高频彩色多普勒超声诊断与鉴别诊断阴囊肿块的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声对阴囊肿块的诊断与鉴别诊断价值.材料和方法:对34例阴囊肿块行彩色多普勒超声检查,恶性病变23 例,良性病变11例,分析恶性病变及良性病变的超声声像图特征.结果:恶性病变声像图特征是睾丸形态失常,体积增大,肿瘤呈低回声(15/23)或不均匀混合回声(8/23),边界不清楚,CDFI显示肿块周边和内部血流丰富,呈条状或树枝状血流.良性病变声像图特征是睾丸大小形态常正常,病变多呈低回声,边界清楚,形态规整,CDFI显示病变内血流信号较少(8/11)或无血流信号(3/11).超声对阴囊肿块性质的诊断准确率88.2%(30/34),与手术和穿刺病理结果无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:彩色多普勒超声对阴囊肿块诊断与鉴别诊断有较高的临床应用价值.     

睾丸精原细胞瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现及其诊断价值

目的探讨睾丸精原细胞瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的23例睾丸精原细胞瘤的二维声像图,彩色多普勒及脉冲多普勒频谱特征。结果在23例睾丸精原细胞瘤中,外生肿块型8例,内生肿块型11例,弥漫浸润型4例。本组睾丸精原细胞瘤超声表现共同特征是：显示患侧睾丸增大,内部可见实质性回声团,彩色多普勒超声显示睾丸精原细胞瘤内部及周边血流信号丰富、杂乱、动脉血流频谱,收缩期最大峰值流速（PSV）为11～23 cm/s,阻力指数（RI）为0.34～0.57。结论彩色多普勒超声在诊断睾丸精原细胞瘤中起重要作用,应作为诊断本病的主要方法。     

颌下腺肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现及诊断价值

目的探讨颌下腺肿瘤的彩色多普勒超声表现及临床价值。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的29例颌下腺肿瘤的二维超声图像、彩色多普勒及脉冲多普勒频谱特征。结果29例颌下腺肿瘤中,恶性肿瘤约占41.4%(12/29),良性肿瘤约占58.6%(17/29)。本组颌下腺肿瘤超声表现共同特征是颌下三角出现肿块,内部可见实质性或混合性回声团,彩色多普勒超声显示颌下腺恶性肿瘤内部及周边血流信号丰富、杂乱,动脉血流频谱收缩期血流峰值速度(PSV)7.8~24cm/s,阻力指数(RI)0.43~0.94。颌下腺良性肿瘤内部及周边无或偶见点状血流信号。结论彩色多普勒超声诊断颌下腺肿瘤具有较高临床价值。     

彩色多普勒检测前列腺癌周边血流分布及其频谱特征

目的：探讨前列腺癌周边血流分布及其频谱特征，提高超声诊断前列腺癌的水平，方法：回顾性分析经病理证实的12例前列腺癌的彩色多普勒超声图像及血流频谱特征。结果：前列腺癌周边血流丰富，彩色血流信号呈花环状或点棒状，多普勒频谱测值为高阻力指数特征。结论：彩色多普勒超声对诊断前列腺癌有重要价值。     

乳腺良恶性肿块的高频彩色多普勒超声分析

目的:探讨彩色多普勒多参数分析对乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断的价值。材料和方法:应用高频彩色多普勒对96例104个乳腺实质肿块进行扫查,观察肿块的彩色多普勒血流信号及多普勒血流频谱形态,与手术病理结果对照分析。结果:64.4%的良性肿块可检出血流信号,血流信号多为Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,良性肿块中血流频谱以低阻力搏动型及静脉型多见,91.1%的乳腺恶性肿块可检出血流信号,血流信号多为Ⅱ~Ⅲ级,恶性肿块的血流频谱形态较多样化,即同时有多种血流频谱,且以高阻力搏动型和湍流型为多见。结论:高频彩色多普勒超声多参数综合分析有助于临床对乳腺肿块的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

彩色多普勒超声对腋窝淋巴结病变的诊断价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断腋窝淋巴结病变的价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声观察与测量42例良性、36例恶性肿大淋巴结长径与前后径(L/S)比值,内部回声,CDFI,血流分布及PWD频谱特征。结果良性淋巴结L/S比值大于1.8,平均为(2.02±0.24),RI为(0.62±0.08);恶性肿大淋巴结L/S比值小于1.8,平均为(1.50±0.29),RI为(0.82±0.07),二项指标比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05),良性淋巴结血流分支细少,走行规律,低阻力,而恶性肿大淋巴结呈不规则扭曲、紊乱血流,高阻力。结论彩色多普勒超声对腋窝肿大淋巴结良、恶性的鉴别诊断具有较大意义,可作为首选方法。     

