聚焦超声治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变900例临床疗效分析

目的 探讨聚焦超声治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变的临床疗效,评价聚焦超声治疗的有效性、安全性及可行性。方法 对2003年6月至2005年8月,采用聚焦超声治疗的941例外阴上皮内非瘤样病变患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中鳞状上皮增生型498例（占52．9％）,硬化性苔癣型342例（占36．4％）,硬化性苔癣伴增生（混合）型101例（占10．7％）。患者年龄18～70岁,平均年龄40．8岁。平均病程为6．2年（3个月～45年）,于治疗后6、12个月评价其疗效（分为治愈、有效、无效,以治愈及有效例数计算有效率）。结果 941例患者中900例患者随访资料完整,治疗后6个月,临床治愈434例（占48．2％）,有效420例（占46．7％）,无效46例（占5．1％）,治疗后6个月的有效率为94．9％。治疗后12个月的有效率为83．7％。治疗后12个月有101例患者再次出现明显的外阴瘙痒症状（占11．2％）,再次给予聚焦超声治疗,其中90例达到临床有效。900例患者中,无一例出现阴道周围组织（尿道或直肠）损伤等并发症,但有50例患者（5．6％）在治疗中及1周后出现皮肤水泡及局部浅表溃疡,经对症治疗后全部愈合。结论 聚焦超声是当前治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变行之有效的新方法,值得在临床上进一步推广应用。     

臭氧水治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变78例临床效果分析

目的:探讨臭氧水治疗外阴上皮内非瘤样病变(NEDV)的临床疗效.方法:对门诊收治的NEDV患者78例(其中鳞状上皮增生36例、硬化性苔癣28例和硬化性苔癣合并鳞状上皮增生14例)应用臭氧水治疗.回顾性分析治疗后患者的临床疗效及随访情况.结果:NEDV 3种病理类型患者外阴瘙痒、皮肤黏膜色素改变及皮肤弹性评分治疗后比治疗前低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后外阴白变区面积缩小总有效率为87.2％ (68/78),其中鳞状上皮增生、硬化性苔藓及硬化性苔癣合并鳞状上皮增生有效率分别为94.4％、85.7％、71.4％.治疗NEDV总有效率为85.9％,复发率为7.5％.结论:臭氧水为临床治疗NEDV提供一种有效、无损伤的新方法、新选择.     

聚焦超声波治疗女性外阴炎性疾病的疗效

目的探讨高强度聚焦超声治疗（HIFU）女性外阴炎性疾病（单纯外阴瘙痒症和外阴上皮内非瘤样病变）的疗效。方法应用高强度超声治疗仪对142例单纯外阴瘙痒症、267例不同病理类型外阴上皮内非瘤样病变（141例硬化苔藓和126例鳞状上皮细胞增生）,规范了对不同疾病的治疗方法以及疗效判别标准。结果本方法对单纯外阴瘙痒症组两次治疗后总有效率为90.4%;对外阴上皮内非瘤样病变4次治疗后,病变区皮肤面积由（14.26±4.79）cm2减少至（3.83±2.04）cm2,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,其中对硬化苔藓型明显有效率为94.8%,对鳞状上皮细胞增生型患者明显有效率为92.0%。结论本组显示HIFU可使瘙痒症状显著减轻,外阴白色病变面积逐渐减少,并具有简便、无痛和安全无创等优点。     

外阴上皮内非瘤样病变患者病变组织中性激素受体的检测及意义

目的:研究外阴上皮内非瘤样病变与性激素受体(SHR)的关系.方法:采用直接荧光法,测定22例外阴上皮内非瘤样病变患者病变组织的SHR,并对其中10例进行外阴未发病组织SHR对照检测.22例中鳞状上皮增生12例,硬化性苔癣6例,硬化性苔癣合并鳞状上皮增生4例.结果:①患者病变组织及未发病组织表皮各层及真皮层内均有不同程度的雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、雄激素受体(AR)阳性率;②外阴病变组织及未发病组织表皮各层间ER、AR阳性率的差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),均以基底层受体阳性率最低.结论:客观说明外阴是性激素的靶器官之一,为临床应用丙酸睾丸酮能缓解硬化性苔癣患者临床症状提供了理论依据.基底层SHR缺少,推测这是应用性激素不能完全治愈本病的主要原因所在.     

