RIFLE AKIN和KDIGO 3种急性肾损伤诊断标准在急性心肌梗死患者中的应用比较

目的 比较风险、损伤、衰竭、失功能、终末期肾病（RIFLE）、急性肾损伤网络（AKIN）和改善全球肾脏病预后组织（KDIGO）3种急性肾损伤（AKI）诊断标准对急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者AKI的诊断效率及其对早期（住院期间）死亡的预测能力。方法 回顾性分析2011年7月至2016年12月北京安贞医院收治住院的4610例AMI患者的临床资料。根据RIFLE、AKIN和KDIGO 3种标准统计住院期间AKI发生率,应用二元logistic回归分析住院死亡的危险因素,应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线比较3个标准对AMI患者住院死亡的预测准确性,应用Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合曲线来评估模型的拟合优度。结果 根据RIFLE、AKIN和KDIGO标准,AMI患者住院期间AKI发生率分别为9.2%、9.9%和12.7%。RIFLE(OR 5.49,95%CI 2.83～10.63,P<0.001)、AKIN(OR 9.74,95%CI 4.86～19.52,P<0.001)和KDIGO(OR 7.69,95%CI 3.87～15.30,P<0.001)标准诊断的AKI均是A...     

基于红细胞分布宽度和中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值建立慢加急性乙型肝炎肝衰竭患者短期预后预测模型价值研究

目的 基于红细胞分布宽度(RDW)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)建立乙型肝炎病毒相关慢加急性肝衰竭(HBV-ACLF)患者短期预后预测模型,即RNM。方法 回顾性分析HBV-ACLF患者102例,随访患者90 d内生存情况。采用单因素和多因素分析,筛选出对预后有影响的因素,构建短期预后预测模型,即RNM。绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC),评价各指标预测预后的价值。结果 本组90 d生存48例,死亡54例(52.9%);单因素分析显示,死亡组并发感染、RDW、WBC、NEU、NLR、TBIL、INR、Cr和MELD评分显著高于生存组(P<0.05),而淋巴细胞(LY)、ALB、Na⁺和PTA显著低于生存组(P <0.05);多因素分析显示,RDW(OR=1.410,95%CI,1.149～1.730)、NLR(OR=1.155,95%CI,1.001～1.333)和MELD评分(OR=1.128,95%CI,1.001～1.271)为影响患者死亡的独立危险因素;ROC曲线分析得出,RDW(AUC=0.826)、NLR(AUC=0.819)、MELD评分(AUC=0.791)和RNM模型(AUC=0.888)具有预测肝衰竭预后的应用价值,其中RNM模型的预测价值最优。结论 我们基于RDW和NLR建立的RNM模型预测CHB-ACLF患者90 d预后有良好的预测效能。     

ICU住院患者急性肾损伤患病现况调查及预后分析

目的:探讨ICU住院患者急性肾损伤(AKI)的患病及预后情况,并对预后相关危险因素进行分析。方法:回顾性分析655例ICU住院患者AKI的发生率、病因、病死率等流行病学情况,并采用Logistic回归分析影响预后的危险因素。结果:655例患者中发生AKI 109例(男87,女22)(16.6%),男女比例(3.95:1)。发生AKI第7天,46例死亡,病死率42.2%;发生AKI患者出院前肾功能完全恢复19例(17.4%),肾功能部分恢复43例(39.4%),肾功能未恢复41例(37.6%)。多因素Logistics回归分析低血压(OR=6.338)、昏迷(OR=4.417)、APACHEⅡ评分(OR=1.453)是患者死亡的独立危险因素。与肾功能预后相关的因素包括年龄、贫血、使用抗生素、出血。结论:AKI是ICU住院患者中越来越普遍且严重的并发症。一旦发生AKI,患者病死率高、肾功能难以完全恢复。昏迷、低血压、APACHEⅡ评分是患者死亡的独立危险因素;年龄、贫血、使用抗生素、出血是患者肾脏功能预后的相关因素。     

