MDCTP对肝硬化门脉高压侧支循环血管的显示价值

目的:评价16排螺旋CT门静脉血管成像(MDCTP)技术在显示肝硬化门脉高压侧支循环血管方面的应用价值。方法:对38例临床诊断肝硬化门脉高压的患者行上腹部MDCTP检查。采用MIP、MPR、VR等三维重组技术进行图像后处理,获得门静脉系统及侧支循环血管图像。结果:38例中显示食管胃底粘膜下静脉曲张31例,食管旁静脉曲张10例;胃左静脉曲张29例,胃短静脉曲张26例;脐静脉与腹壁静脉曲张7例;脾-肾或胃-肾分流6例;腹膜后分流2例。结论:MDCTP能显示肝硬化患者门-体侧支循环开放部位、范围及程度,有重要的临床应用价值。     

肝硬化患者CT门静脉血管成像中门静脉侧支血管的表现

目的 分析肝硬化患者在16排螺旋CT门静脉血管成像(CTPV)上门静脉侧支血管的表现.方法 对36例经临床、肝功能和影像学检查诊断为肝硬化门静脉高压的患者行腹部CTPV检查,经图像后处理,获得门静脉系统及侧支血管三维重建图像.结果 CTPV可以直观地显示门静脉系统及整个门静脉侧支循环系统.36例病例中显示胃左静脉曲张29例(80.6%),食管下段静脉曲张18例(50.0%),胃短/W后静脉曲张15例(41.7%),食管旁静脉曲张9例(25.0%),胃-肾/脾-肾分流8例(22.2%),门静脉海绵样变7例(19.4%),脐静脉与腹壁静脉曲张6例(16.7%),椎旁静脉分流4例(11.1%).结论 CTPV能很好地显示肝硬化患者门脉高压侧支循环的开放部位、范围及严重程度,对判断病情、选择治疗方案及估计预后有重要的临床应用价值.     

门静脉CTA在门静脉高压门体分流侧支血管显示中的应用

目的 研究多层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)在门静脉高压患者上腹部分流侧支血管显示中的作用. 资料与方法 对126例门静脉高压患者行门静脉系统及侧支血管的CTA检查. 结果 126例中,CTA提示各类食管静脉曲张108例(85.7%),胃底静脉曲张117例(92.9%),单纯食管静脉曲张8例(6.3%),食管静脉曲张合并胃体部静脉曲张1例(0.8%),食管静脉曲张合并胃底静脉曲张99例(78.6%),单纯胃底静脉曲张18例(14.3%).胃左静脉显示120例(95.2%),附脐静脉显示26例(20.6%),胃网膜静脉显示10例(7.9%).发现脾肾分流道4例(3.2%),胃左肾分流道35例(27.8%). 结论 门静脉CTA可以清晰显示门静脉高压患者食管、胃底静脉曲张及主要侧支血管的走行、分布,为临床治疗方案的选择和疗效的观察评估提供有价值的影像学依据.     

CT对肝硬化后期门静脉高压的诊断价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT血管造影对肝硬化后期门脉高压患者的诊断价值。方法:通过对33例肝硬化门脉高压患者进行门静脉CT血管成像(CTPV)增强检查。结果:33例患者均成功地实施了门静脉CTPV,所有患者全有门静脉主干曲张外,以脐周静脉、腹膜后静脉、食管周围静脉曲张和奇静脉扩大为主,部分有门静脉-肝动脉瘘和门静脉栓子形成。结论:CTPV可显示肝硬化门脉高压患者的门体静脉之间侧支循环血管曲张及早期诊断肝硬化的深远意义。     

门脉高压的三维增强磁共振血管成像

目的 探讨上腹部磁共振对比增强三维血管成像技术(three-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR angiography,3D CE-MRA),对显示门脉高压所致血管改变及血流改变的应用价值.方法 对60例门脉高压患者,运用GE Signa 1.5T超导磁共振扫描仪进行3D CE-MRA 和2D CE-MRA成像,分析门脉高压的MRA表现.结果 (1)门静脉纤细狭窄18例.(2)门静脉闭塞、海绵样变11例.(3)食管下段、胃底静脉曲张43例.(4)腔静脉狭窄、闭塞 11例.(5)奇静脉、半奇静脉开放4例.(6)脐静脉开放4例.结论 3D CE-MRA是诊断门脉高压所致门脉系统血管及血流改变的可靠方法.     

