上颌窦区肿瘤的影像鉴别诊断

目的结合上颌窦区3种肿瘤的影像特征,提高上颌窦区肿瘤的鉴别诊断能力。方法通过观察对比上颌窦区腺样囊性癌、神经纤维瘤和骨化性纤维瘤(各1例)的临床特点及CT、MRI表现,分析上颌窦区肿瘤的影像表现异同点。结果上颌窦腺样囊性癌表现为边界不清,受累窦壁骨质呈溶骨性骨质破坏,MRI呈混杂T_1、T_2信号,不均匀强化。翼腭窝神经纤维瘤表现为边界清,邻近骨质呈压迫性骨质吸收,MRI呈混杂等长T_2信号,增强扫描呈不均匀强化。骨化性纤维瘤表现为边界清,窦壁骨质呈膨胀性改变,有骨性包壳,MRI呈混杂T_1、T_2信号,不均匀强化。结论骨质改变是上颌窦区肿瘤鉴别诊断的关键点,最终诊断需要结合临床、CT和MRI表现。     

非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎的CT诊断

目的总结非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎的CT表现特征,以提高本病的正确诊断率。方法对经手术、病理证实的50例非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎的CT表现进行回顾性分析。结果 43例病变累及一侧上颌窦,7例累及同侧筛窦及鼻腔。病变窦腔内充以软组织密度影,内见斑点斑块状钙化36例,窦腔高密度影内见气泡影19例。34例见上颌窦窦壁骨质改变,窦壁骨质增生硬化26例;窦壁骨质吸收破坏24例。结论非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎具有特征性的CT表现,CT对该病的诊断有较高价值。     

霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断

目的探讨霉菌性鼻窦炎CT特征性表现及诊断价值。方法回顾性分析25例经手术病理证实的霉菌性鼻窦炎CT表现。结果25例主要CT表现为病变均为单侧性,位于上颌窦或以上颌窦为主,累及其他鼻窦;病变窦腔密度不均匀增高,内有局灶性点状、絮状(9例),砂粒状、小斑片状(16例)高密度影;可有窦壁骨质破坏(13例)。结论霉菌性鼻窦炎在CT表现有特异性,CT对该病的诊断有很高的价值。     

霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断

目的 探讨霉菌性鼻窦炎CT特征性表现及诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析12例经手术病理证实的霉菌性鼻窦炎CT表现，提出诊断和鉴别诊断要点。结果 霉菌性鼻窦炎主要CT表现有：病变为单侧性，对侧鼻窦正常；病变仅位于上颌窦或以上颌窦为主，累及其他鼻窦；病变窦腔密度增高，不均匀，内有小团状，砂粒状，条状极高密度区；可有鼻窦骨质破坏。结论 霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现上有特异性，CT是诊断该病有价值的方法。     

114例出血坏死性上颌窦炎影像分析

分析了114例出血坏死性上颌窦炎平片(华、柯氏位)及CT 扫描的影像表现,提出X 线诊断在下述征象组合出现时较有特征性:(1)单个上颌窦腔均匀密度增高;(2)不均等的窦腔膨胀、骨质吸收甚至破坏;(3)病侧鼻腔内软组织增生。CT 扫描能更清楚地观察上颌窦内侧壁及前壁的骨质情况。     

螺旋CT在诊断非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎诊断中的应用探讨

目的探讨螺旋CT扫描在非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎诊断中应用价值。方法对31例真菌性上颌窦炎的螺旋CT扫描结果及鼻内镜术中表现、术后病理检查结果等资料进行回顾性分析。结果 12例患者单侧上颌窦腔内不均匀的密度增高影,影像诊断考虑为上颌窦真菌球(FB);16例患者双侧上颌窦、筛窦内软组织密度影充填(以单侧上颌窦为主),影像诊断考虑为变应性真菌性上颌窦炎(AFRS);3例患者鼻窦CT未见明显的钙化点、斑及骨质吸收破坏,术前考虑为慢性鼻窦炎(双侧),31例均经鼻内镜术中所见及术后病理证实为真菌病。结论 CT扫描在非侵袭性真菌性上颌窦炎的诊断中具有十分重要的诊断价值。     

上颌窦鼻腔出血坏死性息肉的CT诊断

分析出血坏死性息肉的CT表现,提高本病CT诊断正确性.材料和方法:43例经手术和病理证实的上颌窦腔出血坏死性息肉术前采取横断面、冠状面、平扫和/或增强后CT检查.结果:CT表现为:1)所有病例均涉及上颌窦,密度不匀,增强轻度.2)上颌窦内侧壁有吸收破坏(31/43),窦腔有膨大(28/43).3)骨质既有吸收破坏,又有硬化增厚.本组病例CT术前定性诊断正确率为83.7%.结论:CT可对出血坏死性息肉作出明确诊断,应作为本病首选检查方法.     