RIFLEAKIN和KDIGO诊断标准在百草枯中毒急性肾损伤中的应用

目的探讨RIFLE、AKIN和KDIGO三种急性肾损伤(AKI)诊断标准对百草枯(PQ)中毒患者AKI的诊断效率及其对预后的预测能力。方法以2010年11月至2014年11月在上海市第十人民医院肾脏科就诊的PQ中毒患者为研究对象,采用前瞻性队列研究,根据AKI三种诊断标准,将患者分为AKI组和非AKI组,并根据不同诊断标准将AKI组进一步分期,比较三种诊断标准对预后的预测能力。结果 PQ中毒患者中,AKIN标准诊断AKI的发生率(29.7%,30/101),明显低于RIFLE(48.5%,49/101)和KDIGO(52.5%,53/101)(P0.05)标准。三种诊断标准中,AKI组患者的生存率均较非AKI组明显降低(P0.001)。不同诊断标准中,随着AKI分期水平的增加生存率逐渐降低,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。AKIN对患者预后的预测能力明显低于RIFLE和KDIGO(AUC:AKIN=0.674,RIFLE=0.816,KDIGO=0.831,P0.05),而RIFLE和KDIGO之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 RIFLE和KDIGO诊断标准均适用于PQ中毒患者AKI的诊断及预后的预测,而AKIN标准的诊断效率及对预后的预测能力均较差。AKI可作为PQ中毒患者预后的评估指标。     

肝衰竭患者血浆置换治疗后血清胆红素和凝血酶原活动度变化规律浅探

目的 研究血浆置换(PE)治疗肝衰竭患者血清胆红素和凝血酶原活动度变化规律。方法 2015年2月～2018年8月安徽医科大学第二附属医院肝病科住院的肝衰竭患者47例,分别接受3次以上PE治疗。采用二元多因素Logistic回归分析影响肝衰竭患者短期预后的因素。结果 在治疗12 w末,本组47例患者生存22例(46.8%),死亡25例;25例死亡患者年龄为(47.5±13.4)岁、基线MELD评分为(33.5±6.1)分、PTA为(23.8±10.1)%、APTT为(93.8±40.6)s,与22例生存患者比,差异显著,死亡组肝性脑病发生率为64.0%,显著高于生存组的27.3%(P＜0.05);多因素 Logistic 回归分析提示年龄和基线PTA是影响肝衰竭患者短期预后的独立危险因素;经线性回归分析发现,PE术后TBIL下降与术前TBIL 水平呈正相关(r=0.866,P＜0.05),首次PE术后PTA升高最显著(P＜0.05)。结论 年龄和凝血酶原活动度是影响肝衰竭患者预后的独立危险因素,了解这些重要的指标对判断病情和及时地给予处理对改善预后很有帮助。     

乙型肝炎肝硬化患者并发急性肾损伤危险因素分析*

目的 分析探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者并发急性肾损伤(AKI)的危险因素。方法 2018年3月～2020年3月于我院进行治疗的乙型肝炎肝硬化患者136例,通过电子病历收集一般资料和实验室指标,根据相关标准诊断诊断并发AKI者40例,无AKI者96例。应用Logistic回归分析影响AKI发生的危险因素。结果 单因素分析结果表明,并发AKI患者失代偿期肝硬化占比为52.5%,显著高于无AKI患者的31.3%(P<0.05),腹水发生率为55.0%,显著高于无AKI患者的29.2%(P<0.05),并发肝性脑病发生率为22.5%,显著高于无AKI患者的4.2%(P<0.05),而两组性别、年龄、病程、Child-Pugh分级差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);多元Logistic回归分析结果显示肝硬化分期、腹水和并发肝性脑病是乙型肝炎肝硬化患者发生AKI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 乙型肝炎肝硬化患者发生肝功能失代偿、腹水或并发肝性脑病容易诱发AKI,临床需要行针对性的预防措施,以提高生存率。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期住院患者死亡相关因素分析

目的了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)住院患者病死率及死亡相关因素。方法采用回顾性分析,收集北京大学第三医院2007年1月至2008年12月呼吸科收住的AECOPD患者138例。总结患者特点,并采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归进行分析。结果 AECOPD住院患者院内病死率为21.7%。单因素分析发现下列因素与AECOPD住院死亡相关:年龄、住院时间长短、PASP、入住ICU、合并肺炎、贫血、肾功能不全、Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、心房颤动、休克、气胸。多因素Logistic回归分析提示肺炎(OR=42.488)、高PASP(≥45mmHg)(OR=15.914)、贫血(OR=7.693)、心房颤动(OR=6.215)以及入住ICU(OR=4.927)是AECOPD患者住院死亡的独立危险因素。结论 AECOPD住院患者病死率高,肺炎、高PASP(≥45mmHg)、贫血、心房颤动以及入住ICU是AECOPD患者住院死亡的独立危险因素。     

