社会贫困与心脏手术的预后收益：对来自5个医院44902例患者历时十余年的观察性研究

一项在伯明翰和英格兰西北部进行的研究，收集了1997至2007年间接受过心脏手术的44902例成年患者的数据，并使用预后模型来检测社会贫困对终点事件的额外作用。此项研究采用基于人口普查的2001年carstairs评分来评估社会贫困程度。结果发现，社会贫困是影响中期死亡率的独立危险因素。吸烟（P〈0．001）、体重指数（P〈0．001）以及糖尿病（P〈0．001）均与社会贫困相关。在接受手术期间仍吸烟及患有糖尿病也是影响中期死亡率的独立凶素。     

引导组织再生联合骨代用品治疗牙周骨内缺损的系统评价

目的 比较并评价引导组织再生术联合骨代用品的联合牙周再生技术治疗牙周病骨内缺损与单用屏障膜的引导组织再生术治疗的有效性，为临床治疗提供依据。方法 计算机联合手工检索1994-2004年公开发表的中英文引导组织再生术相关文献。利用Meta分析方法综合筛选出的10篇适用文献。进行综合的测量结果包括术后牙周袋深度的减少、附着水平的增加、牙龈退缩以及二次手术探查的骨水平变化。结果 联合牙周再生技术组共171例，引导组织再生术对照组共159例，Meta分析结果显示，联合牙周再生技术术后的牙龈退缩比引导组织再生术少（加权均差为-0．39mm，95％可信区间为-0．61-0．17mm），其他临床指标两组未见差异。敏感性分析显示两组在牙龈退缩上的差异结果可靠，以牙槽嵴顶的吸收和骨损底部骨增加为结果的研究间异质性显著，改变纳入标准去除质量较低的研究后，异质性消失，余下研究使用的骨代用品恰好一致，均为同种异体脱矿冻干骨，分析结果显示两组疗效仍无差异。结论 现有的证据支持联合牙周再生技术治疗骨内缺损术后的牙龈退缩小于单用屏障膜的引导组织再生术，但是目前的证据水平仍不能充分支持联合牙周再生技术治疗牙周病骨内缺损疗效优于单用屏障膜，尚需进行高质量的随机对照研究以确定联合牙周再生技术的有效性。     

生物与非生物性腱鞘代用品预防屈肌腱粘连作用效果比较的实验研究

目的:以生物膜与金箔为代表,观察生物与非生物性腱鞘代用品预防屈肌腱粘连的作用机制及效果,并加以比较,为临床应用提供可靠的理论及实验依据。方法:应用鸡趾屈肌腱横断修复模型,不同时间取材,通过生物力学、大体观察、组织学及电镜检查,观察肌腱愈合情况、粘连形成情况及假鞘结构。结果:生物膜与金箔组肌腱均为内源性愈合,并形成具有正常滑膜A、B型细胞的假鞘结构,与肌腱间有间隙。结论:(1)生物膜与金箔防粘连作用机制相似,都是通过形成假鞘来发挥作用,作用效果无明显差异。(2) 用具有良好组织相容性的物质将肌腱与周围组织分隔,将有效地防止肌腱粘连,从而提高肌腱的滑动功能     

穴位贴敷法防治儿童支气管哮喘的队列研究

目的 评价穴位贴敷法防治儿童支气管哮喘的效果,分析可能影响其防治效果的因素。方法 以确诊的支气管哮喘患儿为研究对象,根据研究对象是否采用穴位贴敷治疗,将其分为贴敷组和未贴敷组。收集研究对象的基线资料后进行为期18个月的随访,获取病情变化积分。采用二项分类Logistic回归分析方法考察病情变化积分的影响因素。结果 329例哮喘患儿完成随访,其中贴敷组196例,未贴敷组133例。随访时间延长,患儿病情变化积分呈现逐渐降低趋势,贴敷组病情变化总积分低于未贴敷组,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示,仅贴敷年数进入病情变化积分的回归方程,贴敷年数越长,病情变化总积分越低。结论 基于“冬病夏治”理论的穴位贴敷法防治缓解期儿童支气管哮喘有一定的效果,贴敷时间长者的效果更明显。     

