基于2018年版肝脏影像报告数据系统对比分析CT和MRI诊断肝细胞癌的效能*

目的 比较CT和MRI按照2018年版肝脏影像报告数据系统(LI-RADS)诊断肝细胞癌(HCC)的效能。方法 2017年9月～2020年7月四川省肿瘤医院诊治的有HCC高危因素的72例患者(HCC 53例、非HCC恶性肿瘤10例、良性病变9例),接受CT和MRI检查。根据2018年版LI-RADS定义的影像学征象和分类法则,对所有病灶进行分类,采用kappa一致性检验两种检查方法的分类结果,以组织病理学检查结果为金标准,比较CT和MRI诊断HCC的ROC曲线下面积(AUC),计算LR-5类诊断HCC的敏感性和特异性。结果 CT和MRI的LI-RADS分类结果一致性较好,kappa值为0.693【(95%CI:0.545～0.841),P＜0.001】;两种检查方法诊断HCC的AUC分别为0.827(95%CI: 0.708～0.946)和0.856(95%CI: 0.761～0.952),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);以LR-5为阳性,MRI诊断HCC的敏感性为81.1%(43/53),显著高于CT诊断的66.0%(35/53),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);CT和MRI诊断HCC的特异性分别为78.9%(15/19)和89.5%(17/19),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在LI-RADS定义的主要征象中,MRI对强化包膜的显示率为40.3%,显著高于CT的5.5%(P＜0.001)。结论 基于肝脏影像报告数据系统,CT和MRI诊断HCC有相当高的效能,而MRI诊断肝细胞癌的敏感性高于CT,特别在显示强化病灶包膜方面优于CT。     

LI-RADS超声分类诊断肝脏占位性病变准确性分析

目的 探讨应用LI-RADS超声分类方法诊断肝脏占位性病变的准确性。方法 2018年1月～2019年9月我院经病理学检查诊断为肝脏占位性病变患者60例,均接受超声造影检查。按照LI-RADS分类方法,分别以LR-3(方法1)和LR-4a(方法2)作为为截断点,分析两种方法鉴别良恶性病变的效能。结果 在60例肝占位性病变患者中,综合诊断肝囊肿4例,肝血管瘤16例,肝脓肿8例,肝局灶性脂肪变9例,肝局灶性结节性增生9例,肝细胞癌8例,肝转移瘤6例;以病理学检查诊断为金标准,方法1诊断恶性病变22例,良性病变38例。方法 2诊断恶性病变14例,良性病变46例;方法1诊断的灵敏度、特异度和正确率分别为85.7%、78.2%和80.0%,而方法2则分别为78.6%、93.5%(P<0.05)和100.0%(P<0.05)。结论 采用LI-RADS 方法2分辨肝脏占位性病变的性质具有很高的准确性,其临床应用价值值得进一步研究。     

多排螺旋CT三期增强与3.0T MR多期动态增强扫描诊断肝细胞癌的价值分析*

目的 探讨3.0T MR多期动态增强扫描与多排螺旋CT三期增强扫描诊断肝细胞癌的价值。方法 2015年9月~2017年9月我院收治的98例肝占位患者,分别行MRI和CT增强扫描检查,采用Kappa检验分析三名医师诊断评分之间的一致性,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）并计算曲线下面积（AUC）判断影像学检查指标的诊断效能。结果 在98例肝占位患者中,病理学检查诊断HCC 86例,再生结节10例,嗜酸性肉芽肿2例;在86例HCC患者中,存在97个病灶,其中32个病灶<1.0 cm;在32个<1.0 cm的HCC病灶中, MRI动态增强扫描发现31个（96.9%）,而多排螺旋CT增强扫描仅发现26个（81.3%,P<0.05）,其余65个超过1.0 cm 的病灶均被两种扫描方法发现和诊断;ROC曲线分析发现,MRI动态增强扫描和多排螺旋CT增强扫描诊断HCC的AUC分别为0.962和0.824,两者相比具有显著性差异（t=3.106,P<0.05）,MRI动态增强扫描诊断HCC的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为99.0%、91.0%和96.2%,显著优于多排螺旋CT增强扫描检查（分别为93.8%、72.0%和85.3%,x²=19.587,P<0.05)。结论 3.0T MR多期动态增强扫描能够更清晰地反映HCC病灶的细微形态特点和强化特征,对于诊断小HCC的价值优于CT增强扫描。     