门脉高压的CT表现及病因分析

目的：分析门脉高压的CT表现及病因，提高对门脉高压的认识。资料与方法：回顾分析35例经平扫与三期增强扫描的门脉高压患者的CT表现，探讨门脉高压引起的侧支循环和肝脏、脾脏改变以及形成病因。结果：35例患者均有肝硬化、脾大、门脉及脾静脉扩张，增强门脉期清晰显示侧支循环静脉。乙肝患者19例，占54％；肝硬化并肝癌11例，占31％；血吸虫病3例。Budd—Chiari综合症1例；CaroliU型1例。结论：肝硬化、脾大、门脉主干增粗、脾静脉及侧支循环静脉曲张为门脉高压主要CT表现，乙肝、肝癌为其主要病因。     

胰源性区域性门静脉高压的多层螺旋CT诊断及其临床价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）及图像后处理技术对胰源性区域性门静脉高压的诊断及临床价值.方法 对胰源性区域性门静脉高压症患者28例使用16排多层螺旋CT机行腹部平扫及增强扫描,采用图像后处理技术,显示胰源性区域性门静脉高压异常的脾静脉及侧支血管情况.结果 CT显示脾静脉狭窄或闭塞28例,胃冠状静脉曲张14例（14/28）,胃短静脉曲张15例（15/28）,胃网膜静脉曲张25例（25/28）.结论 MSCT及图像后处理技术能很好地从不同方位显示胰源性区域性门静脉高压侧支循环血管,具有重要的临床指导价值.     

犬肝硬化门静脉高压征食管静脉曲张模型的建立及评价

目的食管胃底静脉曲张动物模型的建立,对研究如何预防和治疗门脉高压征食管胃底静脉曲张出血具有重要意义。本研究目的在于建立犬门脉高压征食管静脉曲张动物模型并加以评价,为下一步探索临床治疗方法提供可靠、稳定的模型动物。方法10条健康成年雄性杂种犬为研究对象,以胆总管结扎术加CCl4法建立门脉高压征食管胃底静脉曲张动物模型。同时采用一系列的检查方法加以评估。结果10条犬存活8条,经胃镜检查证实,所有存活动物均形成食管静脉曲张,其中轻度2例,中度4例,重度2例。与术前相比,肝功能显著异常,门静脉压力明显升高,差异具有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。门脉高压性胃病达58%。结论本组方法简单易行,模型质量可靠,制备周期明显缩短。该方法可形成稳定的肝硬化门脉高压征食管静脉曲张模型,可用于该方面的相关研究。     

CT门静脉成像对食管胃静脉曲张侧支循环的研究

目的：通过与常规门静脉直接造影（CP）的比较,评价CT门静脉成像（CT portography,CTP）显示食管胃静脉曲张相关侧支循环血管的能力。方法：对42例门静脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张栓塞术患者的术前CT门静脉成像和术中常规门静脉直接造影进行对比,比较二者对食管胃静脉曲张相关侧支血管显示的差异性,采用卡方检验。结果：二种检查方法对食管胃静脉曲张相关侧支血管显示的差异性检验,（χ^2=2.00,P〉0.05）,表明二者无显著差异。结论：CT门静脉成像能直观显示食管胃静脉曲张相关的侧支循环血管,有助于治疗方案的选择和缩短治疗的时间。     