灰阶超声和彩色多普勒对小肾癌的诊断及鉴别诊断价值

目的:探讨小肾癌的灰阶超声特征及彩色多普勒超声表现,评价二者联合应用对小肾癌的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法:对临床和病理证实的42例直径≤3cm的肾脏占位性病变的灰阶超声及彩色多普勒超声表现进行了分析,对每类病灶的边界、内部回声及彩色血流征象进行统计比较。结果:小肾癌(SRC)与肾错构瘤(AML)、肾高密度囊肿(HDRC)分别对比,周边低回声声晕及内部混合回声有显著特异性(P<0.001,P<0.05);小肾癌与肾高密度囊肿对比,内部无血流信号有显著特异性(P<0.001);周边粗大血流虽无显著特异性,亦可提示小肾癌的诊断。结论:周边低回声声晕、内部混合回声以及周边粗大血流信号是提示小肾癌诊断的主要征象;灰阶超声及彩色多普勒二者联合应用对小肾癌的诊断与鉴别诊断有重要应用价值。     

彩色多普勒超声诊断宫外孕的影像学特征研究

 目的探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断宫外孕影像学特征.方法对手术病理证实的103例宫外孕患者附件区包块的彩色多普勒超声影像学特征进行回顾性研究,并与病理结果进行对照分析.结果(1)二维图像表现:子宫饱满或轻度增大,宫腔内未见胎囊,子宫内膜回声增强、增厚,增厚的内膜周围无明显的血流信号,附件区可见类圆形包块.其中胎囊性28例,占27.2%,包块型75例,占72.8%.(2)彩色多普勒血流特征:103例中67例在附件区包块内/或包块周边处记录到较丰富的滋养动脉血流,宫外孕滋养动脉血流检出率为65%.脉冲多普勒频谱特征为频谱增宽的高速低阻力的血流频谱,测量收缩期峰值流速为20～36 cm/s,舒张期峰值流速为11～18 cm/s,阻力指数(RI)为0.33～0.50,平均0.42±0.03.结论掌握宫外孕彩色多普勒影像学特征及血流分布的特异性,为临床医生及时选择恰当的治疗方案,评估宫外孕的预后,可提供有价值的参照信息.     

二维及彩色多普勒超声显像对肾癌的诊断分析

目的探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声显像对肾癌的诊断效果。方法采用二维及彩色多普勒超声检查82例肾癌患者,通过检查结果和手术病理结果进行对照。结果肾癌向肾外突出致肾脏轮廓改变占为82.93%。肿瘤内部回声强度呈偏高至高回声型占为29.27%;等回声型占为12.20%,低回声型为占70.73%,混合回声型占为8.54%。周边低回声声晕型占为39.02%。76例可探及彩色血流信号,其中34例可见丰富血流信号,显示为病灶周边的"环状"或"半环状"血流,42例病灶周边及内部见少量条状或星点状血流信号,6例病灶内部未见明显彩色血流信号。超声诊断肾癌符合率86.59%(71/82),与手术结果比较,差异无统计学意义。结论二维及彩色多普勒超声显像对于检查肾癌有方便、无创、费用低等特征,可依据二维图像及CDFI图像早期准确的诊断肾癌。     

超声对甲状腺疾病诊断价值的探讨

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断甲状腺疾病的价值。方法:回顾性分析578例甲状腺疾病(良性病变504例,甲状腺癌31例)的超声表现,并与手术及病理结果对照。结果:本组中甲状腺良性病变的诊断符合率为92.1%(504/547),恶性病变诊断符合率为83.9%(26/31),总的诊断符合率为97.1%。结论:应用二维声像图特征,结合彩色多普勒及脉冲多普勒血流参数测值,对甲状腺疾病可做出较准确的诊断。     