MSCT与MRI动态增强扫描对高血供肝内胆管癌与肝细胞癌的诊断价值分析

目的 探讨多层螺旋计算机断层扫描(MSCT)与磁共振成像(MRI)动态增强扫描对高血供肝内胆管癌(ICC)和肝细胞癌(HCC)的诊断价值。方法 2018年1月～2019年6月我科诊治的70例原发性肝癌患者,均接受MSCT和MRI动态增强扫描。以手术后组织病理学检查诊断作为金标准,评估两种检查方法的诊断效能。结果 经手术后组织病理学检查,在70例原发性肝癌患者中,诊断ICC 12例,HCC 58例;MSCT检查显示HCC病灶动脉期强化、静脉期强化减退,延迟期持续强化减退;MRI多期扫描检查显示39例HCC患者病灶呈快进快出型强化,17例患者病灶呈快进慢出型强化,2例患者病灶呈慢进慢出型强化。MRI多期扫描发现9例ICC患者病灶呈慢进慢出型,3例患者病灶在动脉期和门脉期未出现明显强化,延迟期逐渐呈均匀性强化;MRI诊断HCC患者56例(96.6%),与CT诊断的53例(91.4%)比,无显著性差异(P>0.05),而诊断ICC患者9例(75.0%),显著高于CT诊断的7例(58.3%,P<0.05)。结论 在富血供的PLC患者,ICC和HCC的影像学表现有所差异,应用MRI增强扫描有利于提高对ICC的诊断检出率,值得临床积累经验和应用。     

超声造影对肝细胞癌与肝转移癌的鉴别诊断价值分析

目的 研究超声造影(CEUS)检查肝转移癌(LM)与肝细胞癌(HCC)的表现特征和鉴别诊断价值。方法 2016年～2019年就诊于我院的肝脏占位患者117例,常规行CEUS检查,分析比较HCC与LM病灶在增强模式、开始增强时间、达峰时间和减退时间等方面的异同。结果 在77例HCC 患者中,有79个病灶,在40例LM患者中,有41个病灶;HCC病灶呈I型 增强为2.5%,II型为26.6%,III型为70.9%,而LM病灶分别为36.6%、9.8%和53.7%,差异显著(P＜0.05);HCC病灶增强达峰时间和减退时间分别为(29.16±7.87)s和(51.89±22.80)s,与LM病灶的【(25.98±5.30)s和(37.49±10.68)s,P＜0.05 】。结论 HCC与LM病灶在CEUS表现有一定的差异,对鉴别诊断具有很大的价值。     

超声造影联合血清CA19-9鉴别诊断胆管细胞癌与肝细胞癌应用研究

目的 探讨肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)与肝细胞癌(HCC)患者超声造影(CEUS)和血清糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平变化特征。方法 经组织病理学检查诊断的ICC患者48例和HCC患者78例,进行CEUS检查,常规检测血清CA19-9。建立鉴别诊断ICC与HCC的多指标二元Logistic回归方程,探索其诊断ICC的价值。结果 45.8%ICC患者以肿瘤周围环状增强为主,显著高于HCC患者的2.6%(P<0.05);58.3%ICC患者造影剂显著廓清,而94.9% HCC呈弱或无廓清(P <0.05);ICC组廓清时间为(54.6±10.2)s,显著早于HCC组【(76.1±25.1)s,P <0.05】;72.9%ICC患者血清CA19-9升高,显著高于HCC组的19.2%(P<0.05);建立多指标联合的二元Logistic诊断模型方程为:Logit(P)=-4.030+2.640×增强模式+2.486×廓清时间+2.579×廓清程度+2.731×血清CA19-9 (U/ml),该模型识别ICC的AUC为0.943,其敏感度和特异度分别为79.2%和93.6%。结论 熟悉ICC与HCC的超声造影表现特征,结合血清CA19-9水平,可以帮助鉴别这两种肿瘤。     

影像学检查评估TACE治疗的原发性肝癌患者术后残余肿瘤活性价值研究

目的 探讨超声(US)、电子计算机断层扫描(CT)和磁共振成像(MRI)检查评估原发性肝癌(PLC)患者在经导管动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)治疗术后肿瘤活性的价值。方法 2015年3月~2019年1月我院放射介入科行TACE治疗的60例PLC患者,术后3~5周行 US、CT、MRI及数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查。以DSA检查结果为金标准,评判US、CT和MRI对残余病灶活性检出率的差异。结果 在60例PLC患者,术后DSA 检测出72个病灶,以此为金标准,结果MRI检出65个(90.3%)病灶,US检出34个(47.2%)病灶,CT检出55个(76.4%)病灶,提示US检出率最低(P<0.05);MRI检出的灵敏度、特异度和准确性分别为87.5%、95.8%和83.3%,而US检出分别为41.6%、97.9%和39.5%,CT检出分别为75.0%、89.5%和64.5%,提示MRI检出的灵敏度和准确性显著高于US或CT检查(P＜0.05),而三种方法检出的特异度无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 介入手术治疗后,需采用影像学方法检查及时评估残余肿瘤活性,以决定后期治疗,以MRI检查的效能最好,但其费用可能较高。     