多层螺旋CT对胰源性区域性门静脉高压的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)及图像后处理技术对胰源性区域性门静脉高压的诊断及临床指导价值。方法:对胰源性区域性门静脉高压患者18例,使用16排多层螺旋CT机行上腹部CT平扫及增强扫描,采用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、容积再现(VR)等图像后处理技术,显示胰源性区域性门静脉高压侧支循环血管。结果:显示胃网膜静脉曲张(84%)、胃短静脉曲张(90%)、胃冠状静脉曲张(78%)、胃结肠干曲张(50%)和食管静脉曲张(17%)。MPR、MIP、VR可以直观地显示各曲张血管的走行及曲张程度。结论:MSCT及图像后处理技术能很好地从不同方位显示胰源性区域性门静脉高压侧支循环血管,具有重要的临床指导价值。     

Percutaneous transhepatic portography. II. Comparison with splenoportography in portal hypertension.

Percutaneous transhepatic portography and splenoportography were compared in 67 patients with portal hypertension. Portograms were evaluated without knowledge of the identity of patients. Factors evaluated included technical success of the examination; visualization of the portal vein, splenic vein, and other tributaries; contrast medium density, portal blood flow direction; presence and type of collaterals and varices; and liver size and configuration. Percutaneous transhepatic portography proved superior with regard to delineation of the portal venous system and esophageal varices. A definite diagnosis of portal vein thrombosis was possible only with the transhepatic approach.     

Three-dimensional portography using multislice helical CT is clinically useful for management of gastric fundic varices

OBJECTIVE: This study seeks to evaluate three-dimensional (3D) helical CT portography as a tool for examining patients with gastric fundic varices. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We compared 3D helical CT portography and conventional angiographic portography in 30 consecutive patients with gastric fundic varices. We assessed whether 3D helical CT portography is useful in selecting patients and in evaluating the results of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration. RESULTS: Three-dimensional helical CT portography simultaneously depicted second or third branches of the intrahepatic portal vein and provided images of entire portosystemic collaterals. On 3D helical CT portography, gastric fundic varices were seen in 30 patients (100%), left gastric veins in 19 (63%), posterior gastric veins or short gastric veins in 28 (93%), gastrorenal shunts in 27 (90%), paraumbilical veins in three (10%), and inferior phrenic veins in two patients (7%). Findings of 3D helical CT portography and conventional angiographic portography were in close agreement. However, in four patients, posterior gastric veins or short gastric veins were not seen on conventional angiographic portography images of the spleen, but they were clearly revealed on 3D helical CT portography. Treatment was successful in all patients except one. Three-dimensional helical CT portography could easily evaluate therapeutic results. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional helical CT portography proved so effective that it can be considered a less invasive alternative than conventional angiographic portography in assessing portosystemic collaterals. CT portography is useful in selecting candidates from patients with gastric fundic varices for retrograde transvenous obliteration and also in evaluating therapeutic results.     

Percutaneous transhepatic portography. III. Relationships between portosystemic collaterals and portal pressure in cirrhosis.

The relationships among collateral veins, gastroesophageal varices, extrahepatic shunting, and free portal pressure were studied by percutaneous transhepatic portography in 57 patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The size of esophageal varices was related to the size of the coronary and short gastric veins and to the portal pressure. The size of gastric varices was related to cephalad collaterals from the spleen and splenic vein, but not to portal pressure. Portosystemic shunting was associated with collaterals in the lower abdomen, but not with varices or portal pressure.     

