离均为向内侧移位,年龄11个月至14岁,平均5.6岁,属Salter-HarrisⅠ型或Ⅱ型。对本症骨骺损伤的解剖学和组织学,诸骨(和骨化中心)之间的对应关系以及骨骺损伤的诊治进行了简短的讨论。     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

Investigation of hypoglycemic,hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark in diabetic rats

Objective

To investigate the hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Methods

Acute toxicity was studied in rats after the oral administration of AETPB to determine the dose to assess hypoglycemic activity. In rats, diabetes was induced by injection of STZ (60 mg/kg, i.p.) and diabetes was confirmed 72 h after induction, and then allowed for 14 days to stabilize blood glucose level. In diabetic rats, AETPB was orally given for 28 days and its effect on blood glucose and body weight was determined on a weekly basis. At the end of the experimental day, fasting blood sample was collected to estimate the haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, urea, serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and insulin levels. The liver and kidney were collected to determine antioxidants levels in diabetic rats.

Results

Oral administration of AETPB did not exhibit toxicity and death at a dose of 2 000 mg/kg. AETPB treated diabetic rats significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) reduced elevated blood glucose, HbA1c, creatinine, urea, SGPT and SGOT levels when compared with diabetic control rats. The body weight, Hb, insulin and total protein levels were significantly (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.05) increased in diabetic rats treated with AETPB compared to diabetic control rats. In diabetic rats, AETPB treatment significantly reversed abnormal status of antioxidants and lipid profile levels towards near normal levels compared to diabetic control rats.

Conclusions

Present study results confirm that AETPB possesses significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in diabetic condition.     

Association of smoking,alcohol and NSAIDs use with expression of cag A and cag T genes of Helicobacter pylori in salivary samples of asymptomatic subjects

Objective

To determine the association of smoking, alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use with presence and virulence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in a representative sample of a random adult population of asymptomatic subjects.

Methods

Non virulent 16S rRNA and virulent cag A and T genes from salivary samples of 854 asymptomatic subjects were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The presence and absence of virulent and non virulent infection was statistically compared with consumption of smoking, alcohol and NSAIDs.

Results

The prevalence of infection in male and female subjects was found to be 69.25% and 66.90%, respectively. The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (31.22%), former (52.20%) and never (43.58%). The prevalence of infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (88.80%), former (57.14%) and never (33.33%). The prevalence of infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 82.75% and 21.16%, respectively. Virulence in male and female subjects was found to be 60.00% and 50.00%, respectively. The presence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to consumption of alcohol was as follows: current (28.57%), former (40.15%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the population of asymptomatic subjects with respect to smoking of cigarettes was as follows: current (79.32%), former (75.00%) and never (50.00%). The prevalence of virulent infection in the subject population consuming NSAIDs and not consuming NSAIDs frequently was found to be 88.23% and 66.66%, respectively.

Conclusions

It can be concluded that smoking and NSAIDs consumption are aggravating factors for virulence of H. pylori and alcohol can inhibit H. pylori infection in asymptomatic subjects.     

大肠多发原发性癌:危险因素、诊治和预防(附8例报告)

综述分析1954～84年国内外文献,探讨了大肠多发原发性癌的诊断标准、发病情况、临床表现、发病危险因素、外科处理以及预防和诊断检测技术等问题,强调了大肠腺瘤,遗传基础、免疫缺陷、慢性溃疡性结肠炎等在发病上的作用,及高危险组患者应按方案进行常规检测监护之重要性。述介了大肠多发原发性癌系一种原发性大肠癌多中心发生的形式,在诊治上前者与后者有一致性,亦各有其独特性。报告宁夏医学院附属医院肿瘤科1977～84年收治的8例住院大肠多发原发性癌病例的临床资料,对诊治经过进行了初步总结。     

具有抗细菌黏附和杀菌双重功能的(HA/CHI-Van)5涂层的制备

目的：研究开发一种涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构的骨科内植入物以用于预防骨内植入物感染。方法：将透明质酸（HA）和壳聚糖-万古霉素（CHI-Van）溶液进行层层自组装,制备得到(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构;通过zeta电位检测组装过程,通过活细菌染色实验评价多层膜的抗细菌黏附效果,通过越狱实验和FE-SEM实验检测体外抗菌效果。SD大鼠随机分为空白组、(HA/CHI-Van)5组和假手术组,并以X线、Micro-CT、骨组织切片等方法检测该材料的体内动物实验效果。结果：每次组装不同的单层,zeta电位交替变化,证明多层膜组装成功。活细菌染色实验显示多层膜结构中的CHI具有一定的抗细菌黏附作用。越狱实验和FE-SEM实验证明(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构在体外具有良好的抗菌作用。在体外实验中,(HA/CHI-Van)5组的X线评分为0.7,而空白组的评分为12.3,(HA/CHI-Van)5组在骨密度、骨小梁数量、骨体积分数、骨组织切片方面均优于空白组（均P＜0.05）,且非常接近假手术组（均P＞0.05）。结论：通过在骨科内植入物表面涂覆(HA/CHI-Van)5多层膜结构能够获得一定的抗细菌黏附功能和良好的抗菌作用,可以预防骨内植入物感染。     

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel (PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.

Methods

In a cross-sectional study, stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School, Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia, in April 2010. Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) ova. Children who were found positive for S. mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration. Four weeks post-treatment, stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pre-treatment. Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.

Results

Pre-treatment prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 74.9% with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6% (P<0.000 1, OR: 8.33, CI: 5.3–13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2% (P=0.03, F=0.64). The cure rate showed significant association with age (χ²=11, P=0.004), the highest rate being observed in the 15–22 age group. 83% of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms, the most frequent being headache, nausea, and abdominal pain. These symptoms were associated with age (P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia. Hence, in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated, treatment failure, or reduced susceptibility of the parasite. Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.     

NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体制备及其表征研究

目的:制备具有肿瘤血管靶向的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,并对其进行表征研究。方法：采用薄膜分散法制备NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体,,并对其进行表征研究,并测定包封率。结果：制备得到的NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs平均粒径为(271.43±9.23)nm,Zeta电位为-(36.20±0.20)mv,多分散系数(PDI)为(0.15±0.03),理化性质相对稳定;NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs包封率为8.41%;电镜下显示NGR-PEG-ZOL-LPs呈类圆形,大小分布均匀,无明显聚集。结论：采用薄膜分散法制备的NGR修饰唑来膦酸长循环脂质体具有较高的稳定性,从而为体内药效学研究奠定基础。     

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective

To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus against Tetranychus urticae (T. urticae) Koch.

Methods

Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0% and 4.0%) were used to control T. urticae Koch.

Results

The results showed that chamomile (Chamomilla recutita) represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram (Marjorana hortensis) and Eucalyptus. The LC₅₀ values of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65, 1.84 and 2.18, respectively and for eggs 1.17, 6.26 and 7.33, respectively. Activities of enzymes including glutathione-S-transferase, esterase (α-esterase and β-esterase) and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved. Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC₅₀ of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita are α-bisabolol oxide A (35.251%), and trans-β-farersene (7.758%), while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpinene-4-ol (23.860%), p-cymene (23.404%) and sabinene (10.904%).

Conclusions

It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile, marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T. urticae.