神经外科重症患者急性肾损伤发生情况及危险因素分析

目的总结神经外科重症患者发生急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)相关危险因素。方法采用多中心前瞻性队列研究,纳入2014年3月至2015年1月广东省人民医院重症医学科神经外科重症监护室(ICU)、南方医科大学附属小榄医院ICU、广州市第一人民医院南沙分院ICU符合研究条件的神经外科重症患者663例,收集患者人口统计学资料、手术前后的临床资料和实验室检查结果,分析AKI的发生情况、临床危险因素,死亡等预后情况,通过多因素回归分析神经外科重症患者AKI发生的独立危险因素。结果 AKI发生率为16.9%(112/663)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,患者再次手术(OR 7.887,95%CI 1.666~37.345)、入ICU血清胱抑素C水平(OR 4.226,95%CI 1.948~9.166)、入ICU格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GCS)≤8分(OR 2.928,95%CI 1.503~5.706)、入ICU血清肌酐106μmol/L(OR 3.422,95%CI 1.518~7.714)、术中输血≥400 m L(OR 2.562,95%CI 1.418~4.627)是神经外科重症AKI发生的独立危险因素(P均0.05)。AKI患者的住院时间、肾脏替代治疗比例、ICU病死率、院内病死率、90 d病死率明显高于非AKI者(P均0.05)。结论再次手术、入ICU血清胱抑素C水平、入ICU GCS评分≤8分、入ICU血清肌酐106μmol/L、术中输血≥400 m L是神经外科重症AKI发生的独立危险因素。     

新疆石河子大学医学院第一附属医院ICU住院患者急性肾损伤患病现况调查及预后分析

目的：探讨ICU住院患者急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）患病情况及预后情况,并对预后相关的危险因素进行分析。 方法：收集新疆石河子大学医学院第一附属医院2015年1月至2015年12月在ICU住院治疗患者资料,对于发生AKI的患者组成队列研究,回顾性分析ICU住院患者AKI的发生率、病因、病死率等流行病学情况,并采用Logistic回归分析预后的危险因素。结果：2015年1月至2015年12月ICU住院患者共655例,其中109例发生AKI,发病率为16.6%,男性患者87,女性患者22例,男女比例（3.95:1）。发生AKI起第7天观察时,63例存活,46例死亡,病死率42.2%;出院作为观察结局时,死亡患者54例,存活患者55例,病死率49.54%。发生AKI患者以住院期间最后一次肌酐检测值作为肾功预后判断指标,17.4%的患者肾功完全恢复,39.4%的患者肾功部分恢复,37.6%的患者肾功未恢复。多因素Logistics回归分析低血压（OR=6.338）、昏迷（OR=4.417）、APACHE-II评分（OR=1.453）是患者死亡预后的独立危险因素。肾脏预后相关的因素包括年龄、贫血、使用抗生素、出血。结论：AKI是ICU住院患者中越来越普遍并且或将成为灾难性的并发症。一旦发生AKI,患者病死率高、肾脏功能不易完全恢复。昏迷、低血压、APACHE-II评分是患者死亡的独立危险因素;年龄、贫血、使用抗生素、出血是患者肾脏功能预后的相关因素。     

肝硬化并发门静脉血栓患者临床特征及其危险因素分析

目的 总结肝硬化并发门静脉血栓(PVT)患者的临床特征并分析PVT形成的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2015年2月～2019年2月我院肝胆包虫科治疗的160例肝硬化患者,分析比较PVT组与未发生PVT组患者临床资料的差异,采用多因素分析发生PVT的危险因素。结果 80例PVT患者腹痛、腹水和消化道出血发生率、血小板(PLT)和白细胞(WBC)计数显著高于80例未发生PVT组(P<0.05);经多因素分析,发现PLT计数、糖尿病史和脾切除史为肝硬化并发门静脉血栓形成的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论 肝硬化并发PVT患者以HGB、PLT、WBC为主要实验室表现,以腹水、下消化道出血、肝功异常为主要临床症状。PLT、糖尿病史和脾切除史为肝硬化并发门静脉血栓的独立危险因素。     