上颌窦曲菌病的平片和CT诊断(附8例报告)

目的 :探讨上颌窦曲菌病的 X线平片和 CT表现及其诊断意义。方法 :经手术和病理诊断的上颌窦曲菌病 8例 ,均照有站立或坐位平片和轴位 CT扫描。结果 :病变累及上颌窦 8例 ,同时累及筛窦 2例 ,额窦 1例 ,均有粘膜肥厚 ,窦腔内肿块 3例 ,高密度钙化影 4例。结论 :有慢性上颌窦临床表现而治疗效果不佳 ;平片或 CT未见液气平面 ;软组织肿块破坏或不破坏骨质 ;异常高密度影应高度怀疑曲菌病的可能     

霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT诊断

目的探讨霉菌性鼻窦炎的CT表现特征并评价其诊断意义。方法12例经手术病理证实为霉菌性鼻窦炎患者均经鼻上颌部CT扫描,而后对所有患者的CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果CT扫描显示本组霉菌性鼻窦炎患者大多表现为一侧上颌窦混浊化,有的同时累及相邻其他鼻窦;鼻腔内见肿块状软组织密度影,密度不甚均匀,其内可见斑点状、结节状钙化;窦腔可见膨胀性增大,窦壁骨质吸收、破坏,亦可见窦壁骨质增厚,硬化。结论霉菌性鼻窦炎具有明显的CT特征,颇有助于该病的正确诊断。     

54例上颌窦CT冠状扫描的分析

目的：分析和提高对上颌窦疾病冠状位扫描CT表现的认识。方法：回顾了54例上颌窦冠扫的扫描资料。结果：上颌窦炎症46例(其中包括霉菌性上颌窦炎3例)，上颌窦骨化性纤维瘤2例，上颌窦恶性肉芽肿3例，上颌窦淋巴瘤3例。结论：CT冠状位扫描对上颌窦炎症定性基本正确，而对肿瘤性病变虽不能作出特异性诊断，但可根据病变的累及程度与骨质破坏范围及增强扫描情况来判断预后，确定临床治疗方案。     

Radiodense concretions in maxillary sinus aspergillosis: pathogenesis and the role of CT densitometry

The purpose of this study was to investigate by CT the origin of radiodense maxillary sinus concretions and whether CT densitometry is effective in the prediction of maxillary sinus aspergillosis and in the differentiation of the origin of these concretions. In a prospective study in 21 patients with radiodense maxillary sinus concretions detected by radiography, a preoperative CT study of the paranasal sinuses and the concretions was undertaken. Additional scans of the upper alveolar ridge were also performed. Radiological findings were compared with clinical symptoms and with CT findings, especially CT densitometry of the sinus concretions and dental root-filling material. All patients underwent a functional Caldwell-Luc operation; histological and microbiological examinations were performed. Fifteen of the 21 patients (71.4 %) with radiodense concretions had a histological and microbiological diagnosis of sinus aspergillosis. The sinus concretions had CT densities higher than 2000 HU (Hounsfield units) in 15 patients and lower than 2000 HU in 6. Fourteen of 15 patients (93.3 %) with concretions having CT densities higher than 2000 HU had a postoperative diagnosis of maxillary sinus aspergillosis. The mean CT density of the sinus concretions in patients with maxillary sinus aspergillosis was 2868 HU (range 1870–3070 HU), and in patients without aspergillosis was 778 HU (range 228–2644 HU). The mean CT density of the dental root-filling material was 2866 HU (range 2156–3070 HU). Paranasal sinus CT with CT densitometry of a sinus concretion has a higher accuracy than standard radiography and clinical findings in the prediction of maxillary sinus aspergillosis (93.3 % vs 71.4 %). CT densitometry helps to confirm the dental origin of maxillary sinus concretions and to explain a possible dental pathogenesis of maxillary sinus aspergillosis.Correspondence to: F. X. Lenglinger     

出血坏死性上颌窦炎的CT诊断（附20例分析）

本文复习２０例出血坏死性上颌窦炎的ＣＴ表现，笔者认为特征性ＣＴ表现为：上颌窦与鼻腔内软组织肿块；窦腔的不均等性膨胀扩大；窦壁骨质吸收或破坏，此外，对出血坏死性上颌窦炎同上颌窦癌的ＣＴ鉴别作了讨论     

鼻腔及鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的影像学表现

目的 分析鼻腔和鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的CT与MRI表现,提高诊断及鉴别水平.资料与方法 经病理证实的鼻腔、鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤8例,均行CT平扫,其中4例行增强扫描;MRI检查2例,同时行平扫和增强扫描.结果 良性4例,恶性4例.肿瘤原发于鼻腔4例,上颌窦3例,筛窦1例,无一例发生颈淋巴结转移.肿块在CT上多呈较均匀中等密度,3例密度不均;MRI T1WI呈中等信号,T2WI示中等或不均匀稍高信号,增强扫描肿瘤呈轻至中度强化或边缘强化.结论 鼻腔、鼻旁窦神经鞘瘤的CT与MRI表现无显著特异性,均能很好地显示肿瘤侵犯范围及骨质破坏情况.     