外阴上皮非瘤样病变红外光治疗89例分析

目的:研究红外光治疗外阴上皮非瘤样病变的近远期临床效果。方法:对我院采用红外光治疗的89例外阴上皮非瘤样病变患者临床资料进行回顾性研究,随访成功82例,按型别分为3组:鳞状上皮增生型组25例,硬化性苔藓型组43例,混合型组14例。评估红外光治疗不同类型外阴上皮非瘤样病变的疗效及复发情况。结果:82例患者近期(治疗后1个月)总有效75例,总有效率为91. 5%; 3组间近期治疗有效率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0. 002,P=0. 999);远期(治疗2年内)总有效65例,总有效率为79. 3%; 3组间远期治疗有效率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0. 164,P=0. 921)。总复发率12. 2%,仅1例发生不良反应。结论:红外光治疗各型外阴上皮非瘤样病变患者的近远期临床效果显著,复发率低,治疗安全。     

外阴癌前病变

外阴癌前病变香港中文大学医学院妇产科学系王益夫王炜摘译外阴上皮内瘤样病变（ｖｕｌｖａｌｉｎｔｒａｅｐｉｔｈｅｌｉａｌｎｅｏ－ｐｌａｓｉａ，ＶＩＮ）是发生在外阴鳞状上皮内的一种癌前病变。ＶＩＮ这一名称替代了以往用过的多种旧病名，例如外阴非典型增生、原位...     

外阴白色病变的手术治疗

外阴白色病变中以外阴硬化性苔癣最常见 ,多见于绝经后妇女 ,极少发生在青少年和育龄女性 ,该病变以外阴、肛周皮肤萎缩变薄为主要特征 ,外阴鳞状上皮细胞增生则以病因不明的鳞状上皮细胞良性增生为主。混合型白色病变较为少见。外阴白色病变常常引起剧烈的、难以忍受的外阴瘙痒而严重影响患者生活质量 ,其确切病因不明。过去认为 ,本病有较高的恶变率 (10 %～ 15 % ) ,近年的资料显示其恶变率低于 5 % ,甚至有报道其恶变率不足 2 %。以前多主张手术切除 ,但术后复发率高。实践证明对于控制瘙痒、恢复外阴皮肤的正常形态 ,药物治疗即可取得…     

《FIGO2015妇癌报告》解读连载五——外阴癌诊治指南解读

        外阴癌少见,约占所有女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的4%。好发于绝经后妇女,发病率随着年龄的增长而升高。外阴癌虽发生于体表,易于早期发现,但确诊时多为晚期。大多数鳞状细胞癌发生于大阴唇,但也可发生于小阴唇、阴蒂和会阴。
        外阴上皮内瘤变（vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia,VIN）作为一种癌前病变,好发于年轻妇女,可能与宫颈和阴道的类似病变相关。
        2004年,国际外阴阴道疾病研究协会（International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease,ISSVD）介绍了外阴鳞状上皮内瘤变的新分类。VIN1将不再使用,而VIN2及VIN3则统一简称为VIN。现VIN有两种：（1）寻常型VIN（疣状,基底细胞样和混合型）,其中多数病例与人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染相关。（2）分化型VIN,主要见于年长妇女,常与硬化性苔藓和（或）鳞状上皮过度增生相关。随着人群中HPV疫苗的使用日益增多,绝经前女性中寻常型VIN与外阴浸润癌的发生率同时显著下降。     