Evaluation of the criteria of hepatorenal syndrome type of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis admitted to ICU

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and devastating complication in patients with cirrhosis. In 2015, the International Club of Ascites (ICA) proposed the definition of hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) type of AKI (HRS-AKI) in patients with cirrhosis. This study aims to evaluate the criteria of HRS-AKI in patients with cirrhosis admitted to ICU with regard to the prognosis.

Methods: A total of 349 cirrhotic patients consecutively admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) from 2010 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic parameters and clinical variables were collected with case report forms. The occurrence of AKI was determined according to ICA-AKI criteria. The phenotypes of AKI comprised pre-renal azotemia (PRA), acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and HRS. In our study, patients with PRA or ATN were classified to the non-HRS-AKI group.

Results: The incidence of AKI was 73.0%, comprising PRA (18.6%), ATN (16.3%) and HRS (38.1%). The overall hospital mortality was 64.5%. Patients with AKI had a significantly higher in-hospital (76.1%) and 180-d (86.7%) mortality. AKI type was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality by a multivariate logistic regression. The in-hospital and 180-d mortality rates were of no significant difference among patients with HRS-AKI stages 1–3.

Conclusions: AKI is common in patients with cirrhosis admitted to ICU, associated with significant in-hospital mortality. HRS-AKI was the most common and severe type of AKI in patients with cirrhosis admitted to ICU. The current staging system may not be applicable for HRS-AKI in patients with cirrhosis admitted to ICU.     

RNA-Seq identifies condition-specific biological signatures of ischemia-reperfusion injury in the human kidney

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening complication of rhabdomyolysis (RM). The aim of the present study was to assess patients at high risk for the occurrence of severe AKI defined as stage II or III of KDIGO classification and in-hospital mortality of AKI following RM. We performed a retrospective study of patients with creatine kinase levels > 1000 U/L, who were admitted to the West China Hospital of Sichuan University between January 2011 and March 2019. The sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data of these patients were obtained from an electronic medical records database, and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were subsequently conducted. For the 329 patients included in our study, the incidence of AKI was 61.4% and the proportion of stage I, stage II, stage III were 18.8, 14.9 and 66.3%, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 19.8%; furthermore, patients with AKI tended to have higher mortality rates than those without AKI (24.8% vs. 11.8%; P < 0.01). The clinical conditions most frequently associated with RM were trauma (28.3%), sepsis (14.6%), bee sting (12.8%), thoracic and abdominal surgery (11.2%) and exercise (7.0%). Furthermore, patients with RM resulting from sepsis, bee sting and acute alcoholism were more susceptible to severe AKI. The risk factors for the occurrence of stage II-III AKI among RM patients included hypertension (OR = 2.702), high levels of white blood cell count (OR = 1.054), increased triglycerides (OR = 1.260), low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 0.318), elevated serum phosphorus (OR = 5.727), 500010,000 U/L (OR = 8.093). Age ≥ 60 years (OR = 2.946), sepsis (OR = 3.206) and elevated prothrombin time (OR = 1.079) were independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality in RM patients with AKI. AKI is independently associated with mortality in patients with RM, and several risk factors were found to be associated with the occurrence of severe AKI and in-hospital mortality. These findings suggest that, to improve the quality of medical care, the early prevention of AKI should focus on high-risk patients and more effective management.     

Neutrophil,lymphocyte and platelet ratio as a predictor of mortality in septic-acute kidney injury patients

