三氧化二砷对肝细胞肝癌抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

近年来，砷剂（主要成分三氧化二砷，As2O3）治疗白血病取得明显疗效，并已证实砷剂可通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡达到治疗的目的。有报道砷剂可诱导人肝癌细胞株凋亡，抑制肝癌细胞增殖。为进一步研究其搞肿瘤效应及其机制，以期为临床上使用As2O3治疗肝细胞肝癌的可行性提供理论依据，我们的研究设计用As2O3治疗实验性肝癌大鼠，研究As2O3及复方苦参对体内肝癌的治疗作用及其作用机制。     

细胞调亡与肝细胞肝癌

细胞凋亡是细胞自然衰老、死亡的一种形式，其退化或受抑参与包括肝细胞肝癌在的各种恶性肿瘤的发生与发展过程，许多因素调控和影响着肝癌的细胞凋亡。     

PNPLA3基因多态性与酒精性肝病发生的关系

目的探讨PNPLA3基因位点rs738409多态性与酒精性肝病(ALD)发生的关系。方法选取2016年1月至2018年2月在我院治疗的ALD患者140例(ALD组),同时选取嗜酒者但未诊断ALD志愿者100例(嗜酒组)和不饮酒健康志愿者100例(对照组),采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性分析PNPLA3基因多态性,同时检测血清因子。结果对照组、嗜酒组和ALD组性别、年龄等一般特征比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);ALD组基因型GG型和等位基因G的比例为18.57%和39.29%,明显高于对照组和嗜酒组(P0.05);GG型患者前胶原Ⅲ(PCⅢ)和胶原蛋白(ⅣC)水平为(210.02±81.16)μg/L和(220.01±90.00)μg/L,明显高于CC型和CG型(P0.05);各基因患者AST、ALT和GGT比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PNPLA3基因多态性与ALD发生有一定关系,rs738409位点G可能与ALD个体遗传易感性和肝纤维化有关,值得进一步研究。     

WNT1诱导信号通路蛋白2对肝细胞脂质代谢的影响及其作用机制

目的探讨不同浓度人重组WNT1诱导信号通路蛋白2(WISP2)对人肝癌细胞(HepG2)脂质代谢的影响及相关作用机制。方法分别用不同浓度(0、0.4、1和2 μg/L)人重组WISP2作用于HepG2细胞48 h, Cell-Titer发光法测定细胞活力, 酶法检测各组HepG2细胞内三酰甘油(TG)及总胆固醇(TC)含量, 同时应用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-qPCR)及免疫印迹法(western blot)检测HepG2细胞内脂质合成、分解、转运相关基因mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果与对照组比较, 各浓度人重组WISP2处理组均未降低HepG2细胞的活性;人重组WISP2处理上调HepG2细胞TG、TC含量, 0.4、1、2 μg/L人重组WISP2处理组TG的含量分别为未处理组的1.254±0.039、1.216±0.028、1.174±0.014倍(F=6.791, P=0.006), TC含量分别为未处理组的1.264±0.057、1.394±0.101、1.392±0.077倍(F=7.045, P=0.005)。进一步研究发现, 与对照组比较, 加入人重组WISP2明...     

刺五加皂甙对肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究刺五加皂甙(ASS)对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的诱导作用。方法体外培养人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞，用浓度0.25、0．5、1．0mg／ml的刺五加皂甙作用细胞，于12、24、48h后，用苏木素-伊红(HE)染色法及电镜技术观察凋亡细胞的形态，用琼脂糖电泳显示DNA凋亡梯带。结果ASS不促进肝癌细胞的调亡，且随着剂量和时间的增加诱发凋亡程度增高。结论ASS抑制肝癌SMMC-7721细胞增殖，诱导细胞凋亡，对指导临床药物治疗肝癌具有重要的意义。     

Decorin对肝星状细胞和肝细胞周期的影响

目的探讨decorin对肝星状细胞(HSC-T6)和肝细胞(L-02)生长抑制的作用机制.方法细胞培养,经dccorin处理后用流式细胞仪分析细胞周期的变化.结果Decorin使细胞周期发生明显改变.G1期细胞百分率明显增加,S期细胞百分率降低G2期细胞百分率减少甚至缺失(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论Decorin对肝星状细胞(HSC-T6)和肝细胞(L-02)有细胞周期阻滞作用,通过细胞周期阻抑可以抑制细胞生长.     