大子宫肌瘤腹腔镜下剥除术的可行性与安全性

目的前瞻性研究最大直径>5 cm的子宫肌壁间肌瘤、黏膜下肌瘤〔已经占据全部宫腔,无法行经宫颈子宫肌瘤电切术(TCRM)者〕、子宫阔韧带内肌瘤及多发性子宫肌瘤腹腔镜下瘤体切除术的可行性及安全性。方法术前B超检查,仔细确认肌瘤位置、数目、大小,测量肿瘤最大直径。采用容积法测定出血量。手术方法:切开肌瘤包膜,剔除瘤核,缝合创面。对手术时间、术后出血量、术后并发症等进行观察。术后定期随访。结果可供分析病例102例,肌瘤类型:多发性肌瘤33例,单发肌瘤69例。肌壁间肌瘤29例,其中单发肌瘤13例,最大直径5~12 cm,平均(7.6±2.0)cm;多发肌瘤16例,肌瘤数目2~14个,平均4.9个,最大直径3~8.5 cm,平均(5.2±1.5)cm。浆膜下肌瘤61例,其中单发肌瘤44例,最大直径6~15 cm,平均(8.2±2.5)cm;多发肌瘤17例,肌瘤数量2~14个,平均4.0个,最大直径2~10 cm,平均(4.9±2.1)cm。阔韧带内肌瘤8例,均为单发;最大直径7~12 cm,平均(8.1±0.9)cm。黏膜下肌瘤4例,均为单发;最大直径8~10 cm,平均(8.7±0.5)cm。手术结局:腹腔镜肌瘤剥除101例,腹腔镜辅助下腹小切口肌瘤剥除1例,无中转开腹及改行子宫全切除术者。手术时间30~240 min,平均(87.2±43.1)min。术中出血量5~400 mL,平均(53.6±56.6)mL。近期疗效:完全切净100例,基本切净2例。术中术后并发症:皮下气肿3例,皮下血肿1例(双侧腹壁/腰骶部淤血),穿刺孔感染1例。结论大子宫肌瘤及多发性子宫肌瘤腹腔镜下剥除是可行的,该术式对术者的技术熟练程度有较高要求,应该注意手术适应证的选择。     

Alcohol Drinking,Dyslipidemia, and Diabetes:A Population-based Prospective Cohort Study among Inner Mongolians in China

ObjectiveNo previous studies have evaluated the association between dyslipidemia, alcohol drinking, and diabetes in an Inner Mongolian population. We aimed to evaluate the co-effects of drinking and dyslipidemia on diabetes incidence in this population. MethodsThe present study was based on 1880 participants from a population-based prospective cohort study among Inner Mongolians living in China. Participants were classified into four subgroups according to their drinking status and dyslipidemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the association between alcohol drinking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. ResultsDuring the follow-up period, 203 participants were found to have developed diabetes. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the incidence of non-dyslipidemia/drinkers, dyslipidemia/non-drinkers, and dyslipidemia/drinkers in diabetic patients were 1.40 (0.82-2.37), 1.73 (1.17-2.55), and 2.31 (1.38-3.87), respectively, when compared with non-dyslipidemia/non-drinkers. The area under the ROC curvefor a model containing dyslipidemia and drinking status along with conventional factors (AUC=0.746) was significantly (P=0.003) larger than the one containing only conventional factors (AUC=0.711). ConclusionThe present study showed that dyslipidemia was an independent risk factor for diabetes, and that drinkers with dyslipidemia had the highest risk of diabetes in the Mongolian population. These findings suggest that dyslipidemia and drinking status may be valuable in predicting diabetes incidence.     