BackgroundAKI is frequent in critically ill patients, in whom the leading cause of AKI is sepsis. The role of intrarenal and systemic inflammation appears to be significant in the pathophysiology of septic-AKI. The neutrophils to lymphocytes and platelets (N/LP) ratio is an indirect marker of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic ability of N/LP ratio at admission in septic-AKI patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 399 septic-AKI patients admitted to the Division of Intensive Medicine of the Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte between January 2008 and December 2014. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classification was used to define AKI. N/LP ratio was calculated as: (Neutrophil count × 100)/(Lymphocyte count × Platelet count).ResultsFifty-two percent of patients were KDIGO stage 3, 25.8% KDIGO stage 2 and 22.3% KDIGO stage 1. A higher N/LP ratio was an independent predictor of increased risk of in-hospital mortality in septic-AKI patients regardless of KDIGO stage (31.59 ± 126.8 vs 13.66 ± 22.64, p = 0.028; unadjusted OR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00–1.02), p = 0.027; adjusted OR 1.01 (95% CI 1.00–1.02), p = 0.015). The AUC for mortality prediction in septic-AKI was of 0.565 (95% CI (0.515–0.615), p = 0.034).ConclusionsThe N/LP ratio at ICU admission was independently associated with in-hospital mortality in septic-AKI patients.     

AKI in Hospitalized Children: Comparing the pRIFLE,AKIN, and KDIGO Definitions

Background and objectives

Although several standardized definitions for AKI have been developed, no consensus exists regarding which to use in children. This study applied the Pediatric RIFLE (pRIFLE), AKI Network (AKIN), and Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria to an anonymized cohort of hospitalizations extracted from the electronic medical record to compare AKI incidence and outcomes in intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU pediatric populations.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

Observational, electronic medical record–enabled study of 14,795 hospitalizations at the Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital between 2006 and 2010. AKI and AKI severity stage were defined by the pRIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO definitions according to creatinine change criteria; urine output criteria were not used. The incidences of AKI and each AKI stage were calculated for each classification system. All-cause, in-hospital mortality and total hospital length of stay (LOS) were compared at each subsequent AKI stage by Fisher exact and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests, respectively.

Results

AKI incidences across the cohort according to pRIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO were 51.1%, 37.3%, and 40.3%. Mortality was higher among patients with AKI across all definitions (pRIFLE, 2.3%; AKIN, 2.7%; KDIGO, 2.5%; P<0.001 versus no AKI [0.8%–1.0%]). Within the ICU, pRIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO demonstrated progressively higher mortality at each AKI severity stage; AKI was not associated with mortality outside the ICU by any definition. Both in and outside the ICU, AKI was associated with significantly higher LOS at each AKI severity stage across all three definitions (P<0.001). Definitions resulted in differences in diagnosis and staging of AKI; staging agreement ranged from 76.7% to 92.5%.

Conclusions

Application of the three definitions led to differences in AKI incidence and staging. AKI was associated with greater mortality and LOS in the ICU and greater LOS outside the ICU. All three definitions demonstrated excellent interstage discrimination. While each definition offers advantages, these results underscore the need to adopt a single, universal AKI definition.     

以提高肾脏病整体预后工作组诊断标准分析脓毒症相关急性肾损伤患者的临床特点

  目的 以提高肾脏病整体预后工作组（KDIGO）诊断标准分析重症监护病房（ICU）内脓毒症相关急性肾损伤（AKI）患者的临床特征和预后。方法 应用KDIGO推荐的AKI诊断标准,收集2007年6月—2012年6月江苏省无锡市人民医院ICU收治的符合入选标准的AKI患者资料,回顾性分析脓毒症相关AKI患者的临床特征、预后和影响患者死亡的主要危险因素。结果 在收治的703例AKI患者中,脓毒症相关AKI 395例（56.2%）,脓毒症是发生AKI最主要的原因。脓毒症相关AKI患者中,AKI Ⅰ期146例（37.0%）,Ⅱ期154例（39.0%）,Ⅲ期95例（24.1%）。与非脓毒症相关AKI患者比较,脓毒症相关AKI组急性生理与慢性健康评分Ⅱ（APACHEⅡ）、序贯器官衰竭评分（SOFA）更高(25.1±4.9比20.5±6.4,12.9±2.6比10.4±4.5;P值均<0.05)。两组基础血肌酐值差异无统计学意义［(82.9±22.2)μmol/L比(83.1±30.0)μmol/L,P>0.05］,但ICU期间脓毒症相关AKI组血肌酐更高［(143.5±21.6)μmol/L比(96.2±15.5) μmol/L,P<0.05］,进展为AKI Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期的比例更高（63.0%比33.1%,P<0.05）,接受肾脏替代治疗的比例更高（22.3%比6.2%,P<0.05）,而肾功能完全恢复的患者比例更少(74.4%比82.8%,P值均<0.05)。脓毒症相关AKI患者90 d病死率高于非脓毒症相关AKI患者(52.2%比34.1%,P<0.05)。随着KDIGO分期的增加,脓毒症相关AKI患者病死率增加。Logistic回归分析显示APACHEⅡ(OR=5.451,95%CI：3.095~9.416)、SOFA(OR=2.166,95%CI：1.964~4.515)和肾脏替代治疗(OR=4.021,95%CI：2.975~6.324)均是脓毒症相关AKI患者死亡的独立危险因素。结论 脓毒症相关AKI 患者全身疾病严重程度高、肾功能差、病死率高。APACHEⅡ、SOFA和肾脏替代治疗是脓毒症相关AKI患者死亡的独立危险因素。        