聚焦超声与子宫颈环形电切术治疗子宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变疗效研究

目的 比较聚焦超声与子宫颈环形电切术（LEEP）治疗子宫颈高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）的转归及高危型人乳头瘤病毒（HR-HPV）清除情况,探讨聚焦超声治疗对子宫颈HSIL的安全性及有效性。方法 收集2020年1月至2022年6月川北医学院附属医院收治的HR-HPV感染且病理活检确诊为子宫颈HSIL患者140例,分为聚焦超声组70例和环形电切组70例,观察术后6、12个月患者子宫颈病变转归及HR-HPV转阴率。结果 聚焦超声组符合纳入条件者67例,其中完成随访者共61例;环形电切组符合纳入条件者共58例,其中完成随访者53例。治疗后6、12个月随访聚焦超声组HR-HPV累积清除率分别为49.2%、72.1%,子宫颈病变治愈率分别为72.7%、77.0%;环形电切组HR-HPV累积清除率分别为50.9%、71.7%,子宫颈病变治愈率分别为75.7%,77.4%。两组HR-HPV清除率及子宫颈病变治愈率差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。聚焦超声组治疗后发生子宫颈粘连、局部组织增生、瘢痕患者分别为0例、2例、0例,环形电切组分别为6例、5例、1例,两组比较差异有统计学意义（Z=-2...     

外阴鳞状上皮内病变诊治要点

外阴鳞状上皮内病变（vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesion，VSIL）是指发生于女性外生殖器皮肤和黏膜的鳞状上皮内的病变。近30年其发病呈明显的上升趋势【1-2】。 2014年第4版WHO女性生殖器官肿瘤分类和2015年国际外阴阴道疾病协会（ISSVD）均将VSIL分为：低级别鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）、高级别鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）和分化型上皮内瘤变(differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia，dVIN)。     

Evaluation of white lesions of vulva treated with focused ultrasound

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and efficacy of focused ultrasound for the treatment of vulvar dystrophy, including squamous hyperplasia (SH) and lichen sclerosus (LS). METHODS: A total of 76 eligible patients with vulvar dystrophy (45 SH and 31 LS) were treated with focused ultrasound between 1999 and 2002. Before and after ultrasound therapy, both ultrasonography and biopsies of the lesions were performed to monitor and evaluate the changes of the lesion being treated. The positive expressions of CD34 (cluster of differentiation of endothelial cells), a marker of the epithelial cells of blood vessels and myelin basic protein (MBP), a marker of the oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells were tested using the streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry method before and after the ultrasound procedure to evaluate the effects of ultrasound treatment. RESULTS: In two years, follow-up, 49 of 76 cases (32 SH and 17 LS) were cured, 23 (11 SH and 12 LS) improved, and 4 (2 SH and 2 LS) persisted. The response rate was 94.7% (72/76). The positive expression of CD34 and MBP significantly increased at the treated region (P < 0.05). Grey-scale ultrasound imaging showed a localized hypoechoic region after the treatment, which recovered to normal appearance within 7 - 10 days. CONCLUSION: Vulvar dystrophy can be treated with focused ultrasound effectively and safely. This approach appears to be a new promising treatment method, although further studies are still needed.     

High-intensity focused ultrasound treatment for non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva

Objective

To assess the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment in patients with non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of the vulva.

Method

We reviewed 41 cases of lichen sclerosus, 38 cases of squamous cell hyperplasia, and 17 mixed cases treated by HIFU from April 2004 to July 2008 at the Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Biopsy specimens were assessed with light microscopy before and after treatment.

Results

Pruritus and signs of vulvar lesions were dramatically improved following HIFU treatment, without severe complications, and 90.23% of the patients were cured or had their symptoms improved 6 months after treatment. On light microscopy, pigmentation and epithelial structures were recovered and dermal lymphocytic infiltration was reduced. The response rates were lower and complication rates higher among lichen sclerosus than among squamous cell hyperplasia cases (P < 0.05 for both).

Conclusion

Treatment with HIFU may be safe and effective in cases of vulvar dystrophy.     

