超声分散液相微萃取-气相色谱法同时测定食品中11种防腐剂

目的建立食品中11种防腐剂的超声分散液相微萃取-气相色谱法。方法样品经9∶1二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯超声分散液相微萃取,FFAP毛细管色谱柱分离、FID检测器检测。结果方法线性范围为0.068~400μg/ml,相关系数为0.9990~0.9999,回收率为84%~122%,相对标准偏差为3.11%~5.83%,方法检出限为0.026~0.23μg/ml。结论该法简便、高效、经济、环境友好,适于不同食品中11种防腐剂同时快速测定。     

气相色谱法同时测定中药糖浆剂中3种防腐剂含量

[目的]建立中药糖浆剂中苯甲酸、山梨酸、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯等3种常用防腐剂的同时测定方法。[方法]样品经甲醇溶解、超声提取、离心,采用大口径非极性毛细管色谱柱DB-1(30 m×0.25 mm×0.25μm)气相色谱法进行定性和定量分析,并探讨最佳实验条件。[结果]该方法的线性范围为山梨酸10~100μg/mL,苯甲酸10~100μg/mL;对羟基苯甲酸乙酯5~50μg/mL,其相关系数在0.996 9~0.997 9之间,方法最低检出限分别为1.2、1.8、0.7μg/mL,样品加样回收率为95.4%~103.7%,相对平均偏差为2.9%~3.7%。并成功应用该方法检测实际样品中的防腐剂。[结论]该方法简易可行,并能较好地分离上述3种化合物,具有分析时间短、抗干扰性好、定量准确等优点。     

液相色谱串联质谱法同时测定化妆品中溴甲酚绿与溴百里酚蓝

目的：建立液相色谱串联质谱同时测定化妆品中溴甲酚绿与溴百里酚蓝的定性、定量方法。方法样品经甲醇超声提取,HLB固相萃取柱分离,再通过C18色谱柱(Kinetex C182.6μm 100A 100×2.10 mm)分离,采用电喷雾离子源及多反应监测模式(MRM)对目标化合物进行测定。结果溴甲酚绿与溴百里酚蓝的方法检出限分别是0.82 mg/kg、0.84 mg/kg。溴甲酚绿与溴百里酚蓝的线性范围均为0.02~4μg/mL,相关系数均大于0.9995(rBG=1.0000,rBB=0.9999),在不同剂型的化妆品中平均回收率在98.0%~109%范围内。结论该方法具有前处理简单,结果准确等特点,适用于化妆品中溴甲酚绿与溴百里酚蓝的测定。     

超声振荡提取测定酱腌菜中防腐剂的方法研究

为探讨一种快速准确测定酱腌菜中防腐剂的方法,利用超声波提取酱腌菜中的防腐剂,进行高效液相色谱测定。结果说明该方法回收率达到95％以上,精密度符合要求。建议推广该方法。     

液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定海产动物干制品中三种形态汞含量的方法研究*

目的：建立液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定海产动物干制品中三种形态汞含量的方法。方法：样品通过水浴超声振荡提取,冷冻离心机离心分离样液,取上清液用氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值,过膜后经过形态分析仪预处理,由高效液相色谱分离,最后用原子荧光光度计检测。结果：三种形态汞的线性范围0~10 μg/L,二价汞的线性方程S=3753.6C-6783.7,相关系数0.9984,检出限0.50 μg/L;甲基汞的线性方程S=4492.8C-5798.7,相关系数0.9995,检出限0.50 μg/L;乙基汞的线性方程S=3199.4C-79.6,相关系数0.9989,检出限0.52 μg/L。方法的加标回收率：甲基汞100.0%~104.0%;乙基汞98.0%~100.0%;二价汞101.0%~102.0%,方法的精密度：甲基汞2.83%~8.98%,乙基汞3.41%~9.39%,二价汞2.42%~8.21%。结论：采用液相色谱仪和原子荧光光谱仪联合测定海产动物干制品中三种形态汞含量,方法的精密度、准确度及线性关系均比较满意,适合用于海产品中三种形态汞含量的测定。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定酱油和饮料中苯甲酸、山梨酸、糖精钠及乙酰磺胺酸钾

目前酱油和饮料里普遍同时添加各种防腐剂和甜味剂，防腐剂常用苯甲酸和山梨酸，甜味剂常用糖精钠和乙酰磺胺酸钾，国家标准中已有用高效液相色谱法同时测定饮料中的苯甲酸、山梨酸和糖精钠的方法。本文在此基础上添加了乙酰磺胺酸钾的测定，并且应用于酱油中这4种物质的测定，获得好的结果。     

高效液相色谱编程荧光法测定室尘中痕量多环芳烃

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定室尘中16种常见多环芳烃(PAHs)的最佳分离条件及测定的最佳荧光激发?发射波长和增益?方法:用吸尘器采集室尘,用丙酮超声提取室尘中的多环芳烃化合物,浓缩后用乙腈定容,乙腈和水为流动相,进行高效液相色谱梯度淋洗分离,程序波长荧光检测器检测?结果:除苊烯外的15种多环芳烃化合物在28 min内得到了很好的分离,在0.5~50 ng/ml范围内线性关系良好,测定的相对标准偏差为1.35%~5.89%,加标回收率为62.45%~110.36%?结论:该方法测定室尘中多环芳烃化合物快速简便?灵敏?重现性好?     

不同提取方法测定野马追药材中绿原酸含量比较研究

目的：研究野马追药材中绿原酸含量测定的前提取方法及绿原酸含量的质控标准。方法：采用高效液相色谱法,比较了不同的提取方法、提取溶媒、提取时间和溶媒用量测定野马追药材中绿原酸含量。结果：采用超声提取方法提取野马追药材中绿原酸,且绿原酸高效液相法测定进样量在0.0908～1.362μg（r=0.9999）间呈良好的线性关系,平均回收率为100.12%,RSD为1.31%。结论：绿原酸超声提取方法和高效液相测定含量方法简便,可用于该药材的质量控制。     

超高效液相质谱联用法测定化妆品中甜菜碱的含量

目的 探讨超高效液相质谱联用(UPLC-MS/MS)法测定化妆品中甜菜碱的效果。方法 样品经甲醇超声提取,滤膜过滤后,采用超高效液相质谱联用法,色谱柱为酰胺基柱,水∶乙腈(15∶85)为流动相,采用多反应监测正离子模式。结果 甜菜碱在10～200 ng·mL^-1的浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系(R=0.995 3),平均回收率为97.1%。结论 超高效液相质谱联用法检测化妆品中的甜菜碱具有准确性高、灵敏度高、重现性好的优点。     

电位滴定法测定深色蔬菜和水果中的维生素C

目的：用电位滴定法测定深色蔬菜和水果中的维生素C。 方法：分别测定9种果蔬样品中维生素C含量,计算其回收率、均值、标准差及变异系数,并与传统氧化-还原滴定法比较。 结果：回收率范围在97.5%~103.0%之间,平均回收率为100.2%,平行测定值的变异系数在0.7%~3.7%之间,其准确度及精密度均优于氧化-还原滴定法。 结论：电位滴定法操作简便,特异性好,是测定深色蔬菜和水果中维生素C较理想的方法。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.