皮肌炎/多发性肌炎心脏损害45例临床分析

目的探讨皮肌炎(DM)/多发性肌炎(PM)患者合并心脏损害的临床特点。方法对我院2001~2005年住院治疗的97例DM/PM患者中合并心脏损害45例进行回顾性分析。结果临床表现主要为程度不同的胸闷、心悸,心脏损害多见心律失常(60.0%)和ST-T异常最多见(57.8%),其次为心包炎(28.9%);DM/PM患者心脏损害的发生率与肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)的升高有相关性(P<0.01);抗J0-1抗体阳性DM/PM患者87.5%出现心脏损害(P<0.05)。结论DM/PM患者合并心脏损害预后差;CK-MB的升高提示心脏损害,抗J0-1抗体阳性患者更易发生心脏损害。     

Childhood BMI and Adult Obesity in a Chinese Sample:A 13-Year Follow-up Study

Objective Obesity is recognized as a significant risk factor for diabetes and hypertension. The present study aimed to examine the associations between adults' obesity risk and childhood and parental obesity. Methods A total of 204 children aged 6-17 years were recruited in 2002 with an average follow-up period of 13.2 years. Height and body weight were measured by trained staffs. Overweight and obesity were defined based on the Chinese standard for children and adults. T-test, analysis of variance, and Chi-square analysis were used for single factor analysis. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to perform multifactor analysis. Results The percentage of non-obese children who grew up to be non-obese adults was 62.6%, and that of obese children who grew up to be obese adults was 80.0%. There was a significant association between childhood body mass index(BMI) and adulthood BMI with a β regression coefficient of 3.76 [95% confidence interval(CI): 1.36-6.16], and between childhood obesity and adulthood obesity with an odds ratio of 5.76(95% CI: 1.37-24.34). There was no statistical difference between parental obesity at baseline and children's adulthood obesity, after adjustment of confounders. Male participants and those aged 10.0-13.0 years had a higher risk of adulthood obesity with odds ratios of 2.50(95% CI: 1.12-5.26) and 3.62(95% CI: 1.17-11.24), respectively. Conclusion Childhood obesity is an important predictor of adulthood obesity.     

Combined Effect of Smoking and Obesity on Coronary Heart Disease Mortality in Male Veterans: A 30-year Cohort Study

Objective Evidence is lacking regarding the combined effects of smoking and obesity on mortality from coronary heart disease in male veterans.This study aimed to explore the combined effect of smoking and obesity on coronary heart disease mortality in male veterans in China.Methods A cohort of 1,268 male veterans from 22 veteran centers in Xi’an(Shaanxi Province,China)were followed up once every 2 years from February 1,1987 to October 30,2016.The endpoint was death from any cause.The hazard ratio(HR)of each risk factor and the 95%confidence interval(CI)were calculated using a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model.Results The total follow-up was 24394.21 person-years;each subject was followed up for a mean duration of 19.24 years.By the end of the study,of the 1,268 veterans,889 had died,363 were alive,and 16 were lost to follow-up.Cox regression analysis results revealed that current smoking(HR:1.552,95%CI:1.074–2.243),obesity(HR:1.625,95%CI:1.024–2.581),and the combined effect of the two factors(HR:2.828,95%CI:1.520–5.262)were associated with coronary heart disease mortality.Conclusion Our results suggest that obese veterans who smoke might be an important target population for coronary heart disease mortality control.     

腰椎退变性疾病患者行腰椎融合术后居家康复行为及影响因素的前瞻性纵向研究

目的了解腰椎退变性疾病患者行腰7椎融合术后1年内居家康复行为的变化特点及影响因素。方法采用前瞻性纵向研究方法,采用问卷调查的方法,于术后1个月、3个月、6个月、12个月采用电话随访或入院随访的方法进行资料的收集。随访的主要内容有康复行为实施情况和康复行为自评影响因素。结果共随访169例腰椎融合术后患者。(1)康复行为情况:85.8%(145/169)和92.3%(156/169)的患者术后进行踝泵练习和直腿抬高练习,所有患者均能够坚持练习至术后1个月以上;91.1%(154/169)的患者术后进行了腰背肌功能锻炼,45.5%(70/154)的患者腰背肌锻炼时间为6个月以上。(2)术后3个月内,选择"锻炼时害怕腰痛或腿痛"、"锻炼时害怕导致内固定松动或断裂"、"锻炼时害怕伤口疼痛"的人数较多(术后1个月为84人,术后3个月为114人)。结论腰椎退变性疾病术后患者踝泵运动及直腿抬高运动依从性良好,腰背肌运动持续性较差,术后3个月内康复锻炼可能引起的疼痛或伤害性后果是腰椎退变性疾病术后患者康复行为的主要影响因素。提示针对行腰椎固定融合术后患者的社区干预必不可少。