无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭疗效观察

目的 探讨无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效.方法 对25例慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭患者,在常规治疗的基础上联合无创正压通气治疗,观察临床疗效.结果 本组患者治疗有效率为80％.结论 无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭疗效确切.     

大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合无创正压通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血氧状态及氧化应激指标的影响

目的 探讨大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病的临床效果.方法 选取2017年6月至2020年12月收治的70例慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(35例)和观察组(35例).对照组给予常规剂量盐酸氨溴索联合无创正压通气治疗,观察组应用大剂量盐酸氨溴索联合无创正压通气治疗....     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的护理

目的探讨无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭的护理措施。方法回顾性分析2006年1月-2008年12月使用无创正压通气治疗合并呼吸衰竭的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者的临床资料,比较其使用呼吸机前后的症状、舒适性、体温、心率及血气分析的变化。结果使用无创正压通气治疗后患者症状改善,无明显不适感,体温、心率趋于平稳,缺氧、高碳酸血症得到明显改善。结论无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并呼吸衰竭易于护理,效果显著。     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭临床分析

目的:评价无创正压通气对慢性阻塞性肺疾病引起的呼吸衰竭的治疗价值。方法:回顾性分析35例伴严重Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作期患者的临床资料。结果:无创正压通气3h可迅速改善患者的血气(P<0.05),24～72h可获进一步改善(P<0.01)。治疗成功率88.6%。结论:无创正压通气对以高二氧化碳血症为主要表现的慢性阻塞性肺部疾病并重度呼吸衰竭的患者有良好的治疗效果,对于二氧化碳的排出效果明显。     

无创性压力控制通气对老年急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者通气参数的影响

无创正压通气(NPPV)应用于慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、慢性充血性心力衰竭所致呼吸衰竭(呼衰)及有创机械通气的序贯治疗等疾病的临床实践已20多年[1-2].     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期73例临床护理

目的:探讨无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的护理方法。方法:对73例慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者,在常规治疗基础上行无创正压通气,同时给予心理护理、体位护理、呼吸道护理、呼吸机操作时护理和通气过程中监测护理等护理措施。结果:本组治疗后PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者时,有效科学的护理干预能够提高通气治疗效果,护理效果显著,值得借鉴。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人家庭无创通气治疗自我管理现状与需求的调查分析

[目的]了解慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人家庭使用无创正压通气治疗期间自我管理现状与需求,分析影响因素,为家庭无创正压通气治疗的规范管理和教育提供参考依据.[方法]采用Spitzer生活质量指数(SQLI)量表和自编无创正压通气自我管理、医疗服务调查表,对常州市接受家庭无创通气治疗的30例合并慢性高碳酸血症性呼吸衰竭的慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人进行问卷调查.[结果]60%慢性阻塞性肺疾病家庭使用无创正压通气治疗病人SQLI评分≤4分,日常生活依赖家属.无创正压通气治疗家庭管理能力欠缺,对治疗效果无监管.所有病人均有家庭访视的需求,36.67%希望得到三级医院上门医疗服务.[结论]此类病人家庭医疗护理的需求普遍存在,需要有关部门和专业人员积极探索,创造出切合实际的家庭医疗护理服务模式,以达到提高治疗效果,控制病情发展之目的.     

无创正压机械通气治疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心理健康影响

目的:探讨影响行无创正压机械通气治疗的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心理健康的因素.方法:慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者102例,均行无创正压机械通气治疗,应用SCL-90症状自评量表评定患者的心理健康情况,多元回归分析影响患者心理健康的主要因素.结果:女性患者SCL-90症状自评量表评分为(155.43±26.56)分,男性患者评分为(133.45±25.21)分,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);生活不能自理者自评量表评分为(154.78±27.13)分,生活可自理者评分为(134.25±22.55)分,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).多元逐步回归分析结果显示,经济状况、性别、生活自理情况为影响行无创正压机械通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心理状态的主要因素.结论:行无创正压机械通气治疗的慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者应加强生活护理及心理支持治疗.     

BiPAP无创呼吸机治疗呼吸衰竭40例的护理

目的:探讨双水平无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者的护理.方法:对40例用双水平气道内正压无创通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者进行临床观察及全面护理,观察疗效及副作用.结果:40例患者经治疗胸闷、呼吸困难症状均改善,除5例胃胀气、2例面部充血外无其他不良反应.结论:双水平无创正压通气呼吸机配合有效的护理对慢性阻塞性肺疾病呼吸衰竭患者的治疗效果满意且副作用小.     

无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭25例

目的:探讨无创正压通气治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的临床疗效.方法:对25例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者在常规治疗的同时,合用无创双水平正压通气(BiPAP)呼吸机行无创正压通气,观察患者通气治疗前、治疗后2 h、24 h及治疗结束后心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)、血气分析指标(PH、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2)的变化.结果:无创正压通气后24 h心率(HR)、呼吸频率(RR)和血气指标(PH、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2)明显改善(P<0.05),治疗结束可获进一步改善(P<0.01).结论:无创正压通气治疗COPD急性加重并发Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭具有明显的疗效.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.