钆塞酸二钠增强磁共振扫描诊断肝脏局灶性病变研究*

目的 通过与手术后组织病理学诊断结果比较,观察钆塞酸二钠（Gd-EOB-DTPA）增强磁共振成像（MRI）对肝脏局灶性病变（FLL）的诊断价值。方法 我院收治的FLL患者68例,接受Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI检查,与术后组织病理学诊断比较检查结果的正确性。结果 68例FLL患者经术后组织病理学检查诊断为肝细胞癌36例,肝内胆管细胞癌6例,混合型肝癌8例,肝局灶性结节性增生12例,肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤4例,非FLL 2例,而Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI诊断FLL 64例,其中肝细胞癌37例,肝内胆管细胞癌7例,混合型肝癌4例,肝局灶性结节性增生14例,肝血管平滑肌脂肪瘤2例,非FLL 4例。增强MRI诊断FLL的Kappa值为0.7,其灵敏度为97.1%,特异度为100.0%,阳性预测值为100.0%,阴性预测值为50.0%。结论 采取Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI检查对FLL诊断具有较高的灵敏度和特异度,临床应重视其诊断价值。     

超声造影肝脏影像报告与数据系统在LR--3、LR-4、LR-5类病灶中的应用价值

目的探讨超声造影肝脏影像报告与数据系统(CEUS LI-RADS)在LR-3、LR-4、LR-5类HCC病灶中的应用价值。方法收集2013年1月至2019年1月具有肝细胞癌(HCC)高危风险的肝脏局灶性病变患者122例。以病理结果为诊断金标准,评价CEUS LI-RADS分类的诊断表现。结果患者共有146个病灶,经病理证实HCC120个(82.2%),肝脏良性病变26个(17.8%)。LR-1 5个、LR-2 3个,均为良性,LR-3 16个、LR-4 32个和LR-5 90个。以LR-1、LR-2类病灶为阴性结果,LR-3、LR-4和LR-5类病灶为阳性结果,LR-3+LR-4+LR-5诊断HCC敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为95.8%、30.8%和84.2%;不考虑LR-3类病灶,LR-4+LR-5诊断HCC敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为100%、53.3%和94.6%;不考虑LR-3、LR-4类病灶,LR-5诊断HCC敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为100%、80.0%和98.0%。LR-3+LR-4+LR-5(30.8%)诊断特异度显著低于LR-4+LR-5(53.3%)和LR-5(80.0%);同时LR-4+LR-5(53.3%)诊断特异度显著低于LR-5(80.0%);LR-3+LR-4+LR-5(84.2%)诊断准确度显著低于LR-4+LR-5(94.6%)和LR-5(98.0%);而LR-3+LR-4+LR-5、LR-4+LR-5和LR-5诊断敏感度无明显差异(P0.05)。结论 CEUS LI-RADS分类标准对LR--3、LR-4、LR-5类HCC病灶具有较高的诊断准确度,特别是LR-5类病灶。     

多排螺旋CT与MRI增强扫描原发性肝癌病灶影像学表现和诊断效能分析*

目的 分析比较多排螺旋CT与MRI增强扫描原发性肝癌（PLC）肝内病灶的影像学表现及其诊断价值。方法 2014年12月~2016年12月本院收治的经组织病理学检查诊断的肝细胞癌（HCC）患者36例,分别行CT和MRI多期动态增强扫描,分析各自的影像学表现特征,比较两者的诊断效能。结果 在36例HCC患者中,共检出病灶48个;检出<3 cm小肝癌14例,病灶16个,>3 cm巨块型肝癌9例,病灶32个;CT动脉期检出43个（89.6%）病灶,门脉期检出39个（81.3%）病灶,延迟期检出40个（83.3%）病灶,而MRI动脉期检出46个（95.8%）病灶,MRI门脉期检出率为52.1%,延迟期检出率为85.4%,组间比较差异显著（x²=14.376,P<0.05）;MRI扫描对PLC病灶包膜的显示优于CT,但差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;在48个病灶中,经CT增强扫描确诊41个（85.4%）,经MRI增强扫描确诊44个（91.7%）,两者差异无统计学意义（x²=0.924,P>0.05）。结论 CT和MRI多期动态增强扫描均能够充分显示PLC病灶的强化特征,其诊断效能难分伯仲。     