鼻咽部血管纤维瘤的影像评价

目的：评价鼻咽部血管纤维瘤的影像诊断价值。方法：分析了２２例鼻咽部血管纤维瘤的平片，ＣＴ扫描（轴、冠、矢状位）及ＤＳＡ的结果。结果：病人的临床特征包括鼻塞，鼻衄，部分病人有头痛，耳鸣，视力减退，面部畸形。２７．３％（６／２２）术后复发。鼻侧位片见上颌窦后壁向前弯曲，ＣＴ示鼻咽部等高密度肿物，向鼻腔扩大１００％，翼腭窝８３．８％，上颌窦５０％，筛窦、蝶窦均为５８．３％，颞下窝４１．７％，眼眶及颅内侵犯１６．６％。结论：影像分析结果显示冠状位ＣＴ扫描可以取代鼻腔、鼻窦正位Ｘ线片，轴位和冠状位结合扫描可以做为鼻咽部纤维血管瘤的最好检查方法。     

鼻部源性突眼的CT分析

目的：为了提高对鼻部源性突眼的认识。材料和方法：本文19例鼻部源性突眼，其中鼻咽癌7例，鼻咽纤维血管瘤2例，鼻腔纤维血管瘤、恶性肉芽肿和嗅神经母细胞瘤各1例，上颌窦癌和软骨肉瘤各2例，上颌窦恶性肉芽肿、纤维肉瘤和恶性纤维组织细胞瘤各1例，全部病例均作轴位CT扫描，12例加作增强扫描，详细分析了它们CT表现。结果：源于鼻咽的放疗前鼻咽癌和纤维血管瘤，其病变主要位于鼻咽腔和咽旁，后者显著增强并有钙斑，与前者不同；源于上颌窦的肿瘤，病变占据上颌窦的全部或大部分，软骨肉瘤有钙斑且无强化，易与其它肿瘤区别，它们破坏上颌窦顶部进入眼眶；鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤在鼻腔和筛窦形成肿块，破坏筛骨眶板侵入眼眶。结论：根据CT所见，可判断突眼原因。     

Prevalence of incidental paranasal sinuses opacification in pediatric patients: a CT study

A prospective evaluation of the paranasal sinuses was performed on a consecutive series of 137 pediatric patients referred for cranial CT. Approximately one-half of the patients less than 13 years of age had some degree of maxillary or ethmoid sinus opacification. The prevalence and severity of opacification was approximately the same for the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses. Sphenoid sinus abnormality was less common (16% of patients) and was usually minimal or mild. No incidental frontal sinus abnormalities were observed. This study confirms previous reports, based on plain film radiography, of the prevalence of incidental maxillary sinus opacification in children. However, contrary to some prior studies, we did not find a relatively higher rate of opacification in children less than 1 year of age. This may be due to overdiagnosis of maxillary sinus opacification on plain films, in small children. The diagnosis of sinusitis in childhood must take into account not only the radiographic findings but clinical signs and symptoms. Correlation is needed to avoid overdiagnosis in patients referred for sinus radiography for nonspecific indications or who have incidental opacification noted on radiographic or CT studies of the skull and brain.     

Maxillary sinus hemangioma: MR and CT studies

A maxillary sinus hemangioma was detected as an incidental finding during magnetic resonance imaging of the head. The CT findings are more characteristic for the diagnosis of this lesion. Preoperative diagnosis of maxillary sinus hemangioma is important since these lesions can frequently cause a large amount of hemorrhage during surgery.     

鼻腔鼻窦恶性纤维组织细胞瘤的CT诊断

目的分析鼻腔鼻窦恶性纤维组织细胞瘤（MFH）的CT表现,评价其临床诊断价值. 资料与方法回顾分析经病理证实的鼻腔鼻窦MFH 13例,3例单行平扫,4例行平扫加增强扫描,6例直接行增强扫描. 结果肿瘤主要位于鼻腔2例,上颌窦8例,鼻腔筛窦2例,颞部及上颌窦1例.肿瘤易侵犯周围组织,包括面颊部、上齿槽骨、硬腭、眼眶、翼腭窝、颞颌窝、颞下窝及颅底.CT平扫示多数肿块密度不均匀,边界欠清,注射对比剂后实质部分轻度或明显强化.5例有低密度坏死囊变区,2例有钙化灶,1例有放射状骨膜反应,均有不同程度骨质吸收破坏.6例局部复发,2例发生颈部淋巴结转移,1例晚期发生骨转移. 结论鼻腔鼻窦MFH进展快、早期侵犯邻近器官组织、易复发,可有颈淋巴结转移.CT显示肿块呈浸润性生长,密度不均匀,边界不清,可有钙化或液化坏死,骨质广泛吸收破坏,影像学对诊断和制定治疗方案有一定帮助.