超声消融治疗子宫肌瘤的安全性及有效性

目的 验证超声消融技术用于子宫肌瘤治疗的安全性、有效性.方法 采用前瞻性、非随机临床研究方法,对重庆医科大学附属第一医院和解放军第三○七医院就诊的99例子宫肌瘤患者(117个肌瘤,肌瘤直径≤10 cm)进行超声消融治疗.仪器为重庆海扶(HIFU)技术有限公司研制的JC型聚焦超声肿瘤治疗系统.治疗在镇静、镇痛下进行,实时超声声像图引导超声消融治疗全过程.治疗后随访期为6个月.治疗后1个月内,行增强磁共振成像(MRI)检查,评价靶肌瘤体积消融率.治疗后3、6个月时,行增强MRI检查,评价靶肌瘤体积缩小率及靶肌瘤体积缩小超过50%的肌瘤占所有肌瘤的百分比.根据子宫肌瘤症状量表(UFS)评价有症状患者的症状评分改善10分者所占比例.依照国际介入放射治疗学会(SIR)标准评价治疗相关的不良反应.结果 (1)有效性:治疗后1个月内,靶肌瘤体积消融率平均为(76±24)%;3、6个月时,靶肌瘤平均体积分别缩小了(45±21)%和(59±26)%,与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).治疗后6个月时,靶肌瘤体积缩小≥50%共99个肌瘤,占84.6%(99/117);UFS症状评分改善10分者占92%(66/72).(2)安全性:全部患者治疗后2 h均可以正常活动.SIR标准中重要不良反应(SIR C～D级:延长住院时间,需要重要治疗,护理等级增加)及严重不良反应(SIR E～F级:永久性后遗症或死亡)的发生率均为0;一般不良反应(SIR A～B级:观察或简单治疗,无不良后果)的发生率为35%(35/99),SIR B级不良反应包括2例声通道皮肤浅Ⅱ度烧伤和2例发热,需要对症治疗及换药处理.其余包括臀部和(或)下肢酸胀痛、阴道分泌异常、排尿困难或疼痛等,均无需治疗,为SIR A级.结论 超声消融技术用于治疗子宫肌瘤是安全、有效的,可以单独用于子宫肌瘤的治疗.     

超声治疗外阴白色病变30例临床分析

目的 :探讨超声治疗外阴白色病变的临床疗效。方法 :收治外阴白色病变 6 0例 ,随机分为 :超声治疗组 30例 ,微波治疗对照组 30例。观察其临床症状、体征和组织学变化。结果 :超声治疗组 30例患者的外阴瘙痒症状基本消失 ,患处上皮不同程度地恢复正常 ,显效率达 90 %。不同的病理类型间疗效的比较 ,差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :用超声治疗外阴白色病变效果明显     

Receptor modifications in vulvar dystrophies before and after treatment with topical hormones: comparison between the dextran-charcoal technique and immunohistochemical evaluation

PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: The objective of the study was first to quantify estrogen receptors (ERs) and progesterone receptors (PRs) in dystrophic vulvar tissue before and after topical hormone treatment in an attempt to evaluate whether receptor modifications occurred. Second we compared quantitative analysis with immunohistochemical staining of the vulvar specimens. METHODS: We studied 115 vulvar specimens obtained from 75 consenting women ranging from 21 to 78 years of age. Of the patients, 12 had histologically normal vulvar skin, 45 had vulvar dystrophies that were not treated by topical steroid therapy, 28 patients had vulvar dystrophies that were treated by testosterone propionate (TP) 2%, 12 patients had vulvar dystrophies that were treated by progesterone in hydroalcoholic gel and 18 patients had vulvar malignant tumors. For immunohistochemical analysis we considered 25 cases of vulvar dystrophies: 11 cases of squamous hyperplasia (SH) and 14 cases of lichen sclerosus (LS). Among these 25 cases, 15 (5 SH and 10 LS) were treated with TP 2%. RESULTS: After treatment of the vulvar dystrophies with progesterone, the positivity of ERs decreased (58.3% vs 77.8%). After treatment of the vulvar dystrophies with TP 2%, the positivity of PRs significantly decreased (14.3% vs 68.9%) whereas after treatment with progesterone the positivity of PRs increased (83.3%). The immunohistochemical study showed some differences in comparison to the quantitative study. In fact we found low basal positivity especially for PRs (16% vs 68.9% of the quantitative study). This finding was due to the use of a cutoff of at least ++ in order to increase the specificity. After treatment with TP 2%, we observed an increase of immunohistochemical positivity for ERs even in cases that were negative before treatment and a lack of PRs even in cases that were positive before treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the efficacy of androgen therapy with TP 2% in vulvar dystrophies with increased trophism due to the increase of ERs.     