Evaluation of the efficacy of colour Doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) to differentiate between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes. METHODS: During a period of 12 months, 100 untreated patients with clinical evidence of cervical lymphadenopathy (50 patients with clinically suspected malignant/metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy and 50 patients with clinically suspected reactive/benign cervical lymphadenopathy) were prospectively evaluated with CDUS. CDUS was performed for 168 cervical lymph nodes in these 100 patients. Histopathological confirmations were obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy and/or excisional biopsy. To evaluate the efficacy of CDUS, comparison between clinical features, CDUS features and cytological/histological features of enlarged cervical lymph nodes was then done. RESULTS: Initially, clinical examination evaluated 143 cervical lymph nodes. CDUS evaluation discovered additional 25 lymph nodes (143+25 = 168). Correlation of patterns of colour Doppler flow signals with pathological diagnosis showed that central flow for benign nodes and peripheral flow for malignant nodes were highly significant parameters (P < 0.01). CDUS has a higher specificity than clinical evaluation, being 94.28% and 58.76%, respectively. Accuracy of the CDUS examination was also definitely higher than clinical evaluation at 92.85% and 63.67%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Nodal vascularity can be used to differentiate benign from malignant lymphadenopathy. Proper judicious CDUS examination provides an opportunity to eliminate the need for biopsy/FNAC in reactive nodes.     

卵巢畸胎瘤的CT表现

目的:研究卵巢畸胎瘤的CT表现,提高CT诊断的准确性。方法:搜集手术病理证实的卵巢畸胎瘤18例共计20个肿瘤,对其CT表现作回顾性分析。结果:18例卵巢畸胎瘤,平均34.2岁,其中良性囊性畸胎瘤18个,恶性未成熟畸胎瘤2个。右侧9个,左侧11个,平均最大直径87mm。17个呈圆形或椭圆形,3个为不规则形。18个见脂质成分存在。18个良性者14个显示壁结节,2个见脂-液平面;2个恶性者密度不均匀。13个见钙化或骨化。本组20个肿瘤平扫CT的敏感度100%,特异度95%,诊断符合率为95%。结论:发生于卵巢的含有脂质成分和钙化或骨化斑者应考虑本病。     

卵巢畸胎瘤的CT表现

目的研究卵巢畸胎瘤的CT表现.方法经病理证实卵巢畸胎瘤25例,全部女性,平均年龄32.8岁.其中良性囊性畸胎瘤21例,恶性未成熟畸胎瘤4例.全部病例作了CT扫描.结果右侧12例,左侧13例,平均最大直径81mm.20例圆或椭圆形,5例不规则形.24例见脂质成分存在.21例良性者16例显示壁结节,3例为实质性肿块,2例见脂/液平面;4例恶性者密度不均匀.20/25例见钙化或骨化.2例恶性者并有腹膜转移.结论发生于卵巢的含有脂质成分和钙化或骨化斑者应考虑本病诊断.     

彩色多普勒超声在异位妊娠保守治疗中应用的评价

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在异位妊娠保守治疗监测中的价值。方法应用彩色多普勒超声对65例临床怀疑异位妊娠患者进行早期诊断,并对其保守治疗(甲氨蝶呤)过程进行动态监测。结果彩色多普勒超声检查对65例可疑异位妊娠患者的早期确诊率达96.92%。异位妊娠保守治疗成功35例(56%),失败28例。包块内探及血流信号者,其血β-HCG下降速度较快,保守治疗成功率在包块内有或者无血流信号两组间无明显差异。结论彩色多普勒检查对异位妊娠早期诊断及保守治疗过程的动态监测具有重要意义。     

彩色多普勒超声对探测触诊阴性乳腺结节的临床意义（附328例分析）

目的探讨超声对探测触诊阴性乳腺结节的临床意义。方法328例触诊阴性乳腺结节患者均经彩色多普勒超声检查,其中年龄大于35岁者又经乳腺镏靶X线检查,全部患耆的超声检查结果与病理进行对照。结果在328例触诊阴性乳腺结节患者中,术前超声检出最大直径小于1cm的乳腺结节病灶共465个,其中,单发结节者160例,多发结节着168例,超声诊断良性结节者326例,恶性结节者2例,2例恶性误诊为良性。与病理对照,本组患者超声诊断敏感性为50％,特异性为100％,准确性为99．39％。结论超声提示触诊阴性的乳腺结节多为良性病变;彩色多普勒超声是尽甲发现本病的首选方法。     

Adenocarcinomas arising from primary retroperitoneal mature teratomas: CT and MR imaging

An adenocarcinoma arising from mature teratoma is one form of teratoma with malignant transformation. It is extremely rare but highly malignant. The authors report two patients with adenocarcinomas arising from primary retroperitoneal teratomas. The CT and MRI findings of the tumors are presented with emphasis on imaging features implying the presence of malignant transformation and differing from those of pure benign mature teratoma. Correct diagnosis of the presence of malignant transformation from a benign mature teratoma can be made as early as possible by awareness of the imaging features.     