胰淀素对脂肪变性人L-02肝细胞甘油三酯代谢的影响

目的 研究胰淀素对脂肪变性人L-02肝细胞甘油三酯代谢的影响及其可能机制.方法 以人L-02肝细胞为实验对象,用含50％胎牛血清的高糖改良杜氏伊格尔培养基（DMEM）孵育肝细胞72 h,制备肝细胞脂肪变性模型.实验分为正常肝细胞组（A组）、脂肪变性肝细胞组（B组）、不同浓度胰淀素孵育脂肪变性肝细胞组：0.01 μmol/L（C组）、0.1μmol/L（D组）,1μmol/L（E组）和5μmol/L（F组）,胰淀素孵育时间为24 h.油红O染色观察每组肝细胞的形态和肝细胞内脂滴情况,甘油三酯定量检测试剂盒检测每组肝细胞内甘油三酯的含量,逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测每组肝细胞内脂肪酸合成酶（FAS） mRNA和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶（ACC） mRNA的表达情况.进行正态性和方差齐性检验后,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析.结果 用含50％胎牛血清的高糖DMEM培养基孵育肝细胞72 h后,肝细胞胞浆内充满大量红色脂滴,细胞内甘油三酯含量显著升高,说明肝细胞发生脂肪变性.A组甘油三酯含量为（415±52） mg/g蛋白,B组为（1129±96） mg/g蛋白（t=874,P＜0.05）；C、D、E、F组肝细胞内红色脂滴数量减少,甘油三酯含量分别为（898±77）、（740±83）、（515 ±30）、（628±48） mg/g蛋白（F =48.0,P＜0.05）.RT-PCR结果显示肝细胞脂肪变性后细胞内FAS mRNA和ACC mRNA表达增加,分别是A组的（1.35 ±0.03）、（1.51 ±0.04）倍,差异具有统计学意义（t=47.2、62.9,P ＜0.05）.不同浓度胰淀素处理后各组肝细胞内FAS mRNA和ACC mRNA表达有不同程度的下降.C、D、E、F组FAS mRNA的表达量分别是B组的（0.89 ±0.02）、（0.61 ±0.06）、（0.53 ±0.04）和（1.27±0.01）倍,与B组相比差异均具有统计学意义（t =16.2、58.7、70.4、41.2,均P＜0.05）.当胰淀素浓度为5μmol/L时,FASmRNA表达水平较B组升高.C、D、E、F组ACC mRNA的表达量分别是B组的（0.74±0.02）、（0.66 ±0.01）、（0.49 ±0.02）和（1.46±0.05）倍,与B组相比差异均具有统计学意义（t=30.6、40.6、61.1、57.3,均P＜0.05）.当胰淀素浓度为5μmol/L时,ACC mRNA的表达水平较B组升高.结论 胰淀素孵育脂肪变性肝细胞后肝细胞内甘油三酯含量下降,脂肪变性程度减轻,可能与肝细胞内FASmRNA和ACC mRNA表达水平变化有关.     

肝细胞对星状细胞凋亡的影响和复方861的干预作用

目的：研究肝细胞对星状细胞凋亡和影响中药复方861的干预作用。方法：体外采用分离培养的正常大鼠原代肝细胞和星状细胞系,将培养的肝细胞和复方861作用于不同的培养基再作用于星状细胞,用电镜观察和流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。临床研究对象是用复方861治疗6个月行治疗前后肝穿的慢性乙型肝炎病人。结果：原代培养的正常肝血细胞促进了星状细胞的凋亡（P＜0．05）。复方861可以增加这种促凋亡作用（P＜0．05）。临床研究显示慢性乙型肝炎患者肝星状细胞大量活化增生,用复方861治疗6个月后有肝细胞再生,同时活化的星状细胞数量显著减少,可观察到其凋亡。结论：正常肝细胞可以促进星状细胞凋亡,复方861对星状细胞有直接和间接的促凋亡作用。     

PNPLA3基因慢病毒载体及其过表达Huh-7细胞系的构建

非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)正在成为我国一个新的公共健康问题[1].PNPLA3 (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3)基因I148M多态性与NAFLD密切相关,且此多态性参与了NAFLD的疾病进展[2-3].但是,其在NAFLD发病中的具体生物机制目前尚不明确.本实验利用基因重组技术,成功构建了携带PNPLA3基因野生型和I148M突变型的慢病毒载体,并感染人肝癌细胞株Huh-7细胞,建立了稳定过表达目的基因的细胞系,为深入研究PNPLA3基因的生物学功能提供了理想的细胞模型.     