动态增强磁共振门静脉造影在门脉高压症诊断中的价值

目的:探讨动态增强磁共振门静脉造影(DCE MRP)在门脉高压症诊断中的价值。方法:对门脉高压症组23例和正常对照组15例行DCE MRP检查。观察23例门静脉高压症在DCE MRP上的表现。结果:对照组15例均清楚显示门静脉。门脉高压症表现为门静脉增粗(21例)、脾静脉迂曲扩张(23例);门静脉分支级数减少(18例);门静脉延迟显影(7例);显示侧枝循环静脉(6例);门静脉血栓形成(3例)。结论:DCE MRP是评价门静脉的一项快速无创的技术,可准确显示门静脉高压症门静脉系统的病理改变。     

门静脉3D DCE MRA成像的价值与常规门静脉造影对照研究

与常规门静脉造影对照,评价门静脉三维动态态增磁共振血管成像（３－ｄｉｍｅｎｓｉｏｎａｌｄｙｎａｍｉｃｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｅｎｈａｎｅｄＭＲＡ,３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ）显示门静脉开放性及侧支循环的能力。材料与方法：共有２０例患者做了门静脉ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ成像,分析门静脉３ＤＤＣＥＭＲＡ上门脉主干,肝内门脉     

Portosystemic collaterals in portal hypertension: visualization by using blood-pool SPECT imaging

Single-photon emission CT (SPECT) was performed with technetium-99m autologous RBCs in 11 patients with chronic hepatitis and in 46 cirrhotic patients with portal hypertension to determine the value of the procedure for identifying portosystemic collateral blood flow. Twenty millicuries (740 MBq) of 99mTc-RBCs, labeled by an in vivo technique, were given IV, and tomographic imaging of the intraabdominal vascular blood pool was performed. Fourteen patients with cirrhosis also had arterial portography, and 37 had scintiphotosplenoportography. In 38 of 46 patients with cirrhosis, SPECT images showed portosystemic collaterals. The coronary vein was seen in 52% of the patients, the short gastric vein in 11%, the gastrorenal or splenorenal shunt in 24%, the umbilical vein in 11%, and the anterior abdominal wall vein in 17%. Portosystemic collaterals were not shown in any of the patients with chronic hepatitis. Collaterals were identified on SPECT images in 10 of 11 patients in whom collaterals were documented by arterial portography and in all 28 patients in whom collaterals were shown by scintiphotosplenoportography. Furthermore, SPECT clearly showed a patent portal vein in three patients and the coronary vein in two patients, when these veins were not identified by means of scintiphotosplenoportography. This experience suggests that SPECT is useful for the noninvasive identification of portosystemic collaterals in patients with portal hypertension.     

Portographic evaluation for recurrent esophagogastric varices following devascularization surgery

Purpose To investigate, by transhepatic portography, the changes in portosystemic collaterals and recurrent esophagogastric varices after devascularization surgery. Methods Thirty-five patients, who had undergone devascularization surgery 2–8 years previously, underwent follow-up portography and the collaterals and drainage routes were compared with preoperative portography resuts. Results Newly formed collaterals were present in 30 of 35 patients and the origins and drainage routes differed from preoperative ones. Most common were new collaterals arising from the junction of the portal and superior mesenteric veins; the next most frequent arose from a main portal branch, the portal trunk, or the superior mesenteric vein. New collaterals with recurrent varices were seen in 20 patients and without varices in 10; 5 patients had no collaterals or varices. Conclusion Since the development of new collaterals is common in portal hypertensive patients following devascularization surgery, regular follow-up for recurrent varices is necessary.     

Gadolinium enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance portography with subtraction.

The aim was to evaluate a subtraction technique for breath-hold gadolinium enhanced three-dimensional magnetic resonance portography (3D-MRP). 26 patients with gastric and/or duodenal varices related to portal hypertension were investigated by 3D-MRP with two phase acquisitions. A partial volume maximum intensity projection (MIP) image after subtracting selective arterial phase images from subsequent portal venous phase images (subtraction 3D-MRP) was compared with the partial volume MIP without subtraction (non-subtraction 3D-MRP) to assess visualization of the portal vein and its collaterals. Subtraction 3D-MRP depicted excellent visualization of the portal vein, although this was not significantly better than non-subtraction 3D-MRP. However, subtraction 3D-MRP gave superior visualization of portal collaterals, with effective suppression of arterial and renal signal intensities, compared with non-subtraction 3D-MRP (p<0.001).