LI-RADS 4 or 5 categorization may not be clinically relevant for decision-making processes: A prospective cohort study

Introduction and objectivesThe liver imaging reporting data system (LI-RADS) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was proposed to standardize and enhance consensus of reporting. However, clinical utility of LI-RADS has not been evaluated in Latin America. We therefore sought to compare LI-RADS categories with histopathology findings in liver transplant (LT) explants in a regional center.Materials and methodsProspective cohort study conducted between 2012 and 2018 in a single center from Argentina including patients with HCC listed for LT. LI-RADS definitions were applied to magnetic resonance images (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) abdominal scans at time of listing and at final pre-LT reassessment and compared to explant pathology findings; specifically, major nodule (NOD1).ResultsOf 130 patients with HCC listed for LT (96.1% with cirrhosis and 35.6% with hepatitis C virus infection), 72 underwent LT. Overall, 65% had imaging HCC diagnosis based on MRI (n = 84), 26% with CT (n = 34) and 9% (n = 12) with both methods. Among LT patients with pre-transplant imaging at our institution (n = 42/72), 69% of the NOD1 were LR-5, 21% LR-4 and 10% LR-3. Definite HCC diagnosis was 50% in LR-3 NOD1 (CI 18–90); none presented microvascular invasion. In LR-4 NOD1, HCC was confirmed in 89% (CI 59–98), of which 11% showed microvascular invasion; whereas in LR-5 NOD1 77% (CI 64–87) had confirmed HCC, 17% with microvascular invasion.ConclusionsLI-RADS was useful to standardize reports; however, no significant differences were observed between LR-4 and LR-5 HCC probability when compared to explant pathology.     

CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分良恶性肺结节的应用价值

目的探究CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2018年9月至2020年7月确诊的122例SPN患者的临床资料。采用CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统进行分级评定,并以病理诊断结果为“金标准”,分析其准确性、敏感度及特异度,并通过Kappa检验分析其与病理诊断结果的一致性。结果病理诊断证实良性SPN 56例,占45.9%(56/122),多为不典型增生及错构瘤,占28.6%(16/56),恶性SPN 66例,占54.1%(66/122),多为腺癌及鳞癌;肺结节分级标准分类2级31例、3级29例、4A级9例、4B级53例;肺恶性结节中,空泡征、宝石征、肿瘤血管征、毛刺征的发生率明显高于肺良性结节(均P<0.05),而病灶周围有卫星病灶的发生率明显低于肺良性结节(P<0.05);将肺结节分级标准中3级及以下归为阴性结节,4级及以上归为阳性结节,诊断准确率为90.2%。肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节与病理结果表现出了较好的一致性(Kappa=0.803),以肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节的结果与“金标准”(病理诊断结果)比较,得到的敏感度87.9%(58/66)和特异度92.9%(52/56)。结论影像诊断时,合理利用基于CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统能有效地分类CT筛查出的肺结节,较好区分SPN的良、恶性。     

CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分良恶性肺结节的应用价值

目的探究CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统区分孤立性肺结节(SPN)良恶性的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2018年9月至2020年7月确诊的122例SPN患者的临床资料。采用CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统进行分级评定,并以病理诊断结果为“金标准”,分析其准确性、敏感度及特异度,并通过Kappa检验分析其与病理诊断结果的一致性。结果病理诊断证实良性SPN 56例,占45.9%(56/122),多为不典型增生及错构瘤,占28.6%(16/56),恶性SPN 66例,占54.1%(66/122),多为腺癌及鳞癌;肺结节分级标准分类2级31例、3级29例、4A级9例、4B级53例;肺恶性结节中,空泡征、宝石征、肿瘤血管征、毛刺征的发生率明显高于肺良性结节(均P<0.05),而病灶周围有卫星病灶的发生率明显低于肺良性结节(P<0.05);将肺结节分级标准中3级及以下归为阴性结节,4级及以上归为阳性结节,诊断准确率为90.2%。肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节与病理结果表现出了较好的一致性(Kappa=0.803),以肺结节分级标准诊断肺良性结节的结果与“金标准”(病理诊断结果)比较,得到的敏感度87.9%(58/66)和特异度92.9%(52/56)。结论影像诊断时,合理利用基于CT薄层影像特征制定的肺结节分级评估系统能有效地分类CT筛查出的肺结节,较好区分SPN的良、恶性。     