PNPLA3 rs738409C/G polymorphism in cirrhosis: relationship with the aetiology of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence

Background and aim: The PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G polymorphism has been found to be strongly associated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and with alcoholic liver disease. Whether the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism could be a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhosis patients is unknown. Methods: This study included 483 (344 males) consecutive Italian patients of Caucasian ethnicity affected by cirrhosis, of whom 279 had undergone transplantation for end‐stage liver disease while 204 had been referred to our liver and transplant unit for the diagnosis of cirrhosis. The aetiologies were hepatitis C virus=209, hepatitis B virus=76, alcohol=166, metabolic=32. Ile148Met rs738409 transversion was genotyped using an restriction fragment length polymorphism‐based assay. Results: The genotype frequencies of the rs738409 polymorphism were distributed differently in patients with cirrhosis C/C=168, C/G=220, G/G=95 vs controls C/C=218, C/G=175, G/G=35 (P<0.0001). Among cirrhotics, the G allele was over‐represented in alcoholic/metabolic (0.505) vs viral (0.368, P<0.001) liver disease. Patients with cirrhosis complicated by HCC were more likely to be G/G homozygotes (38/141) than the remaining patients (57/342, P<0.02). At multivariate analysis, the PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism was confirmed to be an independent predictor of HCC occurrence (odds ratio 1.76, 95% confidence interval 1.06–2.92, P<0.05). HCC rates increased from 13/116 (11.2%; female C/^* carriers), to 97/295 (32.9%; male C/^*carriers and female G/G homozygotes), to 31/72 (43.1%; male G/G homozygotes) (P<0.0001). Conclusions: The PNPLA3 rs738409 C>G polymorphism is associated with cirrhosis. In synergy with gender, this polymorphism is a strong predictor of HCC occurrence among patients with cirrhosis.     

Association between PNPLA3 gene polymorphisms and risk of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma in Han population in China:a case-control study

Background and aim: Several recent studies showed that the genetic polymorphisms in the PNPLA3 region (rs738408, rs738409, rs2294918, rs2294919 and rs2281135) were with related to various kinds of liver diseases. We analyzed the five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for major HBV outcomes in Han Chinese.

Methods: A total of 2410 samples were involved and peripheral blood samples were collected in this study. The SNPs in the PNPLA3 region were genotyped by using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry.

Results: Our study indicated the clear relationship between the PNPLA3 rs2294918, rs2294919 and HBV-related HCC after control for the effects of sex, drinking and smoking. Health subjects with the PNPLA3 rs2294919?TC genotype would have a 0.605 (95% CI: 0.413, 0.886; p?=?.010) times lower odds of having HCC, and those with the rs2294918 AG genotype would have a 1.872 (95% CI: 1.256, 2.792; p?=?.002) times higher odds of having HCC, whereas the values of sex, age, drinking and smoking were fixed. In addition, CA haplotype of the haplotype block of rs738409 and rs2281135 was also associated with HBV-related HCC.

Conclusions: Our study suggested that PNPLA3 loci (rs2294918, rs2294919) were associated with HBV-related HCC in Han Chinese.     