Focused ultrasound treatment of uterine fibroid tumors: safety and feasibility of a noninvasive thermoablative technique

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of focused ultrasound surgery with magnetic resonance imaging guidance for the noninvasive treatment of uterine leiomyomas. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-five women with clinically significant uterine leiomyomas were treated. Pain and complications were assessed prospectively, and posttreatment magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the treatment effects. Patients in three of the five centers underwent planned hysterectomy after treatment, which provided pathologic correlation of treatment. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent of the enrolled patients completed the full treatment session. All treatments were conducted in an outpatient setting with minimal discomfort for subjects and no major complications. Pathologic examination of the uterus confirmed that magnetic resonance imaging guidance provides the safe and accurate delivery of effective levels of thermal energy with a 3-fold increase in volume of histologically documented necrosis, compared with treatment volume (6.6 +/- 0.8 vs 18.4 +/- 3.9 mL, P <.005). CONCLUSION: Magnetic resonance imaging-guided focused ultrasound surgery appears to be a well-tolerated treatment for uterine leiomyomas.     

超声治疗外阴白色病变的临床和病理评价(附60例报告)

目的 :通过对超声治疗外阴白色病变的临床研究 ,评价其疗效。方法 :治疗对象均为经病理检查证实为外阴白色病变的患者 ,共 80例。随机分为 :超声治疗组 6 0例和光谱治疗对照组 2 0例。治疗期间及治疗后 ,观察病变部位的症状和体征及病理组织结构变化 ,进行疗效评价。结果 :超声治疗后 ,患者的瘙痒症状基本缓解甚至可以完全消失 ,外阴的形态和色泽可基本恢复正常 ,有效率达 95 %。超声治疗前后的病理对比研究发现 :超声治疗后表皮及真皮层组织结构逐渐趋于正常 ,基底层色素细胞沉积。结论 :超声是目前治疗外阴白色病变的一种有效的新方法。     