CT findings of mature cystic teratoma with malignant transformation: comparison with mature cystic teratoma

Purpose

To evaluate the imaging findings of mature cystic teratoma with malignant transformation (malignant teratoma) compared with the corresponding mature cystic teratoma (benign teratoma).

Materials and methods

This study enrolled 1325 patients with 12 malignant teratomas and 1313 benign teratomas. We compared the computed tomographic (CT) findings of eight malignant teratomas and 15 benign teratomas; both groups were matched in terms of tumor size (>9.9 cm) and patient age (>45 years). The CT images were retrospectively evaluated with focus on soft tissue components; size, border (regular or irregular), the presence or absence of nodular formation, enhancement, the angle formed between the soft tissue components and the inner wall of the cyst (acute or obtuse), and transmural growth as well as metastasis including lymphadenopathy and disseminated disease. Using the Fischer's Exact test, each evaluating parameter was compared between the two groups.

Results

Soft tissue components were observed in 75% (six of eight) of malignant teratomas and in 33% (five of fifteen) of benign teratomas; 100% (six of six) of soft component in malignant teratomas had a nodular formation and none of soft component in benign teratomas showed nodular formation; 83% (five of six) of soft component in malignant teratomas had enhancement as well as an obtuse angle between the soft tissue components and the inner wall of the cyst. None of soft component in benign teratomas showed enhancement and 20% (one of five) of soft component in benign teratomas had an obtuse angle; 33% (two of six) of soft component in malignant teratomas showed transmural growth, 13% (one of eight) of malignant teratoma showed lymphadenopathy, and 38% (three of eight) showed disseminated disease. None of benign teratomas showed transmural growth, lymphadenopathy, or disseminated disease. A statistically significant difference between patients with and without malignant transformation was seen in terms of nodular formation, obtuse angle, and enhancement of the soft tissue components (P<.05).

Conclusion

Malignant teratoma is characterized by the following imaging findings: the presence of a nodular forming and enhancing soft tissue component, an obtuse angle between the soft tissue and the inner wall of the cyst, as well as extracapsular tumor growth with extension into adjacent structures or metastasis. Therefore, we can differentiate malignant teratoma from benign teratoma using CT findings.     

高频彩色多普勒超声在乳腺肿瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨高频彩色多普勒超声对鉴别乳腺良恶性肿块的应用价值。方法对86例经手术病理确诊的乳腺疾病患者（56例良性,30例恶性）进行术前彩超检查,对比性分析了两组间高频声像图、彩色多普勒血流成像（CDFI）、病灶内血流Adler分级、阻力指数（RI）、峰值流速（PSV）的差异。结果乳腺良恶性肿块声像图鉴别以肿块边界及形态特征最重要,彩色多普勒显示乳腺癌内的血流较良性肿块明显丰富（P〈0．05）,乳腺癌的血管分布异常、频谱多普勒示肿块内动脉血流PSV、RI也是显著高于良性肿块且有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论综合分析和评价血流Adler分级及频谱多普勒各项血流动力学参数（PSV,RI）指标,有助于对乳腺良恶性肿块的鉴别。     

纵隔畸胎瘤的CT诊断

目的探讨纵隔畸胎瘤的CT特点,提高该病的诊断准确性。方法回顾性分析35例经临床和病理证实的纵隔畸胎瘤患者的CT资料。结果纵隔畸胎瘤绝大多数(97.1%)位于前纵隔中上部。纵隔畸胎瘤包括囊性畸胎瘤(60.0%)和实质性畸胎瘤(40.0%)2大类,其内可以观察到多种胚层的各种组织。囊性畸胎瘤(21例)CT表现为囊状水样密度块影,大多数具有“显壁囊肿”的特点。实质性畸胎瘤(14例)CT表现为混杂密度软组织块影。恶性畸胎瘤(5例)与周围组织间脂肪间隙消失,并对周围大血管呈全包绕或大半包绕状态。纵隔畸胎瘤可产生胸腔积液(6例)和心包积液(12例)。结论纵隔畸胎瘤具有明显的CT特点。CT在纵隔畸胎瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断中具有重要价值。