JAZF1基因抑制对3T3-L1脂肪细胞糖、脂代谢的影响

目的 探讨JAZF1基因抑制对3T3-L1脂肪细胞糖、脂代谢相关基因的影响.方法 构建JAZF1小发夹RNA (shRNA)表达载体并转染3T3-L1细胞,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-QPCR)和蛋白印迹法检测JAZF1 mRNA和蛋白水平的表达;氢三放射示踪法检测3T3-L1细胞糖摄取率;蛋白印记法检测糖、脂代谢相关基因蛋白水平;油红O染色检测脂肪细胞甘油三酯(TG)含量变化.结果 成功构建JAZF1-shRNA;转染脂肪细胞48 h后,JAZF1 mRNA和蛋白水平明显低于对照组(P＜0.05);氢3放射性示踪法显示转染组葡萄糖摄取率明显降低(P＜0.05);PPAR-γ蛋白表达升高(P＜0.05),激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)、内脏脂肪素(Visfatin)、胰岛素诱导基囚-2 (Insig-2)蛋白表达降低(均P＜0.05);油红O染色显示JAZF1转染组细胞内脂质积聚明显,比对照组升高约25％(P＜0.05).结论 JAZF1基因抑制可减少基础糖转运,增加脂质与胆固醇合成,减少脂质分解并减少相关脂肪细胞因子的表达.     

PNPLA3 as a liver steatosis risk factor following living‐donor liver transplantation for hepatitis C

Aim

Liver steatosis frequently occurs following liver transplantation (LT) and can affect patient outcome. Here, we aimed to clarify the steatosis and steatohepatitis risk factors that apply after living‐donor LT for chronic hepatitis C.

Methods

We retrospectively examined 43 transplant recipients and donors, and tested for single nucleotide polymorphisms in the PNPLA3 gene. Liver biopsies taken 1 year after transplantation and yearly thereafter, or when abnormal liver enzyme levels were detected, were examined by histopathology.

Results

Liver steatosis (>5% steatotic hepatocytes) was evident in 13 of 43 cases (30%), and steatohepatitis in 3 (7.0%). The average time to steatosis after LT was 2.74 ± 1.55 years. The PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype, a steatosis risk factor, was identified in 13 recipients and 10 donors. Steatosis prevalence did not differ according to recipient genotype. However, this condition was significantly more common among patients who received tissue from donors carrying the rs738409 GG genotype compared to those with grafts from donors of the CC or CG genotype (60, 7, and 26%, respectively; P < 0.05). All 3 steatohepatitis cases were associated with the GG donor genotype.

Conclusion

The PNPLA3 rs738409 GG donor genotype affects liver steatosis and steatohepatitis risk following living‐donor LT.     

PNPLA3 polymorphism increases risk for and severity of chronic hepatitis C liver disease

AIM To examine the association of PNPLA3 polymorphisms in chronic hepatitis C patients and development of liver disease spectrum. METHODS Literature was searched systematically from Pub Med/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane search engines for full-length articles written in English that examined PNPLA3 polymorphism in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients. Studies evaluating the association of PNPLA3 polymorphism spectrum(fatty liver, steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma) of CHC were included. Pooled data are reported as OR with 95%CI. Our study endpoint was the risk of the entire liver disease spectrum including: Steatosis/fatty liver, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma in CHC patients with PNPLA3 polymorphisms.RESULTS Of 380 studies identified, a total of 53 studies were included for full-text review. Nineteen on chronic he-patitis C were eligible for analysis. Pooled ORs for rs738409 GG compared to CC and CG among patients with fatty liver was 2.214(95%CI: 1.719-2.853). ORs among advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis were 1.762(95%CI: 1.258-2.468). Similar odds ratios among hepatocellular carcinoma patients were 2.002(95%CI: 1.519-2.639). Pooled ORs for rs738409 GG and CG compared to CC among patients with fatty liver were 1.750(95%CI: 1.542-1.986). Pooled ORs for advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis patients were 1.613(95%CI: 1.211-2.147). All analyses were homogenous and without publication bias except one. The associations were maintained after adjusting for publication bias and heterogeneity. CONCLUSION PNPLA3 polymorphisms have strong association with increased risk and severity of the liver disease spectrum in CHC patients.     

骨髓间充质干细胞向肝细胞分化的研究

骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)是一类具有自我增殖和分化潜能的细胞.在特定条件诱导下可向多系细胞分化.近年来,MSC向肝系细胞分化的研究越来越受到人们的关注.一系列实验证明MSC在一定条件下可向肝细胞分化.其向肝细胞分化的机理以及诱导分化条件的优化还在进一步研究之中.     

IL-6/STAT3 axis dictates the PNPLA3-mediated susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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