Clinicopathological assessment of steatohepatitic hepatocellular carcinoma

AimTo compare the clinicopathological features of typical steatohepatitic HCC (SH-HCC) with other HCCs.MethodsSubjects were 486 patients with untreated HCC who underwent hepatectomy at our hospital from January 2015 to December 2020. We compared patient backgrounds, preoperative laboratory data, imaging findings (ultrasonography, computed tomography [CT], and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), and postoperative pathological findings (tumor and background of liver). The Liver Imaging Reporting And Data System (LI-RADS) was used to examine CT and MRI findings.ResultsTypical SH-HCCs were significantly different from other HCCs with respect to age, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Diabetes and hyperlipidemia were also significantly more common. Regarding histopathology, tumor size and background steatosis were significantly different between groups. Although ultrasonography, CT, and MRI could each alone diagnose SH-HCCs with a diameter < 20 mm in ≥ 50% of patients, the combined use of these tests improved diagnostic accuracy. By LI-RADS, 87% of SH-HCC cases were classified as LR-5, which are considered to be malignant tumors.ConclusionsIt seems possible to diagnose SH-HCC by combining ultrasonography, CT, and MRI.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma: Can LI-RADS v2017 with gadoxetic-acid enhancement magnetic resonance and diffusion-weighted imaging improve diagnostic accuracy?

BACKGROUND The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System(LI-RADS), supported by the American College of Radiology(ACR), has been developed for standardizing the acquisition, interpretation, reporting, and data collection of liver imaging examinations in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Diffusionweighted imaging(DWI), which is described as an ancillary imaging feature of LI-RADS, can improve the diagnostic efficiency of LI-RADS v2017 with gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) for HCC.AIM To determine whether the use of DWI can improve the diagnostic efficiency of LIRADS v2017 with gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance MRI for HCC.METHODS In this institutional review board-approved study, 245 observations of high risk of HCC were retrospectively acquired from 203 patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI from October 2013 to April 2018. Two readers independently measured the maximum diameter and recorded the presence of each lesion and assigned scores according to LI-RADS v2017. The test was used to determine the agreement between the two readers with or without DWI. In addition, the sensitivity(SE), specificity(SP), accuracy(AC), positive predictive value(PPV), and negative predictive value(NPV) of LI-RADS were calculated.Youden index values were used to compare the diagnostic performance of LIRADS with or without DWI.RESULTS Almost perfect interobserver agreement was obtained for the categorization of observations with LI-RADS(kappa value: 0.813 without DWI and 0.882 with DWI). For LR-5, the diagnostic SE, SP, and AC values were 61.2%, 92.5%, and71.4%, respectively, with or without DWI; for LR-4/5, they were 73.9%, 80%, and75.9% without DWI and 87.9%, 80%, and 85.3% with DWI; for LR-4/5/M, they were 75.8%, 58.8%, and 70.2% without DWI and 87.9%, 58.8%, and 78.4% with DWI; for LR-4/5/TIV, they were 75.8%, 75%, and 75.5% without DWI and 89.7%,75%, and 84.9% with DWI. The Youden index values of the LI-RADS classification without or with DWI were as follows: LR-4/5: 0.539 vs 0.679; LR-4/5/M: 0.346 vs 0.467; and LR-4/5/TIV: 0.508 vs 0.647.CONCLUSION LI-RADS v2017 has been successfully applied with gadoxetate-enhanced MRI for patients at high risk for HCC. The addition of DWI significantly increases the diagnostic efficiency for HCC.     

LI-RADS分级系统的临床应用现状分析

[摘要]?美国放射协会（American College of Radiology, ACR）2011年首次发布了肝脏影像报告和数据系统（liver imaging reporting and data system, LI-RADS）,目的是将高危肝细胞癌（hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC）患者检查图像的采集、分析、报告和数据收集标准化。LI-RADS最早是根据CT/MRI的影像学表现分类,随着超声造影（contrast-enhanced ultrasound, CEUS）在临床上的广泛应用,ACR 2016年发布了CEUS LI-RADS。尽管CEUS和CT/MRI对高危HCC患者的肝局灶性病变进行LI-RADS分类的概念和原则相似,但2者之间还是有显著区别。本综述旨在通过与CT/MRI LI-RADS进行比较,探讨CEUS LI-RADS的临床应用价值。