Outcomes of septic cirrhosis patients admitted to the intensive care unit: A retrospective cohort study

The aim of this study is to examine the outcome of septic patients with cirrhosis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and predictors of mortality.Single center, retrospective cohort study.The study was conducted in Intensive care Department of King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Data was extracted from a prospectively collected ICU database managed by a full time data collector. All patients with an admission diagnosis of sepsis according to the sepsis-3 definition were included from 2002 to 2017. Patients were categorized into 2 groups based on the presence or absence of cirrhosis.The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included ICU mortality, ICU and hospital lengths of stay and mechanical ventilation duration.A total of 7906 patients were admitted to the ICU with sepsis during the study period, of whom 497 (6.29%) patients had cirrhosis. 64.78% of cirrhotic patients died during their hospital stay compared to 31.54% of non-cirrhotic. On multivariate analysis, cirrhosis patients were at greater odds of dying within their hospital stay as compared to non-cirrhosis patients (Odds ratio {OR} 2.53; 95% confidence interval {CI} 2.04 – 3.15) independent of co-morbidities, organ dysfunction or hemodynamic status. Among cirrhosis patients, elevated international normalization ratio (INR) (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.29-2.23), hemodialysis (OR 3.09; 95% CI 1.76-5.42) and mechanical ventilation (OR 2.61; 95% CI 1.60–4.28) were the independent predictors of mortality.Septic cirrhosis patients admitted to the intensive care unit have greater odds of dying during their hospital stay. Among septic cirrhosis patients, elevated INR and the need for hemodialysis and mechanical ventilation were associated with increased mortality.     

Statin therapy may protect against acute kidney injury in patients hospitalized for interstitial SARS-CoV2 pneumonia

Background and aimsCOVID-19-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) represents an independent risk factor for all-cause in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19. Chronic statin therapy use is highly prevalent in individuals at risk for severe COVID-19. Our aim is to assess whether patients under treatment with statins have a lower risk of AKI and in-hospital mortality during hospitalization for interstitial SARS-CoV2 pneumonia.Methods and resultsOur study is a prospective observational study on 269 consecutive patients admitted for COVID-19 pneumonia at the Internal Medicine Unit of IRCCS Sant'Orsola Hospital in Bologna, Italy. We compared the clinical characteristics between patients receiving statin therapy (n = 65) and patients not treated with statins and we assessed if chronic statin use was associated with a reduced risk for AKI, all-cause mortality, admission to ICU, and disease severity. Statin use was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of developing AKI (OR 0.47, IC 0.23 to 0.95, p 0.036) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Additionally, statin use was associated with reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (p 0.048) at hospital admission. No significant impact in risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.98, IC 0.71 to 5.50, p 0.191) and ICU admission (HR 0.93, IC 0.52 to 1.65, p 0.801) was observed with statin use, after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, and CKD.ConclusionThe present study shows a potential beneficial effect of statins in COVID-19-associated AKI. Furthermore, patients treated with statins before hospital admission for COVID-19 may have lower systemic inflammation levels.     

Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in patients with stroke: a retrospective analysis from the neurology ICU

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is proven to be an independent risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in patients with stroke, but data about the epidemiology of AKI in these patients are not well characterized. Therefore, we investigated the incidence, risk factors, and the impact of AKI on the clinical outcomes in a group of Chinese patients with stroke. We retrospectively recruited 647 stroke patients from the neurology ICU between 2012 and 2013. AKI was identified according to the 2012 KDIGO criteria. Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated using modified Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation for Chinese patients. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was assessed for the stroke severity. A total of 135 (20.9%) patients developed AKI. Patients with AKI stages from 1 to 3 were 84 (62.2%), 26 (19.3%), and 25 (18.5%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors for AKI were higher NIHSS score (OR, 1.027; 95% CI 1.003–1.051), lower baseline eGFR (OR, 0.985; 95% CI 0.977–0.993), the presence of hypertension (OR, 1.592; 95% CI 1.003–2.529), and infectious complications (OR, 3.387; 95% CI 1.997–5.803) (P < 0.05 for all). AKI patients were also significantly associated with all-cause mortality in the neurology ICU [OR and 95% CI of AKI-stage 1, AKI-stage 2, and AKI-stage 3 were 4.961 (2.191–11.232), 19.722 (6.354–61.217), and 48.625 (17.616–134.222), respectively (P < 0.001 for all)]. AKI is common among patients with stroke and is associated with worse clinical outcomes after stroke. Prevention of AKI seems to be very important among these patients, because they are exposed to many risk factors for developing AKI.     

Acute kidney injury in an infectious disease intensive care unit - an assessment of prognostic factors

BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in many infectious diseases. There are few studies to investigate risk factors for death in infectious diseases-associated AKI. METHODS: This is a retrospective study including all patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) admitted to an infectious diseases intensive care unit (ICU) in Brazil between October 2003 and September 2006. RESULTS: A total of 722 patients were admitted to the infectious disease ICU in the study period. AKI occurred in 147 cases (17.7%). The mean age was 45 +/- 5.6 years, and 77% were male. The mean length of hospital stay was 11.5 +/- 10.3 days. The main causes of ICU hospitalization were acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related diseases (28 .6%), pneumonia 13%), leptospirosis (11.6%), meningitis (8.2%), disseminated histoplasmosis (6.8%) and tetanus (5.4%). The main cause of AKI was sepsis (41.5%). Patients were classified according to RIFLE as "Risk" (5.6%), "Injury" (21.7%) and "Failure" (72.7%). Patients in "Failure" showed a higher mortality (p = 0.007). Multivariate analysis showed that dependent risk factors for death were oliguria (OR = 5.59, P = 0.002), metabolic acidosis (OR = 5.13, P = 0.01), sepsis (OR = 4.79, P = 0.001), hypovolaemia (OR = 4.11, P = 0.01), use of vasoactive drugs (OR = 3.34, P = 0.02), use of mechanical ventilation (OR = 2.94, P = 0.03) and high APACHE II score (OR = 1.14, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: There are important risk factors for death among critically ill patients with infectious diseases associated with AKI.     

A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发急性肾损伤患者的预后及危险因素

目的 探讨A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发急性肾损伤（AKI）患者的预后及危险因素。 方法 回顾性筛选西京医院2015年1月~2018年12月行A型主动脉夹层手术治疗的患者,术后同时发生严重高胆红素血症和AKI的患者被纳入研究。研究终点包括住院死亡和长期死亡。采用单因素和多因素分析住院死亡相关的危险因素,使用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线来评估患者的长期生存率以及AKI的不同分期对长期生存的影响。 结果 221例患者被纳入研究,50例患者接受持续性肾脏替代治疗（CRRT）,82例患者住院死亡。1年、2年和3年累积病死率分别是39.0%、40.2%和41.1%。多因素Logistic 回归分析显示,A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发AKI患者死亡的独立危险因素为:术后第1天平均动脉压（OR0.967,95%CI 0.935-1.000;P<0.01）、术后机械通气时长（OR 1.189,95%CI 1.003-1.410;P<0.05）、术后总输血量（OR 1.019,95%CI 1.003-1.036;P<0.05）以及AKI 3期（OR 12.639,95%CI5.409-34.388;P<0.01）。 结论 A型主动脉夹层术后严重高胆红素血症并发AKI患者的住院病死率以及长期病死率较高。AKI 3期,术后较低的平均动脉压,延长的术后机械通气以及增加的术后输血量是患者住院死亡的危险因素。因此,临床医生应该更密切地监测具有这些高风险的患者。