超声消融治疗子宫黏膜下肌瘤的安全性和疗效评价

目的 探讨超声消融治疗突入宫腔体积＜50%的子宫黏膜下肌瘤的安全性及疗效.方法 前瞻性选择2006年10月至2009年9月在解放军总医院妇产科就诊有明显临床症状的、经MRI确诊的突出官腔体积＜50%的子宫黏膜下肌瘤患者66例(68个肌瘤),行超声引导下的聚焦超声消融治疗,记录消融治疗过程中及消融治疗后出现的不良反应;消融治疗后即刻采用超声造影评价消融治疗的疗效,消融治疗后第3、6、12和24个月,超声评价肌瘤体积变化;采用子宫肌瘤相关症状评分表(SSS)和月经期症状评分表评估症状变化.结果 共66例患者的68个黏膜下肌瘤消融治疗前肌瘤平均体积为(151±134)cm3,消融治疗后即刻超声造影中无灌注区平均体积为(114±104)cm3,肌瘤体积消融率为(77±16)%.所有患者均顺利完成治疗,随访时间为6～44个月,中位随访时间24个月,至今未出现显著并发症.消融治疗后有52%(34/66)的患者出现阴道排液症状,均于消融治疗3～4个月经周期后自行恢复正常.消融治疗后第3、6、12和24个月时,SSS评分与消融治疗前比较,分别降低20.9%、38.0%、45.1%、47.1%;月经期症状评分与消融治疗前比较,分别降低42.0%、63.8%、64.2%、68.8%,分别与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),坏死肌瘤逐渐吸收缩小,肌瘤体积较消融治疗前平均缩小44.7%、66.0%、77.7%和89.8%.结论 超声消融治疗突入宫腔体积＜50%的子宫黏膜下肌瘤安全、有效,黏膜下肌瘤相关症状改善显著.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of focused ultrasound ablation in the treatment of submucosal fibroids which broke into uterine cavity less than 50%. Methods From Oct. 2006 to Sept. 2009, 66 patients with 69 submucosal fibroids broke into uterine cavity less than 50% diagnosed by MRI in Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital were enrolled in this study. They were treated by ultrasound-guided focused ultrasound ablation in the outpatient department, which using the contrast enhanced ultrasonography to assess the efficacy after ablation immediately, to measure reduction of fibroids volume and record adverse effect before and after ultrasound ablation. At 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after treatment, ablation outcome and fibroids volumes were evaluated by contrast ultrasound. The changes of clinical symptom were evaluated by the symptom severity score ( SSS) of the uterine fibroid quality-of-life instrument( UFS-QOL). Results The average volume of fibroids in 66 patients with 68 submucosal fibroids were (151 ±134) cm3 before treatment and (114 ± 104) cm3 no enhanced regional after treatment. The ablation rate of target fibroids was (77 ±16)%. All patients completed this treatment successfully, they were followed up for 6 - 44 months, the median follow-up time was 24 months. No serious complication was observed. However, there were 52% (34/66) patients presented vaginal discharge after ablation, it disappeared gradually after 3 to 4 menstrual cycles. The SSS and the menstrual period symptom scores were significantly lower than that before ablation at the follow-up of 3,6, 12 and 24 months, the rates were 20. 9% , 38. 0% , 45. 1% , 47. 1% and 42. 0% , 63. 8% , 64. 2% , 68. 8% , which all reached statistical difference (P ＜ 0. 05 ). The necrotic fibroids were absorbed gradually, the reduction rates of fibroid volume were 44. 7% ,66. 0% ,77. 7% and 89. 8% . Conclusion It was safe and efficacy that focused ultrasound ablation was used in treatment of submucosal fibroids which broke into the uterine less than 50%.     

Effectiveness and persistence of a topical treatment for cervical ectropion with deoxyribonucleic acid

AIM: The aim of this study was to estimate short and long term effectiveness of a topical treatment for cervical ectropion with 5 mg of deoxyribonucleic acid (DRNA). METHODS: A randomized case-control study was carried out. Two-hundred and twenty patients, colposcopically diagnosed with cervical ectropion, were consecutively enrolled and randomly divided into 2 groups: treated (group 1) and controls (group 2). The therapeutic plan consisted of DRNA 5 mg vaginal suppositories, administered for 15 days monthly; subsequently posology was reduced gradually. Both groups underwent a clinical and colposcopical follow-up on the 1st, 4th, 10th and 22nd months after the first examination. At the end of the study, the size of ectropion was considered a parameter of re-epithelialization and provided a criterion of treatment effectiveness. According to this protocol, subjects were defined improved, stable or worsened. Statistical analysis including Pearson chi2 tests, Fisher's exact tests, Yate's corrected chi2 and relative-risk (95% CI) was performed. RESULTS: Of the 220 enrolled patients, 140 completed the study protocol: 76 treated and 64 controls. Outcomes after treatment and follow-up consisted of: 74 (97.4%) improved in group 1, against 2 cases (3.1%) in group 2. High statistical significance was reported comparing outcome frequencies in the 2 groups (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: This study shows a significant reduction (P<0.0001) in cervical ectropion size between cases (topical treatment with DRNA 5 mg) and controls. A follow-up of 22 months confirmed the persistence and effectiveness of this medical approach.